{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T01:05:41Z","timestamp":1793495141790,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,3]],"date-time":"2021-07-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1625270400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,3]],"date-time":"2021-07-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1625270400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003297","name":"Scientific Institute for Quality of Healthcare, Radboud Universitair Medisch Centrum","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003297","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["World J Emerg Surg"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Small bowel obstruction (SBO) is a common surgical emergency, causing high morbidity and healthcare costs. The majority of SBOs are caused by adhesions that result from previous surgeries. Bowel obstruction, however, also occurs in patients without previous operation or known pathology, a so called virgin abdomen. It is unknown if small bowel obstruction in the virgin abdomen (SBO-VA) can be managed according to the same principles as other cases of small bowel obstruction. The aim of this position paper is to evaluate the available evidence on etiology and management of small bowel obstruction in the virgin abdomen.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This is a narrative review with scoping aspects. Clinical topics covered in this review include epidemiology and etiology of SBO-VA, diagnosis and imaging, initial assessment, the role of surgical management in SBO-VA, and the role of non-operative management in SBO-VA.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our scoping search revealed seven original studies reporting original patient data related to SBO-VA. All the included studies are retrospective cohorts, with populations ranging between 44 and 103 patients with SBO-VA. Adhesions were found to be the cause of the obstruction in approximately half of the reported cases of SBO-VA. A relatively high number of cases of SBO-VA were managed surgically with studies reporting 39\u201383%. However, in cases where a trial of non-operative management was started, this was generally successful.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The data available suggest that etiology and treatment results for patients with SBO-VA are largely comparable to the results in patients with SBO after previous abdominal surgery. We therefore propose that patients with a virgin abdomen could be treated according to existing guidelines for SBO and adhesive small bowel obstruction.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13017-021-00379-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,3]],"date-time":"2021-07-03T10:02:54Z","timestamp":1625306574000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":68,"title":["Diagnosis and management of small bowel obstruction in virgin abdomen: a WSES position paper"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Yousef","family":"Amara","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ari","family":"Leppaniemi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fausto","family":"Catena","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luca","family":"Ansaloni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Sugrue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gustavo P.","family":"Fraga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Federico","family":"Coccolini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Walter L.","family":"Biffl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew B.","family":"Peitzman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoram","family":"Kluger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Massimo","family":"Sartelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ernest E.","family":"Moore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Salomone","family":"Di Saverio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Esfo","family":"Darwish","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chikako","family":"Endo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Harry","family":"van Goor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4012-7968","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Richard P.","family":"ten Broek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"379_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"f5588","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.f5588","volume":"347","author":"RP ten Broek","year":"2013","unstructured":"ten Broek RP, Issa Y, van Santbrink EJ, et al. Burden of adhesions in abdominal and pelvic surgery: systematic review and met-analysis. Bmj. 2013;347:f5588.","journal-title":"Bmj"},{"issue":"6","key":"379_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1225","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2015.06.008","volume":"53","author":"RM Gore","year":"2015","unstructured":"Gore RM, Silvers RI, Thakrar KH, Wenzke DR, Mehta UK, Newmark GM, et al. Bowel obstruction. Radiol Clin North Am. 2015;53(6):1225\u201340. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.rcl.2015.06.008.","journal-title":"Radiol Clin North Am."},{"issue":"8","key":"379_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1877","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/deh321","volume":"19","author":"AM Lower","year":"2004","unstructured":"Lower AM, Hawthorn RJ, Clark D, Boyd JH, Finlayson AR, Knight AD, et al. Adhesion-related readmissions following gynaecological laparoscopy or laparotomy in Scotland: an epidemiological study of 24 046 patients. Hum Reprod. 2004;19(8):1877\u201385. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/humrep\/deh321.","journal-title":"Hum Reprod."},{"key":"379_CR4","unstructured":"NELA Project Team. Sixth Patient Report of the National Emergency Laparotomy Audit. London: RCoA;\u00a0 2020."},{"issue":"2","key":"379_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"W105","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.10.4998","volume":"198","author":"CP Mullan","year":"2012","unstructured":"Mullan CP, Siewert B, Eisenberg RL. Small bowel obstruction. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2012;198(2):W105\u201317. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2214\/AJR.10.4998.","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol."},{"issue":"2","key":"379_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjsurg.2013.09.034","volume":"208","author":"C Beardsley","year":"2014","unstructured":"Beardsley C, Furtado R, Mosse C, Gananadha S, Fergusson J, Jeans P, et al. Small bowel obstruction in the virgin abdomen: the need for a mandatory laparotomy explored. Am J Surg. 2014;208(2):243\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.amjsurg.2013.09.034.","journal-title":"Am J Surg."},{"issue":"1","key":"379_CR7","first-page":"60","volume":"72","author":"D Menzies","year":"1990","unstructured":"Menzies D, Ellis H. Intestinal obstruction from adhesions--how big is the problem? Ann R Coll Surg Engl. 1990;72(1):60\u20133.","journal-title":"Ann R Coll Surg Engl."},{"issue":"1","key":"379_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1186\/s13017-018-0185-2","volume":"13","author":"RPG Ten Broek","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ten Broek RPG, Krielen P, Di Saverio S, et al. Bologna guidelines for diagnosis and management of adhesive small bowel obstruction (ASBO): 2017 update of the evidence-based guidelines from the world society of emergency surgery ASBO working group. World J Emerg Surg. 2018;13(1):24. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13017-018-0185-2.","journal-title":"World J Emerg Surg."},{"issue":"1","key":"379_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yasu.2011.03.017","volume":"45","author":"MD Zielinski","year":"2011","unstructured":"Zielinski MD, Bannon MP. Current management of small bowel obstruction. Adv Surg. 2011;45(1):1\u201329. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.yasu.2011.03.017.","journal-title":"Adv Surg."},{"key":"379_CR10","first-page":"19","volume":"64","author":"C McCloy","year":"1998","unstructured":"McCloy C, Brown TC, Bolton JS, Bowen J, Fuhrman G. The etiology of intestinal obstruction in patients without prior laparotomy or hernia. Am Surg. 1998;64:19\u201322 discussion 22.","journal-title":"Am Surg"},{"issue":"1-2","key":"379_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1111\/ans.13714","volume":"88","author":"YY Ng","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ng YY, Ngu JC, Wong AS. Small bowel obstruction in the virgin abdomen: time to challenge surgical dogma with evidence. ANZ J Surg. 2018;88(1-2):91\u20134. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/ans.13714.","journal-title":"ANZ J Surg."},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"379_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1463-1318.2007.01343.x","volume":"9","author":"JJ Duron","year":"2007","unstructured":"Duron JJ. Postoperative intraperitoneal adhesion pathophysiology. Colorectal Dis. 2007;9(Suppl 2):14\u201324. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1463-1318.2007.01343.x.","journal-title":"Colorectal Dis."},{"issue":"2","key":"379_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1111\/wvn.12144","volume":"13","author":"H Khalil","year":"2016","unstructured":"Khalil H, Peters M, Godfrey CM, McInerney P, Soares CB, Parker D. An evidence-based approach to scoping reviews. Worldviews Evid Based Nurs. 2016;13(2):118\u201323. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/wvn.12144.","journal-title":"Worldviews Evid Based Nurs."},{"issue":"1","key":"379_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1080\/1364557032000119616","volume":"8","author":"H Arksey","year":"2005","unstructured":"Arksey H, O'Malley L. Scoping studies: towards a methodological framework. Int J Soc Res Methodol. 2005;8(1):19\u201332.","journal-title":"Int J Soc Res Methodol"},{"issue":"1","key":"379_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1186\/s13017-018-0208-z","volume":"13","author":"E Ozturk","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ozturk E, van Iersel M, Stommel MM, Schoon Y, Ten Broek RR, van Goor H. Small bowel obstruction in the elderly: a plea for comprehensive acute geriatric care. World J Emerg Surg. 2018;13(1):48. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13017-018-0208-z.","journal-title":"World J Emerg Surg."},{"issue":"2","key":"379_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.1097\/TA.0000000000001736","volume":"84","author":"MC Hernandez","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hernandez MC, Haddad NN, Cullinane DC, Yeh DD, Wydo S, Inaba K, et al. The American Association for the Surgery of Trauma Severity Grade is valid and generalizable in adhesive small bowel obstruction. J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2018;84(2):372\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/TA.0000000000001736.","journal-title":"J Trauma Acute Care Surg."},{"issue":"1","key":"379_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1016\/j.surg.2017.01.023","volume":"162","author":"H Mori","year":"2017","unstructured":"Mori H, Kaneoka Y, Maeda A, Takayama Y, Takahashi T, Onoe S, et al. Determination of therapeutic strategy for adhesive small bowel obstruction using water-soluble contrast agents: An audit of 776 cases in a single center. Surgery. 2017;162(1):139\u201346. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.surg.2017.01.023.","journal-title":"Surgery."},{"issue":"10","key":"379_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1038","DOI":"10.1177\/000313481608201040","volume":"82","author":"FR Tavangari","year":"2016","unstructured":"Tavangari FR, Batech M, Collins JC, Tejirian T. Small bowel obstructions in a virgin abdomen: is an operation mandatory? Am Surg. 2016;82(10):1038\u201342. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/000313481608201040.","journal-title":"Am Surg."},{"key":"379_CR19","first-page":"5","volume":"577","author":"H Ellis","year":"1997","unstructured":"Ellis H. The clinical significance of adhesions: focus on intestinal obstruction. Eur J Surg Suppl. 1997;577:5\u20139.","journal-title":"Eur J Surg Suppl."},{"issue":"2","key":"379_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(16)56507-8","volume":"61","author":"GS diZerega","year":"1994","unstructured":"diZerega GS. Contemporary adhesion prevention. Fertil Steril. 1994;61(2):219\u201335.","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"379_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1463-1318.2007.01358.x","volume":"9","author":"H van Goor","year":"2007","unstructured":"van Goor H. Consequences and complications of peritoneal adhesions. Colorectal Dis. 2007;9(Suppl 2):25\u201334. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1463-1318.2007.01358.x.","journal-title":"Colorectal Dis."},{"issue":"5","key":"379_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"810","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-195511000-00006","volume":"142","author":"JF Perry Jr","year":"1955","unstructured":"Perry JF Jr, Smith GA, Yonehiro EG. Intestinal obstruction caused by adhesions; a review of 388 cases. Ann Surg. 1955;142(5):810\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00000658-195511000-00006.","journal-title":"Ann Surg."},{"issue":"1","key":"379_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1186\/s12893-016-0196-4","volume":"16","author":"KH Yang","year":"2016","unstructured":"Yang KH, Lee TB, Lee SH, Kim SH, Cho YH, Kim HY. Congenital adhesion band causing small bowel obstruction: What\u2019s the difference in various age groups, pediatric and adult patients? BMC Surg. 2016;16(1):79.","journal-title":"BMC Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"379_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1097\/TA.0000000000001941","volume":"85","author":"ML Collom","year":"2018","unstructured":"Collom ML, Duane TM, Campbell-Furtick M, Moore BJ, Haddad NN, Zielinski MD, et al. Deconstructing dogma: Nonoperative management of small bowel obstruction in the virgin abdomen. J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2018;85(1):33\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/TA.0000000000001941.","journal-title":"J Trauma Acute Care Surg."},{"key":"379_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amsu.2018.11.007","volume":"36","author":"A Skoglar","year":"2018","unstructured":"Skoglar A, Gunnarsson U, Falk P. Band adhesions not related to previous abdominal surgery - a retrospective cohort analysis of risk factors. Ann Med Surg (Lond). 2018;36:185\u201390.","journal-title":"Ann Med Surg (Lond)"},{"issue":"3","key":"379_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjsurg.2019.02.011","volume":"218","author":"V Strajina","year":"2019","unstructured":"Strajina V, Kim BD, Zielinski MD. Small bowel obstruction in a virgin abdomen. Am J Surg. 2019;218(3):521\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.amjsurg.2019.02.011.","journal-title":"Am J Surg."},{"issue":"1","key":"379_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1007\/s00268-017-4174-5","volume":"42","author":"Y Fukami","year":"2018","unstructured":"Fukami Y, Kaneoka Y, Maeda A, Takayama Y, Takahashi T, Uji M. Clinical effect of water-soluble contrast agents for small bowel obstruction in the virgin abdomen. World J Surg. 2018;42(1):88\u201392. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00268-017-4174-5.","journal-title":"World J Surg."},{"issue":"1","key":"379_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1186\/s13017-019-0240-7","volume":"14","author":"F Catena","year":"2019","unstructured":"Catena F, De Simone B, Coccolini F, Di Saverio S, Sartelli M, Ansaloni L. Bowel obstruction: a narrative review for all physicians. World J Emerg Surg. 2019;14(1):20. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13017-019-0240-7.","journal-title":"World J Emerg Surg."},{"issue":"1","key":"379_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.14744\/tjtes.2019.61580","volume":"26","author":"S Destek","year":"2020","unstructured":"Destek S, Yabaci A, Abik YN, Gul VO, Deger KC. Predictive and prognostic value of L-lactate, D-dimer, leukocyte, C-reactive protein and neutrophil\/lymphocyte ratio in patients with acute mesenteric ischemia. Ulus Travma Acil Cerrahi Derg. 2020;26(1):86\u201394. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.14744\/tjtes.2019.61580.","journal-title":"Ulus Travma Acil Cerrahi Derg."},{"issue":"3","key":"379_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v9.i3.603","volume":"9","author":"SC Shih","year":"2003","unstructured":"Shih SC, Jeng KS, Lin SC, Kao CR, Chou SY, Wang HY, et al. Adhesive small bowel obstruction: how long can patients tolerate conservative treatment? World J Gastroenterol. 2003;9(3):603\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3748\/wjg.v9.i3.603.","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol."},{"issue":"6","key":"379_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"582","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2009.12.020","volume":"29","author":"A van Randen","year":"2011","unstructured":"van Randen A, Lameris W, Luitse JS, et al. The role of plain radiographs in patients with acute abdominal pain at the ED. Am J Emerg Med. 2011;29(6):582\u2013589.e582.","journal-title":"Am J Emerg Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"379_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1451","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.167.6.8956576","volume":"167","author":"DD Maglinte","year":"1996","unstructured":"Maglinte DD, Reyes BL, Harmon BH, Kelvin FM, Turner WW Jr, Hage JE, et al. Reliability and role of plain film radiography and CT in the diagnosis of small-bowel obstruction. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1996;167(6):1451\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2214\/ajr.167.6.8956576.","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol."},{"issue":"10","key":"379_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"922","DOI":"10.1177\/000313489906501005","volume":"65","author":"S Daneshmand","year":"1999","unstructured":"Daneshmand S, Hedley CG, Stain SC. The utility and reliability of computed tomography scan in the diagnosis of small bowel obstruction. Am Surg. 1999;65(10):922\u20136.","journal-title":"Am Surg."},{"issue":"6","key":"379_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1114","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjsurg.2015.06.012","volume":"211","author":"M Ceresoli","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ceresoli M, Coccolini F, Catena F, Montori G, di Saverio S, Sartelli M, et al. Water-soluble contrast agent in adhesive small bowel obstruction: a systematic review and meta-analysis of diagnostic and therapeutic value. Am J Surg. 2016;211(6):1114\u201325. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.amjsurg.2015.06.012.","journal-title":"Am J Surg."},{"issue":"4","key":"379_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"470","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.7019","volume":"97","author":"BC Branco","year":"2010","unstructured":"Branco BC, Barmparas G, Schnuriger B, Inaba K, Chan LS, Demetriades D. Systematic review and meta-analysis of the diagnostic and therapeutic role of water-soluble contrast agent in adhesive small bowel obstruction. Br J Surg. 2010;97(4):470\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/bjs.7019.","journal-title":"Br J Surg."},{"issue":"4","key":"379_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.5775","volume":"94","author":"SM Abbas","year":"2007","unstructured":"Abbas SM, Bissett IP, Parry BR. Meta-analysis of oral water-soluble contrast agent in the management of adhesive small bowel obstruction. Br J Surg. 2007;94(4):404\u201311. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/bjs.5775.","journal-title":"Br J Surg."},{"issue":"7","key":"379_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1253","DOI":"10.1007\/s00261-016-0656-4","volume":"41","author":"RA Makar","year":"2016","unstructured":"Makar RA, Bashir MR, Haystead CM, Iseman C, Mayes N, Hebert S, et al. Diagnostic performance of MDCT in identifying closed loop small bowel obstruction. Abdom Radiol (NY). 2016;41(7):1253\u201360. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00261-016-0656-4.","journal-title":"Abdom Radiol (NY)."},{"issue":"5","key":"379_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.1007\/s11604-020-00923-7","volume":"38","author":"J Zhou","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zhou J, Cong R, Shi J, Chen F, Zhu J, Xiao J, et al. Diagnostic significance of multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) in patients with small bowel obstruction: a meta-analysis. Jpn J Radiol. 2020;38(5):458\u201362. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11604-020-00923-7.","journal-title":"Jpn J Radiol."},{"issue":"3","key":"379_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1007\/s11604-011-0038-3","volume":"30","author":"M Idris","year":"2012","unstructured":"Idris M, Kashif N, Idris S, Memon WA, Tanveer UH, Haider Z. Accuracy of 64-slice multidetector computed tomography scan in detection of the point of transition of small bowel obstruction. Jpn J Radiol. 2012;30(3):235\u201341. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11604-011-0038-3.","journal-title":"Jpn J Radiol."},{"issue":"6","key":"379_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1068","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamcollsurg.2011.02.023","volume":"212","author":"MD Zielinski","year":"2011","unstructured":"Zielinski MD, Eiken PW, Heller SF, Lohse CM, Huebner M, Sarr MG, et al. Prospective, observational validation of a multivariate small-bowel obstruction model to predict the need for operative intervention. J Am Coll Surg. 2011;212(6):1068\u201376. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jamcollsurg.2011.02.023.","journal-title":"J Am Coll Surg."},{"issue":"3","key":"379_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1007\/s10140-005-0450-z","volume":"12","author":"B Petrovic","year":"2006","unstructured":"Petrovic B, Nikolaidis P, Hammond NA, Grant TH, Miller FH. Identification of adhesions on CT in small-bowel obstruction. Emerg Radiol. 2006;12(3):88\u201393; discussion 94-85. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10140-005-0450-z.","journal-title":"Emerg Radiol."},{"issue":"2","key":"379_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1007\/s11605-011-1736-y","volume":"16","author":"F Catena","year":"2012","unstructured":"Catena F, Ansaloni L, Di Saverio S, Pinna AD. World Society of Emergency S. P.O.P.A. study: prevention of postoperative abdominal adhesions by icodextrin 4% solution after laparotomy for adhesive small bowel obstruction. A prospective randomized controlled trial. J Gastrointest Surg. 2012;16(2):382\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11605-011-1736-y.","journal-title":"J Gastrointest Surg."},{"issue":"4","key":"379_CR43","first-page":"188","volume":"91","author":"H Omori","year":"2006","unstructured":"Omori H, Asahi H, Inoue Y, Irinoda T, Saito K, Wakabayashi G. Etiology of intestinal obstruction in patients without a prior history of laparotomy or a detectable external hernia on physical examination. Int Surg. 2006;91(4):188\u201393.","journal-title":"Int Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"379_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2015.418","volume":"111","author":"J Pan","year":"2016","unstructured":"Pan J, Xin L, Ma YF, Hu LH, Li ZS. Colonoscopy reduces colorectal cancer incidence and mortality in patients with non-malignant findings: a meta-analysis. Am J Gastroenterol. 2016;111(3):355\u201365. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/ajg.2015.418.","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol."},{"issue":"7","key":"379_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1232","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2018-317293","volume":"68","author":"C Senore","year":"2019","unstructured":"Senore C, Basu P, Anttila A, Ponti A, Tomatis M, Vale DB, et al. Performance of colorectal cancer screening in the European Union Member States: data from the second European screening report. Gut. 2019;68(7):1232\u201344. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/gutjnl-2018-317293.","journal-title":"Gut."}],"container-title":["World Journal of Emergency Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13017-021-00379-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s13017-021-00379-8\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13017-021-00379-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,2]],"date-time":"2023-01-02T17:32:02Z","timestamp":1672680722000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/wjes.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s13017-021-00379-8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,3]]},"references-count":45,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]}},"alternative-id":["379"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13017-021-00379-8","relation":{},"ISSN":["1749-7922"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1749-7922","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"15 April 2021","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"18 June 2021","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"3 July 2021","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"36"}}