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In total, 199 uncorrelated radiomic features fulfilling the standards of the Image Biomarker Standardization Initiative (IBSI) were extracted from the outlined gross tumor volume (GTV). Regularized models (Coxnet and Gradient Boost) for the development of local lung fibrosis (LF), local tumor control (LC), disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) were built from either clinical\/ dosimetric variables, radiomics features or a combination thereof and validated in a comparable cohort of 71 patients treated by robotic SBRT at the Radiosurgery Center in Northern Germany (test cohort).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Oncologic outcome did not differ significantly between the two cohorts (OS at 36\u00a0months 56% vs. 43%,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.065; median DFS 25\u00a0months vs. 23\u00a0months,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.43; LC at 36\u00a0months 90% vs. 93%,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.197). Local lung fibrosis developed in 33% vs. 35% of the patients (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.75), all events were observed within 36\u00a0months. In the training cohort, radiomics models were able to predict OS, DFS and LC (concordance index 0.77\u20130.99,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.005), but failed to generalize to the test cohort. In opposite, models for the development of lung fibrosis could be generated from both clinical\/dosimetric factors and radiomic features or combinations thereof, which were both predictive in the training set (concordance index 0.71\u2013 0.79,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.005) and in the test set (concordance index 0.59\u20130.66,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05). The best performing model included 4 clinical\/dosimetric variables (GTV-D\n                      <jats:sub>mean<\/jats:sub>\n                      , PTV-D\n                      <jats:sub>95%<\/jats:sub>\n                      , Lung-D\n                      <jats:sub>1ml<\/jats:sub>\n                      , age) and 7 radiomic features (concordance index 0.66,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.03).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Despite the obvious difficulties in generalizing predictive models for oncologic outcome and toxicity, this analysis shows that carefully designed radiomics models for prediction of local lung fibrosis after SBRT of early stage lung cancer perform well across different institutions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13014-021-01805-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,16]],"date-time":"2021-04-16T09:10:31Z","timestamp":1618564231000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Radiomics for prediction of radiation-induced lung injury and oncologic outcome after robotic stereotactic body radiotherapy of lung cancer: results from two independent institutions"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Khaled","family":"Bousabarah","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oliver","family":"Blanck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susanne","family":"Temming","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria-Lisa","family":"Wilhelm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mauritius","family":"Hoevels","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wolfgang W.","family":"Baus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Ruess","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Veerle","family":"Visser-Vandewalle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maximilian I.","family":"Ruge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Harald","family":"Treuer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5674-9227","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Martin","family":"Kocher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"1805_CR1","unstructured":"NCCN: National Comprehensive Cancer Network. 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