{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,3]],"date-time":"2026-01-03T21:10:41Z","timestamp":1767474641383,"version":"3.48.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,28]],"date-time":"2025-11-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764288000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,3]],"date-time":"2026-01-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767398400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":36,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Radiat Oncol"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>It is not clear how frailty may affect the outcomes of stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) for brain metastasis. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of frailty on clinical outcomes in patients\u2009\u2265\u200960 years old who underwent SRS for brain metastasis from a population-based perspective.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Data were extracted from the National Readmission Database (NRD), 2016 to 2020. Inclusion criteria were \u2265\u200960 years old with brain metastasis who underwent SRS. Frailty was assessed using the modified Frailty Index (mFI), derived from 11 clinical conditions. The primary outcomes were in-hospital mortality, length of hospital stay (LOS), total hospital costs, and 30-day and 90-day readmission rates. Logistic and linear regression models were used to assess the association between frailty and outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 904 patients (mean age: 71 years, 53% male) were included, of which 17.5% were defined as frail. After adjusting for demographic, clinical, and hospital-related factors, frailty was significantly associated with increased in-hospital mortality (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]\u2009=\u20092.39, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.16\u20134.92), longer LOS (adjusted Beta [aBeta]\u2009=\u20092.61 days, 95% CI: 1.95\u20133.28), higher total costs (aBeta = $36.04 thousand USD, 95% CI: 28.84\u201343.23), and higher 30-day readmission rate (aOR\u2009=\u20091.47, 95% CI: 1.02\u20132.11).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Frailty independently predicts poorer outcomes in older adults undergoing SRS for brain metastasis, including higher mortality, longer hospital stays, increased hospital costs, and increased 30-day readmission rate. These findings highlight the importance of incorporating frailty-informed risk stratification and perioperative care planning to optimize patient outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Trial registration number<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Not applicable.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13014-025-02750-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,28]],"date-time":"2025-11-28T03:25:09Z","timestamp":1764300309000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Impact of frailty on outcomes of inpatient stereotactic radiosurgery for brain metastasis: a national readmission database analysis 2016\u20132020"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Ryan Wing Yuk","family":"Chan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chien-Kai","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wei-Lun","family":"Lo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tu-Hsueh","family":"Yeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Niramol","family":"Savaraj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lynn G.","family":"Feun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shu-Mei","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"2750_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-018-0055-y","volume":"5","author":"AS Achrol","year":"2019","unstructured":"Achrol AS, Rennert RC, Anders C, et al. 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