{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,3]],"date-time":"2026-03-03T15:18:24Z","timestamp":1772551104907,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,27]],"date-time":"2021-11-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1637971200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,27]],"date-time":"2021-11-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1637971200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Key Research and Development Plan","award":["2016YFC0105207"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2016YFC0105207"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Radiat Oncol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Neuroblastoma is a common extracranial malignant tumor in children. Its main treatment modality is a combination of chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and surgery. Given the advances in chemotherapy regimens and the widespread use of bone marrow transplantation over the decades, there has been improvement in treatment efficacy, which has led to prolonged patient survival. Accordingly, long-term complications have become a growing concern among physicians and patients. This study aimed to analyze the survival rate of patients with neuroblastoma and the risk factors for developing second malignant neoplasms (SMNs).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The SEER 18 Regs (1973\u20132015) and SEER 9 Regs (1973\u20132015) data of the surveillance, epidemiology, and end results (SEER) database of the US National Cancer Institute were adopted for survival and SMN analysis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The 5-, 10-, and 20-year overall survival rates of patients with neuroblastoma were 67%, 65%, and 62%, respectively. Among 38 patients with neuroblastoma who presented with SMNs, those with abdomen as the primary site accounted for the majority (63.2%), followed by those with thorax (26.3%) and other sites (10.5%). SMNs occurred more commonly in non-specific neuroblastoma (incidence: 0.87%) than ganglioneuroblastoma (incidence: 0.3%). Compared with the general population, the risk of SMN is significantly higher (SIR\u2009=\u20094.36). The risk of developing SMNs was significantly higher in the digestive system (SIR\u2009=\u20097.29), bones and joints (SIR\u2009=\u200912.91), urinary system (SIR\u2009=\u200923.48), brain and other nervous systems (SIR\u2009=\u20095.70), and endocrine system (SIR\u2009=\u20095.84). Multivariate analysis revealed that the year of diagnosis (OR\u2009=\u20092.138, 95%\u00a0CI\u2009=\u20091.634\u20132.797,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001) was the only independent risk factor for developing SMNs.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study identifies the risk factor for developing SMNs in patients with neuroblastoma, which could facilitate individualized screening for high-risk patients, to allow early diagnosis and treatment of SMNs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13014-021-01943-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,27]],"date-time":"2021-11-27T03:02:53Z","timestamp":1637982173000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Risk of developing second malignant neoplasms in patients with neuroblastoma: a population study of the US SEER database"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Hongnan","family":"Zhen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hui","family":"Guan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jiabin","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wenhui","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shen","family":"Jing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zheng","family":"Miao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fuquan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhikai","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,27]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"1943_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e6","DOI":"10.1097\/MPH.0000000000000148","volume":"37","author":"SM Federico","year":"2015","unstructured":"Federico SM, Allewelt HB, Spunt SL, Hudson MM, Wu J, Billups CA, et al. Subsequent malignant neoplasms in pediatric patients initially diagnosed with neuroblastoma. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol. 2015;37(1):e6\u201312. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/MPH.0000000000000148.","journal-title":"J Pediatr Hematol Oncol"},{"key":"1943_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2016.11.022","volume":"72","author":"MA Applebaum","year":"2017","unstructured":"Applebaum MA, Vaksman Z, Lee SM, Hungate EA, Henderson TO, London WB, et al. Neuroblastoma survivors are at increased risk for second malignancies: a report from the International Neuroblastoma Risk Group Project. Eur J Cancer. 2017;72:177\u201385. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejca.2016.11.022.","journal-title":"Eur J Cancer"},{"issue":"14","key":"1943_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2331","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2009.24.8351","volume":"28","author":"R Haupt","year":"2010","unstructured":"Haupt R, Garaventa A, Gambini C, Parodi S, Cangemi G, Casale F, et al. 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Second malignancies in children with neuroblastoma after combined treatment with 131I-metaiodobenzylguanidine. Cancer. 2003;97(5):1332\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cncr.11167.","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"issue":"16","key":"1943_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1131","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/djp230","volume":"101","author":"C Laverdiere","year":"2009","unstructured":"Laverdiere C, Liu Q, Yasui Y, Nathan PC, Gurney JG, Stovall M, et al. Long-term outcomes in survivors of neuroblastoma: a report from the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2009;101(16):1131\u201340. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jnci\/djp230.","journal-title":"J Natl Cancer Inst"},{"issue":"3","key":"1943_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1038\/bmt.2012.166","volume":"48","author":"KE Danner-Koptik","year":"2013","unstructured":"Danner-Koptik KE, Majhail NS, Brazauskas R, Wang Z, Buchbinder D, Cahn JY, et al. 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Secondary myelodysplastic syndrome and leukemia following 131I-metaiodobenzylguanidine therapy for relapsed neuroblastoma. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol. 2003;25(7):543\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00043426-200307000-00009.","journal-title":"J Pediatr Hematol Oncol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1943_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1002\/pbc.25249","volume":"62","author":"MA Applebaum","year":"2015","unstructured":"Applebaum MA, Henderson TO, Lee SM, Pinto N, Volchenboum SL, Cohn SL. Second malignancies in patients with neuroblastoma: the effects of risk-based therapy. 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