{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,2]],"date-time":"2026-11-02T08:59:13Z","timestamp":1793609953262,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]],"date-time":"2026-07-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784592000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]],"date-time":"2026-08-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786665600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":24,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Radiat Oncol"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s13014-026-02893-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]],"date-time":"2026-07-21T15:45:57Z","timestamp":1784648757000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Stereotactic radiosurgery using a self-shielded gyroscopic radiosurgery system for meningiomas: technical aspects and dosimetric results"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Yongsook C.","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rupesh","family":"Kotecha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert H.","family":"Press","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Noah S.","family":"Kalman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew D.","family":"Hall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D. Jay","family":"Wieczorek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ranjini","family":"Tolakanahalli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Minesh P.","family":"Mehta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael W.","family":"McDermott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alonso N.","family":"Gutierrez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"2893_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e14589","DOI":"10.1002\/acm2.14589","volume":"26","author":"YC Lee","year":"2025","unstructured":"Lee YC, Tolakanahalli R, Wieczorek DJ, Mehta MP, McDermott MW, Kotecha R, et al. Routine machine quality assurance tests for a self-shielded gyroscopic radiosurgery system. J Appl Clin Med Phys. 2025;26(4):e14589.","journal-title":"J Appl Clin Med Phys"},{"issue":"11","key":"2893_CR2","first-page":"e1889","volume":"9","author":"CH Jenkins","year":"2017","unstructured":"Jenkins CH, Kahn R, Weidlich GA, Adler JR. Radiosurgical treatment verification using removable megavoltage radiation detectors. Cureus. 2017;9(11):e1889.","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"issue":"12","key":"2893_CR3","first-page":"e1917","volume":"9","author":"GA Weidlich","year":"2017","unstructured":"Weidlich GA, Schneider MB, Adler JR. Self-shielding analysis of the Zap-X system. Cureus. 2017;9(12):e1917.","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"issue":"2","key":"2893_CR4","first-page":"e2146","volume":"10","author":"GA Weidlich","year":"2018","unstructured":"Weidlich GA, Scheider MB, Adler JR. Characterization of a novel revolving radiation collimator. Cureus. 2018;10(2):e2146.","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"issue":"3","key":"2893_CR5","first-page":"e13972","volume":"13","author":"GA Weidlich","year":"2021","unstructured":"Weidlich GA, Chung W, Kolli S, Thirunarayana I, Loysel T. Characterization of the Zap-X peripheral dose fall-off. Cureus. 2021;13(3):e13972.","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"issue":"5","key":"2893_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"506","DOI":"10.1097\/HP.0000000000001465","volume":"121","author":"Q Cao","year":"2021","unstructured":"Cao Q, Tan J, Ren Y, Xiong W, Wei X, Cheng W. Evaluation of radiation shielding requirements and self-shielding characteristics for a novel radiosurgery system. Health Phys. 2021;121(5):506\u201312.","journal-title":"Health Phys"},{"issue":"5","key":"2893_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2494","DOI":"10.1002\/mp.14740","volume":"48","author":"SP Srivastava","year":"2021","unstructured":"Srivastava SP, Jani SS, Pinnaduwage DS, Yan X, Rogers L, Barranco FD, et al. Treatment planning system and beam data validation for the Zap-X: a novel self-shielded stereotactic radiosurgery system. Med Phys. 2021;48(5):2494\u2013510.","journal-title":"Med Phys"},{"issue":"10","key":"2893_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6121","DOI":"10.1002\/mp.15091","volume":"48","author":"DS Pinnaduwage","year":"2021","unstructured":"Pinnaduwage DS, Srivastava SP, Yan X, Jani SS, Jenkins C, Barani IJ, et al. Small-field beam data acquisition, detector dependency and film-based validation for a novel self-shielded stereotactic radiosurgery system. Med Phys. 2021;48(10):6121\u201336.","journal-title":"Med Phys"},{"issue":"12","key":"2893_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7733","DOI":"10.1002\/mp.15912","volume":"49","author":"SP Sorensen","year":"2022","unstructured":"Sorensen SP, Jani SS, Pinnaduwage DS, Yan X, Srivastava SP. Technical note: absolute dose measurements of a vault-free radiosurgery system. Med Phys. 2022;49(12):7733\u201341.","journal-title":"Med Phys"},{"issue":"3","key":"2893_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e13857","DOI":"10.1002\/acm2.13857","volume":"24","author":"SP Srivastava","year":"2023","unstructured":"Srivastava SP, Sorensen SP, Jani SS, Yan X, Pinnaduwage DS. Machine performance and stability of the first clinical self-shielded stereotactic radiosurgery system: Initial 2-year experience. J Appl Clin Med Phys. 2023;24(3):e13857.","journal-title":"J Appl Clin Med Phys"},{"issue":"8","key":"2893_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5212","DOI":"10.1002\/mp.16436","volume":"50","author":"C Stapper","year":"2023","unstructured":"Stapper C, Gerlach S, Hofmann T, F\u00fcrweger C, Schlaefer A. Automated isocenter optimization approach for treatment planning for gyroscopic radiosurgery. Med Phys. 2023;50(8):5212\u201321.","journal-title":"Med Phys"},{"issue":"6","key":"2893_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4423","DOI":"10.1002\/mp.17111","volume":"51","author":"PR Jermain","year":"2024","unstructured":"Jermain PR, Muir B, McEwen M, Niu Y, Pang D. Accurate machine-specific reference and small-field dosimetry for a self-shielded neuro-radiosurgical system. Med Phys. 2024;51(6):4423\u201333.","journal-title":"Med Phys"},{"issue":"7","key":"2893_CR13","first-page":"e88922","volume":"17","author":"A Zheng","year":"2025","unstructured":"Zheng A, Kong T, Zheng A, Kong X, Wu X, Wolf A. A beam orientation quality assurance framework for gyroscopic stereotactic radiosurgery systems. Cureus. 2025;17(7):e88922.","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"issue":"4","key":"2893_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E351","DOI":"10.1093\/neuros\/nyaa550","volume":"88","author":"L Pan","year":"2021","unstructured":"Pan L, Qu B, Bai J, Huang L, Wang J, Wang C, et al. The Zap-X radiosurgery system in the treatment of intracranial tumors: A technical case report. Neurosurgery. 2021;88(4):E351\u20135.","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"issue":"5","key":"2893_CR15","first-page":"e8324","volume":"12","author":"P Romanelli","year":"2022","unstructured":"Romanelli P, Chuang C, Meola A, Bodduluri RM, Adler JR. Zap-X A novel radiosurgical device for treatment of trigeminal neuralgia. Cureus. 2022;12(5):e8324.","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"2893_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e420","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2022.04.120","volume":"164","author":"A Muacevic","year":"2022","unstructured":"Muacevic A, Eder MM, Hofmann T, F\u00fcrweger C, Ehret F. Self-shielding gyroscopic radiosurgery \u2013 A first clinical experience, case series, and dosimetric comparison. World Neurosurg. 2022;164:e420\u20136.","journal-title":"World Neurosurg"},{"issue":"3","key":"2893_CR17","first-page":"e56035","volume":"16","author":"F Ehret","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ehret F, Kohlhase N, Eftimova D, Hofmann T, F\u00fcrweger C, Haidenberger A, et al. Self-shielding gyroscopic radiosurgery: A prospective experience and analysis of the first 100 patients. Cureus. 2024;16(3):e56035.","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"issue":"12","key":"2893_CR18","first-page":"e98320","volume":"17","author":"T Chen","year":"2025","unstructured":"Chen T, Pema P, Chaga M, Feng W, Wang T, Conti D, et al. ZAP-X stereotactic radiosurgery: The initial experience involving 200 patients. Cureus. 2025;17(12):e98320.","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"issue":"7","key":"2893_CR19","first-page":"e88553","volume":"17","author":"DR Conroy","year":"2025","unstructured":"Conroy DR, Woody SM, Niu YE, Yuan YE, Unger K, Satinsky AA, et al. Gyroscopic stereotactic radiosurgery: A retrospective analysis. Cureus. 2025;17(7):e88553.","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"issue":"7","key":"2893_CR20","first-page":"e87094","volume":"17","author":"M Chaga","year":"2025","unstructured":"Chaga M, Chen T, Feng W, Pema P, Shah H, Wang T, et al. ZAP-X stereotactic radiosurgery for optic nerve sheath meningioma: A case report. Cureus. 2025;17(7):e87094.","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"issue":"6","key":"2893_CR21","first-page":"e86427","volume":"17","author":"J Bai","year":"2025","unstructured":"Bai J, Wang J, Wang C, Dai X, Yu W, Pan L, et al. Zap-X radiosurgery for skull base meningiomas: A long-term follow-up case report. Cureus. 2025;17(6):e86427.","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"issue":"1","key":"2893_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2024.12.003","volume":"22","author":"HK Perlow","year":"2025","unstructured":"Perlow HK, Raleigh DR, Wang TJC, Pollom E, Milano M, Breen WG, et al. Consensus Radiation Treatment Planning Guidelines Using (68)Ga-TOTATATE PET\/CT For Resected Meningiomas. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2025;22(1):150\u20138.","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"issue":"4","key":"2893_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1533","DOI":"10.1002\/mp.13440","volume":"46","author":"J Sj\u00f6lund","year":"2019","unstructured":"Sj\u00f6lund J, Riad S, Hennix M, Nordstr\u00f6m H. A linear programming approach to inverse planning in Gamma Knife radiosurgery. Med Phys. 2019;46(4):1533\u201344.","journal-title":"Med Phys"},{"issue":"11","key":"2893_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e14088","DOI":"10.1002\/acm2.14088","volume":"24","author":"YC Lee","year":"2023","unstructured":"Lee YC, Wieczorek DJ, Chaswal V, Kotecha R, Hall MD, Tom MC, et al. A study on inter-planner plan quality variability using a manual planning- or Lightning dose optimizer-approach for single brain lesions treated with the Gamma Knife\u00ae Icon\u2122. J Appl Clin Med Phys. 2023;24(11):e14088.","journal-title":"J Appl Clin Med Phys"},{"issue":"4","key":"2893_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e53","DOI":"10.1002\/mp.12810","volume":"45","author":"M Miften","year":"2018","unstructured":"Miften M, Olch A, Mihailidis D, Moran J, Pawlicki T, Molineu A, et al. Tolerance limits and methodologies for IMRT measurement-based verification QA: Recommendations of AAPM Task Group 218. Med Phys. 2018;45(4):e53\u201383.","journal-title":"Med Phys"},{"key":"2893_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1580","DOI":"10.3171\/2022.8.JNS22422","volume":"138","author":"EJ Lee","year":"2023","unstructured":"Lee EJ, Chung H, Park H, Kim JW, Kim DG, Paek SH. Factors associated with radiation toxicity and long-term tumor control more than 10 years after Gamma Knife surgery for non-skull base, nonperioptic benign supratentorial meningiomas. J Neurosurg. 2023;138:1580\u201390.","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"issue":"3","key":"2893_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"949","DOI":"10.4103\/jcrt.jcrt_36_24","volume":"20","author":"R Singh","year":"2024","unstructured":"Singh R, Robert N, Madan R, Kumar N, Tewari MK, Dhandapani S, et al. Analysis of the treatment planning metrics and their correlation with morphology of intracranial lesions in Gamma Knife stereotactic radiosurgery. J Cancer Res Thera. 2024;20(3):949\u201358.","journal-title":"J Cancer Res Thera"},{"key":"2893_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1007\/s00701-014-2272-9","volume":"157","author":"D Kaul","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kaul D, Badakhashi H, Gevaert T, Pasemann D, Budash V, Tulaesca C, et al. Dosimetric comparison of different treatment modalities for stereotactic radiosurgery of meningioma. Acta Neurochir. 2015;157:559\u201364.","journal-title":"Acta Neurochir"},{"issue":"5","key":"2893_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1120\/jacmp.v14i5.4280","volume":"14","author":"VW Wu","year":"2013","unstructured":"Wu VW, Tam KW, Tong SM. Evaluation of the influence of tumor location and size on the difference of dose calculation between Ray Tracing algorithm and Fast Monte Carlo algorithm in stereotactic body radiotherapy of non-small cell lung cancer using CyberKnife. J Appl Clin Med Phys. 2013;14(5):68\u201378.","journal-title":"J Appl Clin Med Phys"}],"container-title":["Radiation Oncology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s13014-026-02893-y","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13014-026-02893-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13014-026-02893-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]],"date-time":"2026-08-14T02:27:59Z","timestamp":1786674479000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1186\/s13014-026-02893-y"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["2893"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13014-026-02893-y","relation":{},"ISSN":["1748-717X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1748-717X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]]},"assertion":[{"value":"19 January 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"13 July 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"21 July 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"This study was approved by the institutional review board of Herbert Wertheim Cancer Institute, Baptist Health South Florida (approval number: 2359913-1) and was conducted in accordance with the ethical standards of the committee and the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments. Our institutional review board has made the following determination: the conditions for a waiver of informed consent have been met.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Consent for publication","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"YCL received speaker honorarium from ZAP Surgical Systems, Inc. RK received personal fees from Accuray, Inc., Elekta AB, ViewRay, Inc., Novacure, Inc., Elsevier, Inc., Brainlab, Kazia Therapeutics and Castle Biosciences, Inc. and received institutional research funding from Medtronic, Inc., Blue Earth Diagnostics Ltd., Novacure, Inc., GT Medical Technologies, AstraZeneca, Exelixis, ViewRay, Inc., Brainlab, Cantex Pharmaceuticals and Kazia Therapeutics. MDH received Grants 8LA04 and 22L01, Live Like Bella Pediatric Cancer Research Initiative, Florida Department of Health. RT has an ownership interest (stock) in Siemens Healthineers. MPM received consulting fees from Karyopharm Therapeutics, Sapience Therapeutics, ZAP Surgical Systems, Inc., Mevion Medical Systems, Xoft, Inc. and Kazia Therapeutics and is a board of directors in Oncoceutics, Inc. and has an ownership interest (stock) in Chimerix, Inc. MWM received consulting fees from Stryker and has an ownership interest (stock) in Diende Medical and ZAP Surgical Systems, Inc. ANG received personal fees from Elekta AB, ViewRay, Inc., IBA AB and Accuray, Inc., and has an ownership interest in Atlantic Health Solutions (uPlanTM).","order":3,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}],"article-number":"108"}}