{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T04:24:33Z","timestamp":1772166273405,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,9]],"date-time":"2021-07-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1625788800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,9]],"date-time":"2021-07-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1625788800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100016226","name":"Accuray","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["20-00-00-1003866"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20-00-00-1003866"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100016226","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Radiat Oncol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Historically, IBD has been thought to increase the underlying risk of radiation related toxicity in the treatment of prostate cancer. In the modern era, contemporary radiation planning and delivery may mitigate radiation-related toxicity in this theoretically high-risk cohort. This is the first manuscript to report clinical outcomes for men diagnosed with prostate cancer and underlying IBD curatively treated with stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A large institutional database of patients (n\u2009=\u20094245) treated with SBRT for adenocarcinoma of the prostate was interrogated to identify patients who were diagnosed with underlying IBD prior to treatment. All patients were treated with SBRT over five treatment fractions using a robotic radiosurgical platform and fiducial tracking. Baseline IBD characteristics including IBD subtype, pre-SBRT IBD medications, and EPIC bowel questionnaires were reviewed for the IBD cohort. Acute and late toxicity was evaluated using the CTCAE version 5.0.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 31 patients were identified who had underlying IBD prior to SBRT for the curative treatment of prostate cancer. The majority (n\u2009=\u200918) were diagnosed with ulcerative colitis and  were being treated\u00a0with local steroid suppositories for IBD. No biochemical relapses were observed in the IBD cohort with early follow up. High-grade acute and late toxicities were rare (n\u2009=\u20091, grade 3 proctitis) with a median time to any GI toxicity of 22\u00a0months. Hemorrhoidal flare was the most common low-grade toxicity observed (n\u2009=\u20093).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To date, this is one of the largest groups of patients with IBD treated safely and effectively with radiation for prostate cancer and the only review of patients treated with SBRT. Caution is warranted when delivering therapeutic radiation to patients with IBD, however modern radiation techniques appear to have mitigated the risk of GI side effects.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13014-021-01850-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,9]],"date-time":"2021-07-09T04:03:06Z","timestamp":1625803386000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Stereotactic body radiation therapy for the treatment of localized prostate cancer in men with underlying inflammatory bowel disease"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Jonathan W.","family":"Lischalk","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Seth","family":"Blacksburg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christopher","family":"Mendez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Repka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Astrid","family":"Sanchez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Todd","family":"Carpenter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Matthew","family":"Witten","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jules E.","family":"Garbus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrew","family":"Evans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sean P.","family":"Collins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aaron","family":"Katz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jonathan","family":"Haas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,9]]},"reference":[{"issue":"21","key":"1850_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2066","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra0804647","volume":"361","author":"C Abraham","year":"2009","unstructured":"Abraham C, Cho JH. Inflammatory bowel disease. N Engl J Med. 2009;361(21):2066\u201378. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMra0804647.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"1850_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/s0889-8553(01)00002-4","volume":"31","author":"EV Loftus","year":"2002","unstructured":"Loftus EV, Sandborn WJ. Epidemiology of inflammatory bowel disease. Gastroenterol Clin North Am. 2002;31(1):1\u201320. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0889-8553(01)00002-4.","journal-title":"Gastroenterol Clin North Am"},{"issue":"6","key":"1850_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1785","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2011.01.055","volume":"140","author":"J Cosnes","year":"2011","unstructured":"Cosnes J, Gower-Rousseau C, Seksik P, Cortot A. Epidemiology and natural history of inflammatory bowel diseases. Gastroenterology. 2011;140(6):1785\u201394. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/j.gastro.2011.01.055.","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"4","key":"1850_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"854","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(20010215)91:4<854::aid-cncr1073>3.0.co;2-z","volume":"91","author":"CN Bernstein","year":"2001","unstructured":"Bernstein CN, Blanchard JF, Kliewer E, Wajda A. Cancer risk in patients with inflammatory bowel disease: a population-based study. Cancer. 2001;91(4):854\u201362. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/1097-0142(20010215)91:4%3c854::aid-cncr1073%3e3.0.co;2-z.","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"issue":"7","key":"1850_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1007\/s11894-015-0448-y","volume":"17","author":"F Civitelli","year":"2015","unstructured":"Civitelli F, Casciani E, Maccioni F, et al. Use of imaging techniques in inflammatory bowel diseases that minimize radiation exposure. Curr Gastroenterol Rep. 2015;17(7):28. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11894-015-0448-y.","journal-title":"Curr Gastroenterol Rep"},{"issue":"3","key":"1850_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1080\/00365521.2016.1252945","volume":"52","author":"H Englund","year":"2017","unstructured":"Englund H, Lid\u00e9n KK, Lind T, Sundstr\u00f6m T, Karling P. Radiation exposure in patients with inflammatory bowel disease and irritable bowel syndrome in the years 2001\u20132011. Scand J Gastroenterol. 2017;52(3):300\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00365521.2016.1252945.","journal-title":"Scand J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"7","key":"1850_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1363","DOI":"10.1007\/s00261-016-0650-x","volume":"41","author":"DJ Grand","year":"2016","unstructured":"Grand DJ, Harris A, Shapiro J, et al. Risk factors for radiation exposure in newly diagnosed IBD patients. Abdom Radiol N Y. 2016;41(7):1363\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00261-016-0650-x.","journal-title":"Abdom Radiol N Y"},{"issue":"7","key":"1850_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2165","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v22.i7.2165","volume":"22","author":"N Zakeri","year":"2016","unstructured":"Zakeri N, Pollok RCG. Diagnostic imaging and radiation exposure in inflammatory bowel disease. World J Gastroenterol. 2016;22(7):2165\u201378. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3748\/wjg.v22.i7.2165.","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"9","key":"1850_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"536","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clon.2015.05.001","volume":"27","author":"D Tromp","year":"2015","unstructured":"Tromp D, Christie DRH. Acute and late bowel toxicity in radiotherapy patients with inflammatory bowel disease: a systematic review. Clin Oncol R Coll Radiol G B. 2015;27(9):536\u201341. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clon.2015.05.001.","journal-title":"Clin Oncol R Coll Radiol G B"},{"issue":"6","key":"1850_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1177\/014107688307600606","volume":"76","author":"PF Schofield","year":"1983","unstructured":"Schofield PF, Holden D, Carr ND. Bowel disease after radiotherapy. J R Soc Med. 1983;76(6):463\u20136.","journal-title":"J R Soc Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"1850_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"905","DOI":"10.1097\/00007611-198907000-00027","volume":"82","author":"M Hoffman","year":"1989","unstructured":"Hoffman M, Kalter C, Roberts WS, Cavanagh D. Early cervical cancer coexistent with idiopathic inflammatory bowel disease. South Med J. 1989;82(7):905\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00007611-198907000-00027.","journal-title":"South Med J"},{"issue":"4","key":"1850_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"995","DOI":"10.1016\/s0360-3016(99)00374-0","volume":"46","author":"CG Willett","year":"2000","unstructured":"Willett CG, Ooi CJ, Zietman AL, et al. Acute and late toxicity of patients with inflammatory bowel disease undergoing irradiation for abdominal and pelvic neoplasms. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2000;46(4):995\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0360-3016(99)00374-0.","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"issue":"11","key":"1850_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1566","DOI":"10.1592\/phco.2005.25.11.1566","volume":"25","author":"AJ Busti","year":"2005","unstructured":"Busti AJ, Hooper JS, Amaya CJ, Kazi S. Effects of perioperative antiinflammatory and immunomodulating therapy on surgical wound healing. Pharmacotherapy. 2005;25(11):1566\u201391. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1592\/phco.2005.25.11.1566.","journal-title":"Pharmacotherapy"},{"issue":"2","key":"1850_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1016\/S0360-3016(01)01629-7","volume":"51","author":"DY Song","year":"2001","unstructured":"Song DY, Lawrie WT, Abrams RA, et al. Acute and late radiotherapy toxicity in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Int J Radiat Oncol. 2001;51(2):455\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0360-3016(01)01629-7.","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol"},{"issue":"5","key":"1850_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"728","DOI":"10.1093\/ibd\/izz175","volume":"26","author":"LA Feagins","year":"2020","unstructured":"Feagins LA, Kim J, Chandrakumaran A, et al. Rates of adverse IBD-related outcomes for patients with IBD and concomitant prostate cancer treated with radiation therapy. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2020;26(5):728\u201333. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ibd\/izz175.","journal-title":"Inflamm Bowel Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"1850_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rpor.2016.10.005","volume":"22","author":"MM Gestaut","year":"2017","unstructured":"Gestaut MM, Swanson GP. Long term clinical toxicity of radiation therapy in prostate cancer patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Rep Pract Oncol Radiother J Gt Cancer Cent Poznan Pol Soc Radiat Oncol. 2017;22(1):77\u201382. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.rpor.2016.10.005.","journal-title":"Rep Pract Oncol Radiother J Gt Cancer Cent Poznan Pol Soc Radiat Oncol"},{"issue":"3","key":"1850_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e215","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prro.2014.09.004","volume":"5","author":"CT Murphy","year":"2015","unstructured":"Murphy CT, Heller S, Ruth K, et al. Evaluating toxicity from definitive radiation therapy for prostate cancer in men with inflammatory bowel disease: Patient selection and dosimetric parameters with modern treatment techniques. Pract Radiat Oncol. 2015;5(3):e215\u201322. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.prro.2014.09.004.","journal-title":"Pract Radiat Oncol"},{"issue":"6","key":"1850_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"564","DOI":"10.1097\/COC.0000000000000010","volume":"38","author":"EC White","year":"2015","unstructured":"White EC, Murphy JD, Chang DT, Koong AC. Low toxicity in inflammatory bowel disease patients treated with abdominal and pelvic radiation therapy. Am J Clin Oncol. 2015;38(6):564\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/COC.0000000000000010.","journal-title":"Am J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"1850_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Jmour O, Pellat A, Colson-Durand L, et al. [Radiation therapy in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. A review]. Bull Cancer (Paris). 2018;105(5):517\u2013522. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bulcan.2018.02.005","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bulcan.2018.02.005"},{"issue":"2","key":"1850_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2013.08.030","volume":"109","author":"CR King","year":"2013","unstructured":"King CR, Freeman D, Kaplan I, et al. Stereotactic body radiotherapy for localized prostate cancer: pooled analysis from a multi-institutional consortium of prospective phase II trials. Radiother Oncol J Eur Soc Ther Radiol Oncol. 2013;109(2):217\u201321. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.radonc.2013.08.030.","journal-title":"Radiother Oncol J Eur Soc Ther Radiol Oncol"},{"key":"1850_CR21","unstructured":"Kk S, Fm P, C B, Fl M, R P. Deficient DNA repair in chronic ulcerative colitis. Cancer Detect Prev. 1997;21(6):540\u2013545."},{"issue":"2","key":"1850_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1097\/00054725-199706000-00004","volume":"3","author":"JR Korzenik","year":"1997","unstructured":"Korzenik JR. IBD: a vascular disorder? The case for heparin therapy. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 1997;3(2):87\u201394.","journal-title":"Inflamm Bowel Dis"},{"issue":"8926","key":"1850_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"859","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(94)92831-2","volume":"344","author":"MB Grisham","year":"1994","unstructured":"Grisham MB. Oxidants and free radicals in inflammatory bowel disease. Lancet Lond Engl. 1994;344(8926):859\u201361. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0140-6736(94)92831-2.","journal-title":"Lancet Lond Engl"},{"issue":"1","key":"1850_CR24","first-page":"1","volume":"170","author":"KR Trott","year":"1994","unstructured":"Trott KR. Therapeutic effects of low radiation doses. Strahlenther Onkol Organ Dtsch Rontgengesellschaft Al. 1994;170(1):1\u201312.","journal-title":"Strahlenther Onkol Organ Dtsch Rontgengesellschaft Al"},{"issue":"3","key":"1850_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1016\/s0167-8140(99)00066-3","volume":"51","author":"KR Trott","year":"1999","unstructured":"Trott KR, Kamprad F. Radiobiological mechanisms of anti-inflammatory radiotherapy. Radiother Oncol J Eur Soc Ther Radiol Oncol. 1999;51(3):197\u2013203. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0167-8140(99)00066-3.","journal-title":"Radiother Oncol J Eur Soc Ther Radiol Oncol"},{"issue":"8","key":"1850_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"711","DOI":"10.1080\/09553000210137671","volume":"78","author":"F Roedel","year":"2002","unstructured":"Roedel F, Kley N, Beuscher HU, et al. Anti-inflammatory effect of low-dose X-irradiation and the involvement of a TGF-beta1-induced down-regulation of leukocyte\/endothelial cell adhesion. Int J Radiat Biol. 2002;78(8):711\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/09553000210137671.","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Biol"},{"key":"1850_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Hess CB, Nasti TH, Dhere V, et al. Immunomodulatory Low-Dose Whole-Lung Radiation for Patients with COVID-19-Related Pneumonia. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. Published online December 16, 2020. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2020.12.011","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2020.12.011"},{"issue":"2","key":"1850_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brachy.2012.04.008","volume":"12","author":"HH Pai","year":"2013","unstructured":"Pai HH, Keyes M, Morris WJ, Christie J. Toxicity after (125)I prostate brachytherapy in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Brachytherapy. 2013;12(2):126\u201333. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.brachy.2012.04.008.","journal-title":"Brachytherapy"},{"issue":"3","key":"1850_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1007\/s00384-014-2103-8","volume":"30","author":"BW Chang","year":"2015","unstructured":"Chang BW, Kumar AMS, Koyfman SA, Kalady M, Lavery I, Abdel-Wahab M. Radiation therapy in patients with inflammatory bowel disease and colorectal cancer: risks and benefits. Int J Colorectal Dis. 2015;30(3):403\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00384-014-2103-8.","journal-title":"Int J Colorectal Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"1850_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.21037\/jgo.2017.01.13","volume":"8","author":"P Annede","year":"2017","unstructured":"Annede P, Seisen T, Klotz C, et al. Inflammatory bowel diseases activity in patients undergoing pelvic radiation therapy. J Gastrointest Oncol. 2017;8(1):173\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21037\/jgo.2017.01.13.","journal-title":"J Gastrointest Oncol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1850_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2011.11.047","volume":"84","author":"MJ Zelefsky","year":"2012","unstructured":"Zelefsky MJ, Kollmeier M, Cox B, et al. Improved clinical outcomes with high-dose image guided radiotherapy compared with non-IGRT for the treatment of clinically localized prostate cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2012;84(1):125\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2011.11.047.","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"issue":"2","key":"1850_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1002\/acm2.12051","volume":"18","author":"SG Hedrick","year":"2017","unstructured":"Hedrick SG, Fagundes M, Robison B, et al. A comparison between hydrogel spacer and endorectal balloon: An analysis of intrafraction prostate motion during proton therapy. J Appl Clin Med Phys. 2017;18(2):106\u201312. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/acm2.12051.","journal-title":"J Appl Clin Med Phys"},{"issue":"1","key":"1850_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2012.12.019","volume":"87","author":"DY Song","year":"2013","unstructured":"Song DY, Herfarth KK, Uhl M, et al. A multi-institutional clinical trial of rectal dose reduction via injected polyethylene-glycol hydrogel during intensity modulated radiation therapy for prostate cancer: analysis of dosimetric outcomes. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2013;87(1):81\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2012.12.019.","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"issue":"4","key":"1850_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1251","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2009.07.1679","volume":"76","author":"RC Susil","year":"2010","unstructured":"Susil RC, McNutt TR, DeWeese TL, Song D. Effects of prostate-rectum separation on rectal dose from external beam radiotherapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2010;76(4):1251\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2009.07.1679.","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"issue":"3","key":"1850_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1111\/bju.14192","volume":"122","author":"M Chao","year":"2018","unstructured":"Chao M, Ho H, Chan Y, et al. Prospective analysis of hydrogel spacer for patients with prostate cancer undergoing radiotherapy. BJU Int. 2018;122(3):427\u201333. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/bju.14192.","journal-title":"BJU Int"},{"issue":"10","key":"1850_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e148","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clon.2016.05.005","volume":"28","author":"D Whalley","year":"2016","unstructured":"Whalley D, Hruby G, Alfieri F, Kneebone A, Eade T. SpaceOAR hydrogel in dose-escalated prostate cancer radiotherapy: rectal dosimetry and late toxicity. Clin Oncol R Coll Radiol G B. 2016;28(10):e148-154. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clon.2016.05.005.","journal-title":"Clin Oncol R Coll Radiol G B"},{"issue":"6","key":"1850_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1111","DOI":"10.1007\/s00345-018-2502-5","volume":"37","author":"M Chao","year":"2019","unstructured":"Chao M, Lim Joon D, Khoo V, et al. The use of hydrogel spacer in men undergoing high-dose prostate cancer radiotherapy: results of a prospective phase 2 clinical trial. World J Urol. 2019;37(6):1111\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00345-018-2502-5.","journal-title":"World J Urol"},{"key":"1850_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Alongi F, Rigo M, Figlia V, et al. Rectal spacer hydrogel in 1.5T MR-guided and daily adapted SBRT for prostate cancer: dosimetric analysis and preliminary patient-reported outcomes. Br J Radiol. 2021;94(1117):20200848. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1259\/bjr.20200848","DOI":"10.1259\/bjr.20200848"},{"key":"1850_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Cuccia F, Mazzola R, Nicosia L, et al. Impact of hydrogel peri-rectal spacer insertion on prostate gland intra-fraction motion during 1.5\u2009T MR-guided stereotactic body radiotherapy. Radiat Oncol Lond Engl. 2020;15(1):178. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13014-020-01622-3","DOI":"10.1186\/s13014-020-01622-3"}],"container-title":["Radiation Oncology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13014-021-01850-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s13014-021-01850-1\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13014-021-01850-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,9]],"date-time":"2021-07-09T04:08:34Z","timestamp":1625803714000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ro-journal.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s13014-021-01850-1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,9]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]}},"alternative-id":["1850"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13014-021-01850-1","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-592369\/v1","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1748-717X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1748-717X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"10 June 2021","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"24 June 2021","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"9 July 2021","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This single institutional review of patients treated with SBRT for prostate cancer was approved by the local Institutional Review Board (Study # 00001269).","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"JWL and SB are paid speakers for Accuray. The remaining authors have no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"126"}}