{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,10]],"date-time":"2026-11-10T18:41:47Z","timestamp":1794336107626,"version":"4.9.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,19]],"date-time":"2020-05-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1589846400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,19]],"date-time":"2020-05-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1589846400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Orthop Surg Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study compared surgical treatment outcomes of the Ilizarov and internal osteosynthesis methods in posttraumatic pseudarthrosis of the tibia.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Material and methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>In a retrospective comparative study, 75 patients were treated with the Ilizarov technique for aseptic posttraumatic pseudarthrosis of the tibia in the period 2000\u20132016. We compared them with the 51 patients from the control group, treated for tibial bone union disturbances using internal osteosynthesis methods, i.e., internal-fixation plates and intramedullary nails. The study groups were compared in terms of the rates of union, time to union, and the baseline-to-postoperative difference in lower leg deformity.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Union rate in the Ilizarov group was 100% and the control group was 51.92% (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>&lt; 0.001). The median time to union suggests that patients from the Ilizarov group needed a shorter time to achieve bone union (203.00\u2009days vs. 271.00\u2009days) (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>= 0.091). The effect size in the Ilizarov group was larger both in terms of reducing both limb deformity and shortening (it is worth noting, however, that the Ilizarov treatment was used in patients with higher baseline values of both these parameters). We observed no significant difference in terms of time to union between the group of patients with at least one risk factor for disturbance in fracture healing and the group with no risk factors. The following risk factors were considered: diabetes mellitus, corticosteroid therapy, smoking, alcohol dependence, and advanced lower-extremity vascular disease (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>= 0.827).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our study demonstrated a high effectiveness of the Ilizarov method in the treatment of aseptic posttraumatic pseudarthroses of the tibia. The Ilizarov method seems to be worth considering in all cases where either the patient or the nature of injury is associated with additional risk factors and whenever there is a need for leg deformity correction or leg elongation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13018-020-01697-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,19]],"date-time":"2020-05-19T07:03:49Z","timestamp":1589871829000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Surgical treatment outcomes of the Ilizarov and internal osteosynthesis methods in posttraumatic pseudarthrosis of the tibia\u2014a retrospective comparative analysis"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5099-3889","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"\u0141ukasz","family":"Szelerski","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S\u0142awomir","family":"\u017barek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rados\u0142aw","family":"G\u00f3rski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karol","family":"Mochocki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ryszard","family":"G\u00f3rski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Piotr","family":"Morasiewicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pawe\u0142","family":"Ma\u0142dyk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"1697_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"M. 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Vahabi, \"Ilizarov bone transport and treatment of critical-sized tibial bone defects: a narrative review,\" (in eng), J Orthop Traumatol, vol. 20, no. 1, p. 22, Apr 16 2019, doi: 10.1186\/s10195-019-0527-1. J Orthop Traumatol.","DOI":"10.1186\/s10195-019-0527-1"},{"key":"1697_CR25","unstructured":"Y. Ozturkmen, C. Dogrul, and M. Karli, \"[Results of the Ilizarov method in the treatment of pseudoarthrosis of the lower extremities],\" (in tur), Acta Orthop Traumatol Turc, vol. 37, no. 1, pp. 9-18, 2003. Acta Orthop Traumatol Turc."},{"key":"1697_CR26","unstructured":"R. D. Ahmad Khan, M. A. Maqbool, and A. Yasin, \"Effectiveness of ilizarov frame fixation on functional outcome in aseptic tibial gap non-union,\" (in eng), J Pak Med Assoc, vol. 65, no. 11 Suppl 3, pp. S179-85, Nov 2015."},{"key":"1697_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"E. Garcia-Cimbrelo and J. C. Marti-Gonzalez, \"Circular external fixation in tibial nonunions,\" (in eng), Clin Orthop Relat Res, no. 419, pp. 65-70, Feb 2004. Clin Orthop Relat Res.","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-200402000-00011"},{"key":"1697_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Y. Ozturkmen, M. Karamehmetoglu, H. Karadeniz, I. Azboy, and M. Caniklioglu, \"Acute treatment of segmental tibial fractures with the Ilizarov method,\" (in eng), Injury, vol. 40, no. 3, pp. 321-6, Mar 2009, doi: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.injury.2008.07.013. Injury.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2008.07.013"},{"key":"1697_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"S. Britten, A. Ghoz, B. Duffield, and P. V. Giannoudis, \"Ilizarov fixator pin site care: the role of crusts in the prevention of infection,\" (in eng), Injury, vol. 44, no. 10, pp. 1275-8, Oct 2013, doi: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.injury.2013.07.001.Injury.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2013.07.001.Injury"},{"key":"1697_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"K. N. Subramanyam, A. V. Mundargi, R. Potarlanka, and P. Khanchandani, \"No role for antiseptics in routine pin site care in Ilizarov fixators: a randomised prospective single blinded control study,\" (in eng), Injury, vol. 50, no. 3, pp. 770-776, Mar 2019, doi: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.injury.2019.01.031.Injury.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2019.01.031.Injury"},{"key":"1697_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"K. Hamahashi, Y. Uchiyama, Y. Kobayashi, and M. 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