{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T15:14:31Z","timestamp":1792595671924,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,21]],"date-time":"2021-03-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1616284800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,21]],"date-time":"2021-03-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1616284800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Radiat Oncol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Whole brain radiation (WBRT) may lead to acute xerostomia and dry eye from incidental parotid and lacrimal exposure, respectively. We performed a prospective observational study to assess the incidence\/severity of this toxicity. We herein perform a secondary analysis relating parotid and lacrimal dosimetric parameters to normal tissue complication probability (NTCP) rates and associated models.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Patients received WBRT to 25\u201340\u00a0Gy in 10\u201320 fractions using 3D-conformal radiation therapy without prospective delineation of the parotids or lacrimals. Patients completed questionnaires at baseline and 1\u00a0month post-WBRT. Xerostomia was assessed using the University of Michigan xerostomia score (scored 0\u2013100, toxicity defined as\u2009\u2265\u200920 pt increase) and xerostomia bother score (scored from 0 to 3, toxicity defined as\u2009\u2265\u20092 pt increase). Dry eye was assessed using the Subjective Evaluation of Symptom of Dryness (SESoD, scored from 0 to 4, toxicity defined as\u2009\u2265\u20092 pt increase). The clinical data were fitted by the Lyman\u2013Kutcher\u2013Burman (LKB) and Relative Seriality (RS) NTCP models.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Of 55 evaluable patients, 19 (35%) had\u2009\u2265\u200920 point increase in xerostomia score, 11 (20%) had\u2009\u2265\u20092 point increase in xerostomia bother score, and 13 (24%) had\u2009\u2265\u20092 point increase in SESoD score. For xerostomia, parotid V<jats:sub>10Gy<\/jats:sub>\u2013V<jats:sub>20Gy<\/jats:sub> correlated best with toxicity, with AUC 0.68 for xerostomia score and 0.69\u20130.71 for bother score. The values for the D<jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>, m and n parameters of the LKB model were 22.3\u00a0Gy, 0.84 and 1.0 for xerostomia score and 28.4\u00a0Gy, 0.55 and 1.0 for bother score, respectively. The corresponding values for the D<jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>, \u03b3 and s parameters of the RS model were 23.5\u00a0Gy, 0.28 and 0.0001 for xerostomia score and 32.0\u00a0Gy, 0.45 and 0.0001 for bother score, respectively. For dry eye, lacrimal V<jats:sub>10Gy<\/jats:sub>\u2013V<jats:sub>15Gy<\/jats:sub> were found to correlate best with toxicity, with AUC values from 0.67 to 0.68. The parameter values of the LKB model were 53.5\u00a0Gy, 0.74 and 1.0, whereas of the RS model were 54.0\u00a0Gy, 0.37 and 0.0001, respectively.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Xerostomia was most associated with parotid V<jats:sub>10Gy<\/jats:sub>\u2013V<jats:sub>20Gy<\/jats:sub>, and dry eye with lacrimal V<jats:sub>10Gy<\/jats:sub>\u2013V<jats:sub>15Gy<\/jats:sub>. NTCP models were successfully created for both toxicities and may help clinicians refine dosimetric goals and assess levels of risk in patients receiving palliative WBRT.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13014-021-01786-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,21]],"date-time":"2021-03-21T04:51:39Z","timestamp":1616302299000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["NTCP modeling and dose\u2013volume correlations for acute xerostomia and dry eye after whole brain radiation"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9066-5123","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Panayiotis","family":"Mavroidis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kevin A.","family":"Pearlstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dominic H.","family":"Moon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Victoria","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Trevor J.","family":"Royce","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ashley A.","family":"Weiner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Colette J.","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lawrence B.","family":"Marks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bhishamjit S.","family":"Chera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shiva K.","family":"Das","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kyle","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"1786_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"765","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2019.07.015","volume":"105","author":"K Wang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Wang K, Tobillo R, Mavroidis P, et al. 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The patients\/participants provided their written informed consent to participate in this study. Written informed consent was obtained from the individual(s) for the publication of any potentially identifiable images or data included in this article.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"56"}}