{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]],"date-time":"2026-08-31T21:38:29Z","timestamp":1788212309369,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,21]],"date-time":"2020-09-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1600646400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,21]],"date-time":"2020-09-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1600646400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Radiat Oncol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We aimed to explore the efficacy of orbital radiotherapy (RT) in patients with moderate-to-severe active Graves\u2019 orbitopathy (GO), including long-lasting disease, and to determine the predictive factors associated with treatment response.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This was a retrospective study of 62 moderate-to-severe active GO patients treated with RT. Demographic data and ophthalmic findings prior to RT and at 3 and 6\u2009months afterward were analyzed. Computed tomography was performed before and after RT to compare orbital volume change. We used logistic regression to determine the predictive factors for treatment response. Subjects were divided into early- and late-active phase groups based on GO duration of 24\u2009months and treatment outcomes were compared with each other to observe the effects of RT timing on treatment response.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Forty (64.5%) and forty-six (74.1%) patients experienced improvements in GO at 3 and 6\u2009months after radiotherapy, respectively. Ocular parameters such as clinical activity score (CAS), proptosis, extraocular muscle (EOM) limitation, and compressive optic neuropathy (CON) were improved by RT. Volumes of EOM significantly decreased after RT. The enlargement of EOMs and EOM limitation were predictive factors for a good response to RT. At 6\u2009months after RT, 22 (68.8%) patients of late-active phase group exhibited improvement in GO, which is comparable to the number of 24 (80.0%) patients of early-active phase group. In the late-active phase group, CAS, diplopia, and visual acuity were improved significantly, but there was no change in EOM limitation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In moderate-to-severe active GO patients, orbital RT may help improve high CAS, proptosis, EOM limitation, and CON. The orbital RT in long-lasting active GO patients may be considered as treatments for the relief of symptoms including high CAS and poor visual acuity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13014-020-01663-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,21]],"date-time":"2020-09-21T09:03:52Z","timestamp":1600679032000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Efficacy of orbital radiotherapy in moderate-to-severe active graves\u2019 orbitopathy including long-lasting disease: a retrospective analysis"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Jin Hwa","family":"Choi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9797-9945","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jeong Kyu","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"1663_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ando.2018.09.002","volume":"79","author":"JL Wemeau","year":"2018","unstructured":"Wemeau JL, Klein M, Sadoul JL, Briet C, V\u00e9layoudom-C\u00e9phise FL. 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This study adheres to the guidelines of the Declaration of Helsinki. We have read and understood your journal\u2019s policies, and we believe that neither the manuscript nor the study violates any of these.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"220"}}