{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T01:39:00Z","timestamp":1792546740984,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]],"date-time":"2026-07-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784851200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1792540800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":89,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["World J Emerg Surg"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s13017-026-00716-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]],"date-time":"2026-07-24T11:45:22Z","timestamp":1784893522000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Negative pressure wound therapy for the prevention of surgical site complications in emergency laparotomies: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6888-5595","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlos Eduardo","family":"Rey Chaves","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2343-9652","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Claudia Milena","family":"Orozco Chamorro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1929-2299","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Camilo","family":"Ram\u00edrez-Giraldo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7560-551X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonio","family":"Pesce","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan Pablo","family":"Blanco-Pulido","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David Guillermo","family":"G\u00f3mez Garnica","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7809-7365","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jorge Andr\u00e9s","family":"Guti\u00e9rrez Segura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"716_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(10)61458-4","volume":"377","author":"B Allegranzi","year":"2011","unstructured":"Allegranzi B, Nejad B, Graafmans W, Phd A, Donaldson L, Pittet D, et al. Articles Burden of endemic health-care-associated infection in developing countries: systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet [Internet]. 2011;377:228\u201369. Available from: www.thelancet.com.","journal-title":"Lancet [Internet]"},{"key":"716_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lee JT, Audrey Adams MB, W Chinn RY, Memorial Hospital San Diego S, Alfred DeMaria C, Forlenza SW, et al. Guideline for prevention of surgical site infection, 1999 [Internet]. 1999. Available from: https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/ncidod\/hip.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0196-6553(99)70094-5"},{"key":"716_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jss.2025.10.043","volume":"316","author":"MD Cobler-Lichter","year":"2025","unstructured":"Cobler-Lichter MD, Delamater JM, Weiss ZM, Fastiggi M, Collie BL, Lyons NB, et al. Machine learning models accurately predict surgical site infection after emergent trauma laparotomy. J Surg Res. 2025;316:158\u201368.","journal-title":"J Surg Res"},{"key":"716_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Madsen M, Skovsen AP, Tolstrup MB. Low rate of surgical site infection after primary wound closure in emergency abdominal surgery. ANZ J Surg. 2025.","DOI":"10.1111\/ans.70437"},{"key":"716_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Badia JM, Casey AL, Petrosillo N, Hudson PM, Mitchell SA, Crosby C. Impact of surgical site infection on healthcare costs and patient outcomes: a systematic review in six European countries. J Hosp Infect. 2017;96:1\u201315.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2017.03.004"},{"issue":"1","key":"716_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1001\/jamasurg.2019.4539","volume":"155","author":"WJ O\u2019Brien","year":"2020","unstructured":"O\u2019Brien WJ, Gupta K, Itani KMF. Association of postoperative infection with risk of long-term infection and mortality. JAMA Surg. 2020;155(1):61\u20138.","journal-title":"JAMA Surg"},{"key":"716_CR7","unstructured":"Leaper DJ, Van Goor H, Reilly J, Petrosillo N, Geiss HK, Torres AJ et al. Surgical site infection-a European perspective of incidence and economic burden."},{"issue":"5","key":"716_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2008.12.010","volume":"37","author":"G de Lissovoy","year":"2009","unstructured":"de Lissovoy G, Fraeman K, Hutchins V, Murphy D, Song D, Vaughn BB. Surgical site infection: Incidence and impact on hospital utilization and treatment costs. Am J Infect Control. 2009;37(5):387\u201397.","journal-title":"Am J Infect Control"},{"issue":"5","key":"716_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"860","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aet487","volume":"112","author":"M Vester-Andersen","year":"2014","unstructured":"Vester-Andersen M, Lundstrom LH, Moller MH, Waldau T, Rosenberg J, Moller AM. Mortality and postoperative care pathways after emergency gastrointestinal surgery in 2904 patients: A population-based cohort study. Br J Anaesth. 2014;112(5):860\u201370.","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"key":"716_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ng ZQ, Weber D. One-year outcomes following emergency laparotomy: a systematic review. World J Surg. 2022;46:512\u201323.","DOI":"10.1007\/s00268-021-06385-w"},{"issue":"9","key":"716_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1942","DOI":"10.1007\/s11605-022-05372-3","volume":"26","author":"AT Ylimartimo","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ylimartimo AT, Lahtinen S, Nurkkala J, Koskela M, Kaakinen T, Vakkala M, et al. Long-term outcomes after emergency laparotomy: a retrospective study. J Gastrointest Surg. 2022;26(9):1942\u201350.","journal-title":"J Gastrointest Surg"},{"issue":"8","key":"716_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1028","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2017.05.027","volume":"70","author":"GE Glass","year":"2017","unstructured":"Glass GE, Murphy GRF, Nanchahal J. Does negative-pressure wound therapy influence subjacent bacterial growth? A systematic review. J Plast Reconstr Aesthetic Surg. 2017;70(8):1028\u201337.","journal-title":"J Plast Reconstr Aesthetic Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"716_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1007\/s12013-014-9953-0","volume":"70","author":"D Liu","year":"2014","unstructured":"Liu D, Zhang L, Li T, Wang G, Du H, Hou H, et al. Negative-pressure wound therapy enhances local inflammatory responses in acute infected soft-tissue wound. Cell Biochem Biophys. 2014;70(1):539\u201347.","journal-title":"Cell Biochem Biophys"},{"issue":"5","key":"716_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1214","DOI":"10.1111\/iwj.13197","volume":"16","author":"Z Li","year":"2019","unstructured":"Li Z, Yu Q, Wang S, Wang G, Li T, Tang P, fu, et al. Impact of negative-pressure wound therapy on bacterial behaviour and bioburden in a contaminated full-thickness wound. Int Wound J. 2019;16(5):1214\u201321.","journal-title":"Int Wound J"},{"key":"716_CR15","unstructured":"National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE). PICO negative pressure wound dressings for closed surgical incisions. MTG43; 2019."},{"key":"716_CR16","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Global guidelines for the prevention of surgical site infection. 2nd ed. WHO; 2018."},{"key":"716_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lakhani A, Jamel W, Riddiough GE, Cabalag CS, Stevens S, Liu DS. Prophylactic negative pressure wound dressings reduces wound complications following emergency laparotomies: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Surgery. 2022;172:949\u201354.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.surg.2022.05.020"},{"key":"716_CR18","unstructured":"Higgins JPT, Thomas J, Chandler J, Cumpston M, Li T, Page MJ, et al. editors. (s). Cochrane handbook for systematic reviews of interventions version 6.5 (updated August 2024). Cochrane, 2024. Available from https:\/\/www.cochrane.org\/handbook."},{"key":"716_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Page MJ, McKenzie JE, Bossuyt PM, Boutron I, Hoffmann TC, Mulrow CD et al. The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. BMJ. 2021;372.","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.n71"},{"key":"716_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ouzzani M, Hammady H, Fedorowicz Z, Elmagarmid A. Rayyan-a web and mobile app for systematic reviews. Syst Rev. 2016;5(1):1\u201310. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13643-016-0384-4.","DOI":"10.1186\/s13643-016-0384-4"},{"key":"716_CR21","unstructured":"GRADEpro GDT. GRADEpro Guideline Development Tool [Software]. McMaster University and Evidence Prime, 2023. Available from gradepro.org."},{"key":"716_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hozo SP, Djulbegovic B, Hozo I. Estimating the mean and variance from the median, range, and the size of a sample. BMC Med Res Methodol. 2005;5.","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2288-5-13"},{"key":"716_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wan X, Wang W, Liu J, Tong T. Estimating the sample mean and standard deviation from the sample size, median, range and\/or interquartile range. BMC Med Res Methodol. 2014;2014. http:\/\/www.biomedcentral.com\/1471-2288\/14\/135.","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2288-14-135"},{"key":"716_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Harrer M, Cuijpers P, Furukawa TA, Ebert DD, Doing Meta-Analysis With R. A Hands-On Guide [Internet]. 1st ed. Boca Raton, FL and London: Chapman & Hall\/CRC Press; 2021. Available from: https:\/\/www.routledge.com\/Doing-Meta-Analysis-with-R-A-Hands-On-Guide\/Harrer-Cuijpers-Furukawa-Ebert\/p\/book\/9780367610074.","DOI":"10.1201\/9781003107347"},{"key":"716_CR25","unstructured":"Lozano-Balderas G, Ruiz-Velasco-Santacruz A, Jos\u00b4 J, Antonio J, Iaz-Elizondo D\u00b4, Antonio G, Omez-Navarro J et al. Surgical site infection rate drops to 0% using a vacuum-assisted closure in contaminated\/ dirty infected laparotomy wounds."},{"issue":"1","key":"716_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjsurg.2017.08.009","volume":"215","author":"E Schurtz","year":"2018","unstructured":"Schurtz E, Differding J, Jacobson E, Maki C, Ahmeti M. Evaluation of negative pressure wound therapy to closed laparotomy incisions in acute care surgery. Am J Surg. 2018;215(1):113\u20135.","journal-title":"Am J Surg"},{"key":"716_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Andrade EG, Guerra JJ, Punch L. A multi-modal approach to closing exploratory laparotomies including high-risk wounds. Cureus. 2020.","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.9087"},{"issue":"5","key":"716_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.5604\/01.3001.0014.9759","volume":"93","author":"A Garg","year":"2021","unstructured":"Garg A, Jayant S, Gupta AK, Bansal LK, Wani A, Chaudhary P. Comparison of closed incision negative pressure wound therapy with conventional dressing in reducing wound complications in emergency laparotomy. Pol J Surg. 2021;93(5):26\u201333.","journal-title":"Pol J Surg"},{"issue":"5","key":"716_CR29","first-page":"1568","volume":"170","author":"JN Cheong Chung","year":"2021","unstructured":"Cheong Chung JN, Ali O, Hawthornthwaite E, Watkinson T, Blyth U, McKigney N, et al. Closed incision negative pressure wound therapy is associated with reduced surgical site infection after emergency laparotomy: a propensity matched\u2013cohort analysis. Surgury (United States). 2021;170(5):1568\u201373.","journal-title":"Surg (United States)"},{"key":"716_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2021.01.013","volume":"110","author":"AM Di Re","year":"2021","unstructured":"Di Re AM, Wright D, Toh JWT, El-Khoury T, Pathma-nathan N, Gosselink MP, et al. Surgical wound infection prevention using topical negative pressure therapy on closed abdominal incisions \u2013 the \u2018SWIPE IT\u2019 randomized clinical trial. J Hosp Infect. 2021;110:76\u201383.","journal-title":"J Hosp Infect"},{"key":"716_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jss.2020.07.063","volume":"257","author":"DS Liu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Liu DS, Cheng C, Islam R, Tacey M, Sidhu A, Lam D, et al. Prophylactic negative-pressure dressings reduce wound complications and resource burden after emergency laparotomies. J Surg Res. 2021;257:22\u201331.","journal-title":"J Surg Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"716_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1002\/ags3.12643","volume":"7","author":"K Nakatsutsumi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Nakatsutsumi K, Endo A, Asano H, Shinohara S, Kurosaki R, Kawashima S, et al. Prophylactic effect of negative-pressure wound therapy and delayed sutures against incisional-surgical site infection after emergency laparotomy for colorectal perforation: a multicenter retrospective cohort study. Ann Gastroenterol Surg. 2023;7(3):441\u20139.","journal-title":"Ann Gastroenterol Surg"},{"key":"716_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Venkateswaran R, Bhagvat S, Dutt A, Padekar HD, Mirkhushal N, Chetan AA. Primary Closure Versus Delayed Primary Closure of Class III and IV Surgical Wounds Following Emergency Laparotomy: A Prospective Comparative Study. Cureus. 2023.","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.48965"},{"issue":"5","key":"716_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1908","DOI":"10.1177\/00031348211054529","volume":"89","author":"I Kabir","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kabir I, Nguyen T, Heaton J, Peterson K, Martyak M. Incisional negative pressure wound therapy to decrease the incidence of surgical site infections in trauma laparotomy wounds. Am Surg. 2023;89(5):1908\u201311.","journal-title":"Am Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"716_CR35","first-page":"291","volume":"174","author":"H Singh","year":"2023","unstructured":"Singh H, Avudaiappan M, Kharel J, Irrinki S, Kumar H, Savlania A, et al. Negative pressure wound therapy versus standard care for incisional laparotomy subcutaneous wounds in gastrointestinal perforations: a randomized controlled study. Surg (United States). 2023;174(2):291\u20135.","journal-title":"Surg (United States)"},{"issue":"3","key":"716_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.23922\/jarc.2023-059","volume":"8","author":"Y Tsukazaki","year":"2024","unstructured":"Tsukazaki Y, Enomoto H, Takeuchi N, Ushigome T, Suwa K, Okamoto T, et al. Incisional negative pressure wound therapy for wounds in patients with lower intestinal perforations. J Anus Rectum Colon. 2024;8(3):157\u201362.","journal-title":"J Anus Rectum Colon"},{"key":"716_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Philip EF, Rajandram R, Zuber M, Khong TL, Roslani AC. Prophylactic PICO\u25ca dressing shortens wound dressing requirements post emergency laparotomy (EL-PICO\u25ca trial). World J Emerg Surg. 2024;19(1).","DOI":"10.1186\/s13017-024-00560-9"},{"key":"716_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cull J, Pellizzeri K, Cullinane DC, Cochran-Yu M, Trevizo E, Goldenberg-Sandau A et al. Wound infection rate after skin closure of damage control laparotomy with wicks or incisional negative wound therapy: An EAST multi-center trial. Injury. 2024;55(11).","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2024.111906"},{"key":"716_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjsurg.2023.10.055","volume":"228","author":"W Rafaqat","year":"2024","unstructured":"Rafaqat W, Proa\u00f1o Zamudio JA, Abiad M, Lagazzi E, Argandykov D, Luckhurst CM, et al. Negative pressure wound therapy for emergency laparotomy incisions: a national database propensity matched study. Am J Surg. 2024;228:287\u201394.","journal-title":"Am J Surg"},{"key":"716_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Costa MJ, Martins MF, Lages RR, Gon\u00e7alves \u00c1L, Armas IS, Almeida JI et al. Optimizing closed incision negative pressure wound therapy in emergency laparotomy (OPTIWOUND): a multi-arm randomized prospective trial. Surg Gastroenterol Oncol. 2024;29(2):131\u20139.","DOI":"10.21614\/sgo-684"},{"key":"716_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sahni K, Hosamani S, Ghuliani D, Baisoya S. Evaluation of negative pressure dressings for closed surgical incisions in decreasing surgical site infections after emergency laparotomy: a randomized controlled study. Cureus. 2024.","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.67500"},{"issue":"10","key":"716_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"853","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2024.24764","volume":"333","author":"K Atherton","year":"2025","unstructured":"Atherton K, Brown J, Clouston H, Coe P, Duarte R, Dudi-Venkata NN, et al. Negative pressure dressings to prevent surgical site infection after emergency laparotomy: the SUNRRISE randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2025;333(10):853\u201363.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"26","key":"716_CR43","first-page":"e43099","volume":"104","author":"K Imaizumi","year":"2025","unstructured":"Imaizumi K, Kasajima H, Terashima K, Furukawa N, Ito K, Fukasawa T, et al. Prophylactic negative-pressure wound therapy using the open method is associated with reduced surgical site infection after emergency lower gastrointestinal surgery: a retrospective cohort study with propensity score analyses. Med (United States). 2025;104(26):e43099.","journal-title":"Med (United States)"},{"key":"716_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cremonini C, Strambi S, Musetti S, Cobuccio L, Tartaglia D, Coccolini F et al. Closed negative pressure wound therapy vs standard primary closure in emergency laparotomies: a prospective case-control study. J Tissue Viability. 2025;34(2).","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtv.2025.100864"},{"key":"716_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Oishi T, Nakamura F, Okuno N, Tamagaki K, Nakamura Y, Sakuramoto K et al. Effect of closed negative pressure wound therapy after laparotomy for gastrointestinal perforation: a single-center observational study. Acute Med Surg. 2025;12(1).","DOI":"10.1002\/ams2.70069"},{"key":"716_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Reese MW, Hogge R, Roess B, Hepner J, Luke R, Kabir I et al. Incisional negative pressure wound therapy in trauma laparotomies and rates of superficial surgical site infections. Surg Infect (Larchmt). 2025.","DOI":"10.1177\/10962964251370931"},{"issue":"7","key":"716_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1123","DOI":"10.1177\/00031348251339700","volume":"91","author":"MW Reese","year":"2025","unstructured":"Reese MW, Hogge RL, Roess BJ, Hepner JM, Luke RD, Rendel RE, et al. The implementation of incisional negative pressure therapy in trauma laparotomies leads to fewer open wounds at discharge. Am Surg. 2025;91(7):1123\u20138.","journal-title":"Am Surg"},{"key":"716_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Herczeg A, Szij\u00e1rt\u00f3 A, F\u00fcl\u00f6p A, Varga K, Marton J, L\u00f3derer Z et al. Prophylactic negative pressure wound therapy reduces superficial surgical site infection risk of emergency surgery patients: results of a multicenter randomised prospective clinical trial. Int Wound J. 2025;22(7).","DOI":"10.1111\/iwj.70718"}],"container-title":["World Journal of Emergency Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s13017-026-00716-9","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13017-026-00716-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13017-026-00716-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T01:16:00Z","timestamp":1792545360000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s13017-026-00716-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]]},"references-count":48,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["716"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13017-026-00716-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["1749-7922"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1749-7922","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]]},"assertion":[{"value":"11 February 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"16 July 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"24 July 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"Ethical compliance with the Helsinki Declaration and current legislation on research 008430\u2009\u2212\u20091993 and Res. 2378\u2009\u2212\u20092008 (Colombia) and the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE) were ensured.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"was not required, as this study is a systematic review based on data extracted from previously published articles.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Informed consent","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}],"article-number":"59"}}