{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,6]],"date-time":"2026-11-06T01:44:17Z","timestamp":1793929457156,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,27]],"date-time":"2018-07-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1532649600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["81501887"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81501887"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Orthop Surg Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,12]]},"DOI":"10.1186\/s13018-018-0897-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,26]],"date-time":"2018-07-26T21:56:00Z","timestamp":1532642160000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":105,"title":["Incidence and risk factors of postoperative delirium in the elderly patients with hip fracture"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Chen-guang","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ya-fei","family":"Qin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xin","family":"Wan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li-cheng","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhi-jun","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hui","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,27]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"897_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2016.18174","volume":"317","author":"ME Zenilman","year":"2017","unstructured":"Zenilman ME. Delirium: an important postoperative complication. Jama. 2017;317(1):77\u20138.","journal-title":"Jama"},{"issue":"4","key":"897_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afl005","volume":"35","author":"N Siddiqi","year":"2006","unstructured":"Siddiqi N, AO H, Holmes JD. Occurrence and outcome of delirium in medical in-patients: a systematic literature review. Age Ageing. 2006;35(4):350\u201364.","journal-title":"Age Ageing"},{"issue":"9920","key":"897_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"911","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)60688-1","volume":"383","author":"SK Inouye","year":"2014","unstructured":"Inouye SK, Westendorp RG, Saczynski JS. Delirium in elderly people. Lancet. 2014;383(9920):911\u201322.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"2","key":"897_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1177\/0300060515624936","volume":"44","author":"Y Guo","year":"2016","unstructured":"Guo Y, Jia P, Zhang J, Wang X, Jiang H, Jiang W. Prevalence and risk factors of postoperative delirium in elderly hip fracture patients. J Int Med Res. 2016;44(2):317\u201327.","journal-title":"J Int Med Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"897_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"418","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-016-1130-0","volume":"16","author":"LH Wang","year":"2016","unstructured":"Wang LH, Xu DJ, Wei XJ, Chang HT, Xu GH. Electrolyte disorders and aging: risk factors for delirium in patients undergoing orthopedic surgeries. BMC Psychiatry. 2016;16(1):418.","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry"},{"issue":"8","key":"897_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1616","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.14243","volume":"64","author":"ES Oh","year":"2016","unstructured":"Oh ES, Sieber FE, Leoutsakos JM, Inouye SK, Lee HB. Sex differences in hip fracture surgery: preoperative risk factors for delirium and postoperative outcomes. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2016;64(8):1616\u201321.","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"key":"897_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2015.09.002","volume":"33","author":"C Pinho","year":"2016","unstructured":"Pinho C, Cruz S, Santos A, Abelha FJ. Postoperative delirium: age and low functional reserve as independent risk factors. J Clin Anesthesia. 2016;33:507\u201313.","journal-title":"J Clin Anesthesia"},{"issue":"3","key":"897_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"418","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aeu458","volume":"115","author":"J Hirsch","year":"2015","unstructured":"Hirsch J, DePalma G, Tsai TT, Sands LP, Leung JM. Impact of intraoperative hypotension and blood pressure fluctuations on early postoperative delirium after non-cardiac surgery. Br J Anaesthesia. 2015;115(3):418\u201326.","journal-title":"Br J Anaesthesia"},{"issue":"2","key":"897_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.4037\/ajcc2015137","volume":"24","author":"RF Mangusan","year":"2015","unstructured":"Mangusan RF, Hooper V, Denslow SA, Travis L. Outcomes associated with postoperative delirium after cardiac surgery. Am J Crit Care. 2015;24(2):156\u201363.","journal-title":"Am J Crit Care"},{"issue":"2","key":"897_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e21","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.10062","volume":"103","author":"AF Scholz","year":"2016","unstructured":"Scholz AF, Oldroyd C, McCarthy K, Quinn TJ, Hewitt J. Systematic review and meta-analysis of risk factors for postoperative delirium among older patients undergoing gastrointestinal surgery. Br J Surg. 2016;103(2):e21\u20138.","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"897_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1177\/1474515117733365","volume":"17","author":"M Ten Broeke","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ten Broeke M, Koster S, Konings T, Hensens AG, van der Palen J. Can we predict a delirium after cardiac surgery? A validation study of a delirium risk checklist. Eur J Cardiovasc Nurs. 2018;17(3):255\u201361.","journal-title":"Eur J Cardiovasc Nurs"},{"key":"897_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/j.genhosppsych.2017.03.008","volume":"46","author":"W Chen","year":"2017","unstructured":"Chen W, Ke X, Wang X, Sun X, Wang J, Yang G, et al. Prevalence and risk factors for postoperative delirium in total joint arthroplasty patients: a prospective study. Gen Hosp Psychiatry. 2017;46:55\u201361.","journal-title":"Gen Hosp Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"897_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychores.2013.10.006","volume":"76","author":"M Krogseth","year":"2014","unstructured":"Krogseth M, Wyller TB, Engedal K, Juliebo V. Delirium is a risk factor for institutionalization and functional decline in older hip fracture patients. J Psychosom Res. 2014;76(1):68\u201374.","journal-title":"J Psychosom Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"897_CR14","first-page":"423","volume":"98","author":"W Muangpaisan","year":"2015","unstructured":"Muangpaisan W, Wongprikron A, Srinonprasert V, Suwanpatoomlerd S, Sutipornpalangkul W, Assantchai P. Incidence and risk factors of acute delirium in older patients with hip fracture in Siriraj Hospital. J Med Assoc Thai. 2015;98(4):423\u201330.","journal-title":"J Med Assoc Thai"},{"issue":"9","key":"897_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1097\/01.NAJ.0000418922.53224.36","volume":"112","author":"PB Brooks","year":"2012","unstructured":"Brooks PB. Postoperative delirium in elderly patients. Am J Nurs. 2012;112(9):38\u201349. quiz 51, 50","journal-title":"Am J Nurs"},{"key":"897_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mad.2017.08.016","volume":"167","author":"RM Scholtens","year":"2017","unstructured":"Scholtens RM, van Munster BC, van Faassen M, van Kempen MF, Kema IP, de Rooij SE. Plasma melatonin levels in hip fracture patients with and without delirium: a confirmation study. Mech Ageing Dev. 2017;167:1\u20134.","journal-title":"Mech Ageing Dev"},{"issue":"7","key":"897_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"779","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2010.1182","volume":"304","author":"CL Wong","year":"2010","unstructured":"Wong CL, Holroyd-Leduc J, Simel DL, Straus SE. Does this patient have delirium?: value of bedside instruments. Jama. 2010;304(7):779\u201386.","journal-title":"Jama"},{"issue":"2","key":"897_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1017\/S104161020600425X","volume":"19","author":"AJ Bruce","year":"2007","unstructured":"Bruce AJ, Ritchie CW, Blizard R, Lai R, Raven P. The incidence of delirium associated with orthopedic surgery: a meta-analytic review. Int Psychogeriatrics. 2007;19(2):197\u2013214.","journal-title":"Int Psychogeriatrics"},{"issue":"10","key":"897_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1578","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2006.00893.x","volume":"54","author":"M Dasgupta","year":"2006","unstructured":"Dasgupta M, Dumbrell AC. Preoperative risk assessment for delirium after noncardiac surgery: a systematic review. J Am Geriatrics Soc. 2006;54(10):1578\u201389.","journal-title":"J Am Geriatrics Soc"},{"issue":"1","key":"897_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.2174\/1574889810666150216152624","volume":"10","author":"A Martocchia","year":"2015","unstructured":"Martocchia A, Curto M, Comite F, Scaccianoce S, Girardi P, Ferracuti S, et al. The prevention and treatment of delirium in elderly patients following hip fracture surgery. Recent Pat CNS Drug Discov. 2015;10(1):55\u201364.","journal-title":"Recent Pat CNS Drug Discov"},{"issue":"6","key":"897_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1222","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.14764","volume":"65","author":"P Mazzola","year":"2017","unstructured":"Mazzola P, Ward L, Zazzetta S, Broggini V, Anzuini A, Valcarcel B, et al. Association between preoperative malnutrition and postoperative delirium after hip fracture surgery in older adults. J Am Geriatrics Soc. 2017;65(6):1222\u20138.","journal-title":"J Am Geriatrics Soc"},{"key":"897_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Feinkohl I, Winterer G, Pischon T. Diabetes is associated with risk of postoperative cognitive dysfunction: a meta-analysis. Diabetes Metab Res Rev. 2017;33(5). \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/dmrr.2884\n                    \n                  .","DOI":"10.1002\/dmrr.2884"},{"issue":"5","key":"897_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1352","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2014.03.017","volume":"28","author":"B Trabold","year":"2014","unstructured":"Trabold B, Metterlein T. Postoperative delirium: risk factors, prevention, and treatment. J Cardiothoracic Vasc Anesthesia. 2014;28(5):1352\u201360.","journal-title":"J Cardiothoracic Vasc Anesthesia"},{"issue":"5","key":"897_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1995.00430050035004","volume":"155","author":"CB Dyer","year":"1995","unstructured":"Dyer CB, Ashton CM, Teasdale TA. Postoperative delirium. A review of 80 primary data-collection studies. Arch Intern Med. 1995;155(5):461\u20135.","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"897_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e927","DOI":"10.3928\/01477447-20120525-37","volume":"35","author":"H Hassanzadeh","year":"2012","unstructured":"Hassanzadeh H, Jain A, Tan EW, Stein BE, Van Hoy ML, Stewart NN, et al. Postoperative incentive spirometry use. Orthopedics. 2012;35(6):e927\u201331.","journal-title":"Orthopedics"},{"issue":"1","key":"897_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjsurg.2013.12.029","volume":"208","author":"SM de Castro","year":"2014","unstructured":"de Castro SM, Unlu C, Tuynman JB, Honig A, van Wagensveld BA, Steller EP, et al. Incidence and risk factors of delirium in the elderly general surgical patient. Am J Surg. 2014;208(1):26\u201332.","journal-title":"Am J Surg"},{"issue":"11","key":"897_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"852","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1996.03530350034031","volume":"275","author":"SK Inouye","year":"1996","unstructured":"Inouye SK, Charpentier PA. Precipitating factors for delirium in hospitalized elderly persons. Predictive model and interrelationship with baseline vulnerability. Jama. 1996;275(11):852\u20137.","journal-title":"Jama"},{"issue":"4","key":"897_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1002\/iub.1491","volume":"68","author":"Y Qiu","year":"2016","unstructured":"Qiu Y, Huang X, Huang L, Tang L, Jiang J, Chen L, et al. 5-HT(1A) receptor antagonist improves behavior performance of delirium rats through inhibiting PI3K\/Akt\/mTOR activation-induced NLRP3 activity. IUBMB life. 2016;68(4):311\u20139.","journal-title":"IUBMB life"},{"issue":"10","key":"897_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1335","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1532-5415.2001.49261.x","volume":"49","author":"A Edlund","year":"2001","unstructured":"Edlund A, Lundstrom M, Brannstrom B, Bucht G, Gustafson Y. Delirium before and after operation for femoral neck fracture. J Am Geriatrics Soc. 2001;49(10):1335\u201340.","journal-title":"J Am Geriatrics Soc"},{"issue":"3","key":"897_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"658","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0b013e3182472320","volume":"116","author":"JB Bijker","year":"2012","unstructured":"Bijker JB, Persoon S, Peelen LM, Moons KG, Kalkman CJ, Kappelle LJ, et al. Intraoperative hypotension and perioperative ischemic stroke after general surgery: a nested case-control study. Anesthesiology. 2012;116(3):658\u201364.","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"issue":"12","key":"897_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2460","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-005-0023-4","volume":"48","author":"T Cukierman","year":"2005","unstructured":"Cukierman T, Gerstein HC, Williamson JD. Cognitive decline and dementia in diabetes--systematic overview of prospective observational studies. Diabetologia. 2005;48(12):2460\u20139.","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"issue":"33","key":"897_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30634","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M305008200","volume":"278","author":"S Shaw","year":"2003","unstructured":"Shaw S, Wang X, Redd H, Alexander GD, Isales CM, Marrero MB. High glucose augments the angiotensin II-induced activation of JAK2 in vascular smooth muscle cells via the polyol pathway. J Biol Chem. 2003;278(33):30634\u201341.","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"issue":"1","key":"897_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1159\/000323865","volume":"1","author":"K Hirao","year":"2011","unstructured":"Hirao K, Hanyu H, Sato T, Kanetaka H, Shimizu S, Sakurai H, et al. A longitudinal SPECT study of different patterns of regional cerebral blood flow in alzheimer\u2019s disease with or without diabetes. Dementia and geriatric cognitive disorders extra. 2011;1(1):62\u201374.","journal-title":"Dementia and geriatric cognitive disorders extra"},{"issue":"12","key":"897_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1993","DOI":"10.2967\/jnumed.109.066068","volume":"50","author":"M Kaplar","year":"2009","unstructured":"Kaplar M, Paragh G, Erdei A, Csongradi E, Varga E, Garai I, et al. Changes in cerebral blood flow detected by SPECT in type 1 and type 2 diabetic patients. J Nucl Med. 2009;50(12):1993\u20138.","journal-title":"J Nucl Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"897_CR35","first-page":"993","volume":"123","author":"CM Shi","year":"2010","unstructured":"Shi CM, Wang DX, Chen KS, Gu XE. Incidence and risk factors of delirium in critically ill patients after non-cardiac surgery. Chin Med J. 2010;123(8):993\u20139.","journal-title":"Chin Med J"},{"issue":"2","key":"897_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2013.11.001","volume":"103","author":"J Beagley","year":"2014","unstructured":"Beagley J, Guariguata L, Weil C, Motala AA. Global estimates of undiagnosed diabetes in adults. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2014;103(2):150\u201360.","journal-title":"Diabetes Res Clin Pract"},{"issue":"1","key":"897_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0b013e3180602ff5","volume":"246","author":"A Alves","year":"2007","unstructured":"Alves A, Panis Y, Mantion G, Slim K, Kwiatkowski F, Vicaut E. The AFC score: validation of a 4-item predicting score of postoperative mortality after colorectal resection for cancer or diverticulitis: results of a prospective multicenter study in 1049 patients. Ann Surg. 2007;246(1):91\u20136.","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"897_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1016\/S1072-7515(00)00261-1","volume":"191","author":"J Belghiti","year":"2000","unstructured":"Belghiti J, Hiramatsu K, Benoist S, Massault P, Sauvanet A, Farges O. Seven hundred forty-seven hepatectomies in the 1990s: an update to evaluate the actual risk of liver resection. J Am Coll Surg. 2000;191(1):38\u201346.","journal-title":"J Am Coll Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"897_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"759","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0b013e3181c1cfc9","volume":"251","author":"A Brouquet","year":"2010","unstructured":"Brouquet A, Cudennec T, Benoist S, Moulias S, Beauchet A, Penna C, et al. Impaired mobility, ASA status and administration of tramadol are risk factors for postoperative delirium in patients aged 75 years or more after major abdominal surgery. Ann Surg. 2010;251(4):759\u201365.","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"issue":"11","key":"897_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2027","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2702.2006.01864.x","volume":"16","author":"B Olofsson","year":"2007","unstructured":"Olofsson B, Stenvall M, Lundstrom M, Svensson O, Gustafson Y. Malnutrition in hip fracture patients: an intervention study. J Clin Nurs. 2007;16(11):2027\u201338.","journal-title":"J Clin Nurs"},{"issue":"3","key":"897_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03324687","volume":"19","author":"M Lundstrom","year":"2007","unstructured":"Lundstrom M, Olofsson B, Stenvall M, Karlsson S, Nyberg L, Englund U, et al. Postoperative delirium in old patients with femoral neck fracture: a randomized intervention study. Aging Clin Exp Res. 2007;19(3):178\u201386.","journal-title":"Aging Clin Exp Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"897_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afj011","volume":"35","author":"DG Duncan","year":"2006","unstructured":"Duncan DG, Beck SJ, Hood K, Johansen A. Using dietetic assistants to improve the outcome of hip fracture: a randomised controlled trial of nutritional support in an acute trauma ward. Age Ageing. 2006;35(2):148\u201353.","journal-title":"Age Ageing"}],"container-title":["Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13018-018-0897-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s13018-018-0897-8\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13018-018-0897-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,26]],"date-time":"2019-07-26T19:06:13Z","timestamp":1564167973000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/josr-online.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s13018-018-0897-8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,27]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,12]]}},"alternative-id":["897"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13018-018-0897-8","relation":{},"ISSN":["1749-799X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1749-799X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,27]]},"assertion":[{"value":"20 April 2018","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"17 July 2018","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"27 July 2018","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The approval was obtained from the Tianjin Medical University General Hospital Ethics Review Board. Investigators have to obtain informed consent before enrolling participants in trials.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}},{"value":"Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Publisher\u2019s Note"}}],"article-number":"186"}}