{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T04:16:37Z","timestamp":1793506597555,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,9]],"date-time":"2025-01-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1736380800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,9]],"date-time":"2025-01-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1736380800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Clinical Research Special Project of Shanghai Municipal Health Commission Health Industry","award":["202340226"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202340226"]}]},{"name":"Shanghai Science and Technology Innovation Action Plan Medical Innovation Research Project","award":["23Y11904700"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["23Y11904700"]}]},{"name":"the National Science Foundation of China","award":["82102819"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82102819"]}]},{"name":"Beijing Science and Technology Innovation Medical Development Foundation","award":["KC2021-JX-0170-9"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KC2021-JX-0170-9"]}]},{"name":"Shanghai Key Laboratory of Proton-therapy","award":["23dz2261000"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["23dz2261000"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Radiat Oncol"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s13014-024-02581-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,9]],"date-time":"2025-01-09T14:35:08Z","timestamp":1736433308000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Characterization and dosimetric predictors for absolute lymphocyte count changes during neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy with or without pembrolizumab for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: an analysis of a prospective cohort"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Wei-Xiang","family":"Qi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuyan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shujun","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chao","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaomei","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chaofen","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gang","family":"Cai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cheng","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xuan","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yibin","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiayi","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shengguang","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,9]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"2581_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21660","volume":"71","author":"H Sung","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sung H, Ferlay J, Siegel RL, Laversanne M, Soerjomataram I, Jemal A, Bray F. Global cancer statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. Cancer J Clin. 2021;71(3):209\u201349.","journal-title":"Cancer J Clin"},{"issue":"1","key":"2581_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-4975(00)02570-4","volume":"72","author":"JB Hulscher","year":"2001","unstructured":"Hulscher JB, Tijssen JG, Obertop H, van Lanschot JJ. Transthoracic versus transhiatal resection for carcinoma of the esophagus: a meta-analysis. Ann Thorac Surg. 2001;72(1):306\u201313.","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"issue":"17","key":"2581_CR3","first-page":"1623","volume":"281","author":"JS Cooper","year":"1999","unstructured":"Cooper JS, Guo MD, Herskovic A, Macdonald JS, Martenson JA Jr., Al-Sarraf M, Byhardt R, Russell AH, Beitler JJ, Spencer S, et al. Chemoradiotherapy of locally advanced esophageal cancer: long-term follow-up of a prospective randomized trial (RTOG 85\u201301). Radiation Therapy Oncol Group Jama. 1999;281(17):1623\u20137.","journal-title":"Radiation Therapy Oncol Group Jama"},{"issue":"18","key":"2581_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1995","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.20.03614","volume":"39","author":"BM Eyck","year":"2021","unstructured":"Eyck BM, van Lanschot JJB, Hulshof M, van der Wilk BJ, Shapiro J, van Hagen P, van Berge Henegouwen MI, Wijnhoven BPL, van Laarhoven HWM, Nieuwenhuijzen GAP, et al. Ten-year outcome of neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy plus surgery for esophageal cancer: the randomized controlled CROSS trial. J Clin Oncology: Official J Am Soc Clin Oncol. 2021;39(18):1995\u20132004.","journal-title":"J Clin Oncology: Official J Am Soc Clin Oncol"},{"key":"2581_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yang H, Liu H, Chen Y, Zhu C, Fang W, Yu Z, Mao W, Xiang J, Han Y, Chen Z et al. Long-term efficacy of neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy plus surgery for the treatment of locally advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: the NEOCRTEC5010 randomized clinical trial. JAMA surgery. 2021. 156(8):721\u2013729.","DOI":"10.1001\/jamasurg.2021.2373"},{"key":"2581_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tsilimigras DI, Endo Y, Ratti F, Marques HP, Cauchy F, Lam V, Poultsides GA, Popescu I, Alexandrescu S, Martel G et al. Perioperative lymphopenia is associated with increased risk of recurrence and worse survival following hepatectomy for hepatocellular carcinoma. Ann Surg Oncol. 2024; 31:2568\u20132578.","DOI":"10.1245\/s10434-023-14811-7"},{"key":"2581_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1278723","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2023.1278723","volume":"13","author":"PSN van Rossum","year":"2023","unstructured":"van Rossum PSN, Juan-Cruz C, Stam B, Rossi MMG, Lin SH, Abravan A, Belderbos JSA, Sonke JJ. Severe radiation-induced lymphopenia during concurrent chemoradiotherapy for stage III non-small cell lung cancer: external validation of two prediction models. Front Oncol. 2023;13:1278723.","journal-title":"Front Oncol"},{"key":"2581_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110030","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2023.110030","volume":"190","author":"C Friedes","year":"2023","unstructured":"Friedes C, Iocolano M, Lee SH, Duan L, Li B, Doucette A, Cohen RB, Aggarwal C, Sun LL, Levin WP, et al. The effective radiation dose to immune cells predicts lymphopenia and inferior cancer control in locally advanced NSCLC. Radiother Oncol. 2023;190:110030.","journal-title":"Radiother Oncol"},{"issue":"35","key":"2581_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59757","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.15760","volume":"8","author":"SW Jung","year":"2017","unstructured":"Jung SW, Park IJ, Oh SH, Yeom SS, Lee JL, Yoon YS, Kim CW, Lim SB, Lee JB, Yu CS, et al. Association of immunologic markers from complete blood counts with the response to preoperative chemoradiotherapy and prognosis in locally advanced rectal cancer. Oncotarget. 2017;8(35):59757\u201365.","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"issue":"3","key":"2581_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"536","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2016.11.027","volume":"97","author":"LK Mell","year":"2017","unstructured":"Mell LK, Sirak I, Wei L, Tarnawski R, Mahantshetty U, Yashar CM, McHale MT, Xu R, Honerkamp-Smith G, Carmona R, et al. Bone marrow-sparing intensity modulated radiation therapy with concurrent cisplatin for stage IB-IVA cervical cancer: an international multicenter phase II clinical trial (INTERTECC-2). Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2017;97(3):536\u201345.","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"issue":"3","key":"2581_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"584","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2018.02.025","volume":"128","author":"P Fang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Fang P, Jiang W, Davuluri R, Xu C, Krishnan S, Mohan R, Koong AC, Hsu CC, Lin SH. High lymphocyte count during neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy is associated with improved pathologic complete response in esophageal cancer. Radiother Oncol. 2018;128(3):584\u201390.","journal-title":"Radiother Oncol"},{"issue":"8","key":"2581_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e645","DOI":"10.1093\/oncolo\/oyad109","volume":"28","author":"I Tseng","year":"2023","unstructured":"Tseng I, Li F, Ai D, Chen Y, Xu Y, Yu L, Hao S, Zhu H, Deng J, Liu Q, et al. Less irradiation to lymphocyte-related organs reduced the risk of G4 lymphopenia in esophageal cancer: re-analysis of prospective trials. Oncologist. 2023;28(8):e645\u201352.","journal-title":"Oncologist"},{"issue":"8","key":"2581_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e606","DOI":"10.1093\/oncolo\/oyad094","volume":"28","author":"X Cheng","year":"2023","unstructured":"Cheng X, Chen B, Wang S, Zhang J, Zhu J, Liu M, Liu S, Xi M. Association between lymphopenia and survival outcomes in esophageal carcinoma patients receiving combined immunotherapy and chemoradiotherapy. Oncologist. 2023;28(8):e606\u201316.","journal-title":"Oncologist"},{"issue":"8","key":"2581_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1180","DOI":"10.1111\/1759-7714.13891","volume":"12","author":"WX Qi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Qi WX, Zheng S, Cao L, Xu C, Zhao S, Chen J. Simultaneous integrated boost for mediastinal lymph node recurrence after radical surgery for esophageal cancer: interim results from a phase I\/II prospective study. Thorac Cancer. 2021;12(8):1180\u20136.","journal-title":"Thorac Cancer"},{"issue":"1","key":"2581_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"650","DOI":"10.1186\/s12885-022-09721-y","volume":"22","author":"Y Cao","year":"2022","unstructured":"Cao Y, Han D, Yang S, Shi Y, Zhao S, Jin Q, Li J, Li C, Zhang Y, Shen W, et al. Effects of pre-operative enteral immunonutrition for esophageal cancer patients treated with neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy: protocol for a multicenter randomized controlled trial (point trial, pre-operative immunonutrition therapy). BMC Cancer. 2022;22(1):650.","journal-title":"BMC Cancer"},{"key":"2581_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xjon.2021.11.003","volume":"9","author":"Y Zheng","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zheng Y, Li C, Yu B, Zhao S, Li J, Chen X, Li H. Preoperative pembrolizumab combined with chemoradiotherapy for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: Trial design. JTCVS open. 2022;9:293\u20139.","journal-title":"JTCVS open"},{"key":"2581_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2020.11.039","volume":"144","author":"C Li","year":"2021","unstructured":"Li C, Zhao S, Zheng Y, Han Y, Chen X, Cheng Z, Wu Y, Feng X, Qi W, Chen K, et al. Preoperative pembrolizumab combined with chemoradiotherapy for oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (PALACE-1). Eur J Cancer. 2021;144:232\u201341.","journal-title":"Eur J Cancer"},{"issue":"17","key":"2581_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1556","DOI":"10.1111\/1759-7714.14898","volume":"14","author":"WX Qi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Qi WX, Wang X, Li C, Li S, Li H, Xu F, Chen J, Zhao S, Li H. Pretreatment absolute lymphocyte count is an independent predictor for survival outcomes for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma patients treated with neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy and pembrolizumab: an analysis from a prospective cohort. Thorac Cancer. 2023;14(17):1556\u201366.","journal-title":"Thorac Cancer"},{"key":"2581_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175883592092682","DOI":"10.1177\/1758835920926822","volume":"12","author":"X Wang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wang X, Wang P, Zhao Z, Mao Q, Yu J, Li M. A review of radiation-induced lymphopenia in patients with esophageal cancer: an immunological perspective for radiotherapy. Therapeutic Adv Med Oncol. 2020;12:1758835920926822.","journal-title":"Therapeutic Adv Med Oncol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2581_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2022.12.030","volume":"116","author":"Y Li","year":"2023","unstructured":"Li Y, Fan X, Yu Q, Zhai H, Mo M, Sun J, Mi J, Lu R, Mao J, Chen J, et al. Proton and carbon ion radiation therapy decreased severe lymphopenia by reducing thoracic vertebra and aortic doses in non-small cell lung cancer versus intensity modulated radiation therapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2023;116(3):579\u201389.","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"2581_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2022.07.015","volume":"174","author":"NS McCall","year":"2022","unstructured":"McCall NS, McGinnis HS, Janopaul-Naylor JR, Kesarwala AH, Tian S, Stokes WA, Shelton JW, Steuer CE, Carlisle JW, Leal T, et al. Impact of radiation dose to the immune cells in unresectable or stage III non-small cell lung cancer in the durvalumab era. Radiother Oncol. 2022;174:133\u201340.","journal-title":"Radiother Oncol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2581_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2017.05.037","volume":"99","author":"R Davuluri","year":"2017","unstructured":"Davuluri R, Jiang W, Fang P, Xu C, Komaki R, Gomez DR, Welsh J, Cox JD, Crane CH, Hsu CC, et al. Lymphocyte nadir and esophageal cancer survival outcomes after chemoradiation therapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2017;99(1):128\u201335.","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"issue":"3","key":"2581_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"454","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-019-0357-y","volume":"25","author":"AC Huang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Huang AC, Orlowski RJ, Xu X, Mick R, George SM, Yan PK, Manne S, Kraya AA, Wubbenhorst B, Dorfman L, et al. A single dose of neoadjuvant PD-1 blockade predicts clinical outcomes in resectable melanoma. Nat Med. 2019;25(3):454\u201361.","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"2581_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2019.12.008","volume":"152","author":"JL Anderson","year":"2020","unstructured":"Anderson JL, Newman NB, Anderson C, Sherry AD, Yock AD, Osmundson EC. Mean cardiopulmonary dose and vertebral marrow dose differentially predict lineage-specific leukopenia kinetics during radiotherapy for esophageal cancer. Radiother Oncol. 2020;152:169\u201376.","journal-title":"Radiother Oncol"},{"key":"2581_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phro.2022.07.006","volume":"23","author":"M Bare","year":"2022","unstructured":"Bare M, Poeta S, Fernandes P, Jourani Y, Otte FX, Van Brussel S, Van Gestel D, Van den Begin R. Lymphocyte-sparing pelvic radiotherapy for prostate cancer: an in-silico study. Phys Imaging Radiation Oncol. 2022;23:127\u201333.","journal-title":"Phys Imaging Radiation Oncol"},{"issue":"4","key":"2581_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1002\/jmrs.529","volume":"68","author":"M Beavan","year":"2021","unstructured":"Beavan M, Dundas K, Hudson F, Surjan Y, Lau A, Deshpande S, Lim K, Do V. Feasibility of bone marrow sparing volumetric modulated arc therapy to spare active bone marrow in cervical and vaginal cancer patients: a retrospective dosimetric analysis. J Med Radiat Sci. 2021;68(4):379\u201388.","journal-title":"J Med Radiat Sci"},{"issue":"3","key":"2581_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meddos.2020.12.003","volume":"46","author":"Y Zhang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zhang Y, Jabbour SK, Zhang A, Liu B, Yue NJ, Biswal NC. Proton beam therapy can achieve lower vertebral bone marrow dose than photon beam therapy during chemoradiation therapy of esophageal cancer. Med Dosimetry: Official J Am Association Med Dosimetrists. 2021;46(3):229\u201335.","journal-title":"Med Dosimetry: Official J Am Association Med Dosimetrists"}],"container-title":["Radiation Oncology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13014-024-02581-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s13014-024-02581-9\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13014-024-02581-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,9]],"date-time":"2025-01-09T14:48:33Z","timestamp":1736434113000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ro-journal.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s13014-024-02581-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,9]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["2581"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13014-024-02581-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["1748-717X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1748-717X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"21 June 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"30 December 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"9 January 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Ruijin hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"5"}}