{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,12]],"date-time":"2026-06-12T01:01:57Z","timestamp":1781226117186,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,27]],"date-time":"2026-04-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777248000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,12]],"date-time":"2026-06-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781222400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":46,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["World J Emerg Surg"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s13017-026-00699-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,27]],"date-time":"2026-04-27T03:51:24Z","timestamp":1777261884000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Impact of transportation methods on pediatric and adolescent severely injured vehicle occupants"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Fikri M.","family":"Abu-Zidan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David O.","family":"Alao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"699_CR1","unstructured":"World Health Organization. WHO Fact Sheets, Injuries and violence: 19 March 2021 [cited 2022 Nov 12]. https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/injuries-and-violence. Accessed 11 Feb 2023."},{"key":"699_CR2","unstructured":"United Nations Children\u2019s Fund (UNICEF). Protecting young lives: global status report on child and adolescent road safety (2025). https:\/\/www.unicef.org\/media\/167696\/file\/250214_ProtectingYoungLives_FullReport-FINAL.pdf. Accessed 18 Feb 2026."},{"key":"699_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e68636","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0068636","volume":"8","author":"M Grivna","year":"2013","unstructured":"Grivna M, Eid HO, Abu-Zidan FM. Pediatric and youth traffic-collision injuries in Al Ain, United Arab Emirates: a prospective study. PLoS ONE. 2013;8:e68636. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0068636.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"2","key":"699_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ta.0000197916.99629.eb","volume":"60","author":"B Celso","year":"2006","unstructured":"Celso B, Tepas J, Langland-Orban B, Pracht E, Papa L, Lottenberg L, Flint L. A systematic review and meta-analysis comparing outcome of severely injured patients treated in trauma centers following the establishment of trauma systems. J Trauma. 2006;60(2):371\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/01.ta.0000197916.99629.eb.","journal-title":"J Trauma"},{"key":"699_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1186\/s13017-022-00426-y","volume":"17","author":"YJ Yasin","year":"2022","unstructured":"Yasin YJ, Eid HO, Alao DO, Grivna M, Abu-Zidan FM. Reduction of motorcycle-related deaths over 15 years in a developing country. World J Emerg Surg. 2022;17:21. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13017-022-00426-y.","journal-title":"World J Emerg Surg"},{"key":"699_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1186\/s13017-020-00327-y","volume":"15","author":"DO Alao","year":"2020","unstructured":"Alao DO, Cevik AA, Eid HO, Jummani Z, Abu-Zidan FM. Trauma system developments reduce mortality in hospitalized trauma patients in Al-Ain City, United Arab Emirates, despite increased severity of injury. World J Emerg Surg. 2020;15:49. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13017-020-00327-y.","journal-title":"World J Emerg Surg"},{"key":"699_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-0500-3-187","volume":"3","author":"S Shaban","year":"2010","unstructured":"Shaban S, Eid HO, Barka E, Abu-Zidan FM. Towards a national trauma registry for the United Arab Emirates. BMC Res Notes. 2010;3:187. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1756-0500-3-187.","journal-title":"BMC Res Notes"},{"key":"699_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1186\/1749-7922-4-42","volume":"4","author":"S Shaban","year":"2009","unstructured":"Shaban S, Ashour M, Bashir M, El-Ashaal Y, Branicki F, Abu-Zidan FM. The long term effects of early analysis of a trauma registry. World J Emerg Surg. 2009;4:42. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1749-7922-4-42.","journal-title":"World J Emerg Surg"},{"key":"699_CR9","unstructured":"Abu Dhabi Statistics Centre. Abu Dhabi population in 2024 grows 7.5% to reach 4.14m https:\/\/scad.gov.ae\/. Accessed 16 Feb 2026."},{"key":"699_CR10","unstructured":"Census AD. Abu Dhabi population trends 2024. https:\/\/census.scad.gov.ae\/home\/population?tab=webreport&year=2024&lang=en&fid=0. [Accessed 16th February 2026]."},{"key":"699_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Hoff WS, Schwab CW. Trauma system development in North America. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2004;42217\u201322. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/01.blo.0000128292.43913.83.","DOI":"10.1097\/01.blo.0000128292.43913.83"},{"key":"699_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Banstola A, Gautam P, Smart G, Joshi SK, Mytton J. Prehospital emergency care for trauma victims in Nepal: a mixed-methods study [Internet]. Southampton (UK): National Institute for Health and Care Research; 2024. p. 40014747.","DOI":"10.3310\/TMTG2437"},{"key":"699_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"804","DOI":"10.1097\/00005373-199805000-00011","volume":"44","author":"CN Mock","year":"1998","unstructured":"Mock CN, Jurkovich GJ, nii-Amon-Kotei D, Arreola-Risa C, Maier RV. Trauma mortality patterns in three nations at different economic levels: implications for global trauma system development. J Trauma. 1998;44:804\u201312. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00005373-199805000-00011.","journal-title":"J Trauma"},{"key":"699_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"528","DOI":"10.1016\/j.surg.2024.03.031","volume":"176","author":"PG Delaney","year":"2024","unstructured":"Delaney PG, Eisner ZJ, Geduld H. The emergency burden in low and middle-income countries. Surgery. 2024;176:528\u201330. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.surg.2024.03.031.","journal-title":"Surgery"},{"key":"699_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"863","DOI":"10.1002\/wjs.12109","volume":"48","author":"DO Alao","year":"2024","unstructured":"Alao DO, Cevik AA, Al Shamsi F, Mousa H, Elnikety S, Benour M, et al. Preventable deaths in hospitalized trauma patients. World J Surg. 2024;48:863\u201370. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/wjs.12109.","journal-title":"World J Surg"},{"key":"699_CR16","unstructured":"Sasser S, Varghese M, Kellermann A, Lormand JD. Prehospital trauma care systems. Geneva. World Health Organization; 2005. pp. 21\u20138."},{"key":"699_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112285","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2025.112285","volume":"57","author":"T Nutbeam","year":"2026","unstructured":"Nutbeam T, Stassen W. The road injury chain of survival: a framework for improving trauma outcomes. Injury. 2026;57:112285. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.injury.2025.112285.","journal-title":"Injury"},{"key":"699_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1186\/s13049-025-01464-6","volume":"33","author":"N Aveyard","year":"2025","unstructured":"Aveyard N, Russam GS, Gluyas-Harris J, Nutbeam T. Bystander interventions and their impact on road injury outcomes: a scoping review. Scand J Trauma Resusc Emerg Med. 2025;33:198. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13049-025-01464-6.","journal-title":"Scand J Trauma Resusc Emerg Med"},{"key":"699_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1186\/s13017-023-00501-y","volume":"18","author":"DO Alao","year":"2023","unstructured":"Alao DO, Cevik AA, Abu-Zidan FM. Trauma deaths of hospitalized patients in Abu Dhabi Emirate: a retrospective descriptive study. World J Emerg Surg. 2023;18:31. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13017-023-00501-y.","journal-title":"World J Emerg Surg"},{"key":"699_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Marcin JP, Pollack MM. Triage scoring systems, severity of illness measures, and mortality prediction models in pediatric trauma. Crit Care Med. 2002;30(11 Suppl):S457-67. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00003246-200211001-00011. PMID: 12528788.","DOI":"10.1097\/00003246-200211001-00011"},{"key":"699_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1186\/s13017-023-00495-7","volume":"18","author":"FM Abu-Zidan","year":"2023","unstructured":"Abu-Zidan FM, Eid HO, Alao DO, Elbiss H. The changing epidemiology of trauma in child-bearing age women. World J Emerg Surg. 2023;18:25. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13017-023-00495-7.","journal-title":"World J Emerg Surg"},{"key":"699_CR22","unstructured":"Department of Health, Jawda Indicators Submission Guidelines. 2026, Prehospital Emergency Medical Service EMS Jawda Guidance_V1_2019 https:\/\/www.doh.gov.ae\/en\/programs-initiatives\/muashir\/jawda-indicators-submission-guidelines2026 [Accessed 24 February 2026]."},{"key":"699_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2921","DOI":"10.1002\/wjs.70019","volume":"49","author":"L Khan","year":"2025","unstructured":"Khan L, Karim A, Bey H, Alzaid SN, Al-Qadhi HA, Alabboudi YH, et al. Evaluating Gulf Cooperation Council Trauma Care Infrastructure: a scoping review of key components and gaps. World J Surg. 2025;49:2921\u201332. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/wjs.70019.","journal-title":"World J Surg"},{"key":"699_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112668","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2025.112668","volume":"56","author":"ZU Rehman","year":"2025","unstructured":"Rehman ZU, Ahmad N, Ahmed A, Hussain Shah SK, Anwer DI. How mode of evacuation, roadway environment, and traffic conditions relate to injury severity score? Untangling the role of pre-hospital time in road crashes. Injury. 2025;56:112668. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.injury.2025.112668.","journal-title":"Injury"},{"key":"699_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1186\/s12873-018-0158-5","volume":"18","author":"Y Abebe","year":"2018","unstructured":"Abebe Y, Dida T, Yisma E, Silvestri DM. Ambulance use is not associated with patient acuity after road traffic collisions: a cross-sectional study from Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. BMC Emerg Med. 2018;18:7. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12873-018-0158-5.","journal-title":"BMC Emerg Med"},{"key":"699_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1186\/s12873-024-01113-8","volume":"24","author":"S Ngekeng","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ngekeng S, Kibu O, Oke R, Bassah N, Touko DA, Yost MT, et al. Prehospital factors associated with mortality among road traffic injury patients: analysis of Cameroon trauma registry data. BMC Emerg Med. 2024;24:194. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12873-024-01113-8.","journal-title":"BMC Emerg Med"},{"key":"699_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Dar PMUD, Kaur S, Katiyar AK, Priyadarshani P, Kumar S, Gupta A, Sagar S. Prehospital care: Lessons learned from 311 mortalities at level I trauma center. Chin J Traumatol. 2025:S1008-1275(25)00116-6. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cjtee.2025.02.011","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cjtee.2025.02.011"},{"key":"699_CR28","unstructured":"Mock C, Lormand JD, Goosen J, Joshipura M, Peden M. Guidelines for essential trauma care. Geneva, World Health Organization; 2004. pp. 57\u201377."},{"key":"699_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2014.10.066","volume":"46","author":"FM Abu-Zidan","year":"2015","unstructured":"Abu-Zidan FM, Eid HO. Factors affecting injury severity of vehicle occupants following road traffic collisions. Injury. 2015;46:136\u201341. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.injury.2014.10.066.","journal-title":"Injury"},{"key":"699_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1186\/s13049-025-01524-x","volume":"33","author":"J Gluyas-Harris","year":"2025","unstructured":"Gluyas-Harris J, Russam GS, Aveyard N, Nutbeam T. On-scene predictors of injury severity, deterioration, and death following road injury: a systematic scoping review of information available to responders and its use in triage tools. Scand J Trauma Resusc Emerg Med. 2025;33:199. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13049-025-01524-x.","journal-title":"Scand J Trauma Resusc Emerg Med"},{"key":"699_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.1097\/TA.0000000000002713","volume":"89","author":"MC Mora","year":"2020","unstructured":"Mora MC, Veras L, Burke RV, Cassidy LD, Christopherson N, Cunningham A. Pediatric trauma triage: a pediatric trauma society research committee systematic review. J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2020;89:623\u201330. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/TA.0000000000002713.","journal-title":"J Trauma Acute Care Surg"},{"key":"699_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1186\/s13049-025-01455-7","volume":"33","author":"GS Russam","year":"2025","unstructured":"Russam GS, Gluyas-Harris J, Aveyard N, Nutbeam T. Triage of road injury casualties\u2014the role of bystanders: a scoping review. Scand J Trauma Resusc Emerg Med. 2025;33:142. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13049-025-01455-7.","journal-title":"Scand J Trauma Resusc Emerg Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"699_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111522","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2024.111522","volume":"56","author":"Global Prehospital Consortium","year":"2025","unstructured":"Global Prehospital Consortium. Challenges, opportunities, and priorities for tier-1 emergency medical services (EMS) development in low- and middle-income countries: A modified Delphi-based consensus study among the global prehospital consortium. Injury. 2025;56(1):111522. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.injury.2024.111522.","journal-title":"Injury"}],"container-title":["World Journal of Emergency Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s13017-026-00699-7","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13017-026-00699-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13017-026-00699-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,12]],"date-time":"2026-06-12T00:30:53Z","timestamp":1781224253000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1186\/s13017-026-00699-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,27]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["699"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13017-026-00699-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["1749-7922"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1749-7922","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,27]]},"assertion":[{"value":"1 March 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"20 April 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"27 April 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This study was approved by the Department of Health (DOH) of the Abu Dhabi Emirate. (Ref: DOH\/ADHRTC\/2025\/564). The patients or their caregivers gave their written informed consent to use their anonymous data for research.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"38"}}