{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T04:24:43Z","timestamp":1772166283452,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,10]],"date-time":"2021-02-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1612915200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,10]],"date-time":"2021-02-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1612915200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Orthop Surg Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Recently, a standardized uptake value (SUV) has been used to evaluate bone single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). The aim of this study was to investigate quantitative SPECT imaging of uninfected nonunion to compare hypertrophic nonunion and non-hypertrophic nonunion using volume-based parameters.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We evaluated 23 patients with uninfected nonunion who underwent SPECT acquisition 3\u2009h after an injection of\n                      <jats:sup>99m<\/jats:sup>\n                      Tc-hydroxymethylene diphosphonate or\n                      <jats:sup>99m<\/jats:sup>\n                      Tc-methylene diphosphonate from April 2014 to November 2019. We reconstructed the acquired data and performed voxel-based quantitative analysis using the GI-BONE software. Quantitative parameters, maximum SUV (SUV\n                      <jats:sub>max<\/jats:sub>\n                      ), peak SUV (SUV\n                      <jats:sub>peak<\/jats:sub>\n                      ), and mean SUV (SUV\n                      <jats:sub>mean<\/jats:sub>\n                      ) in the high and low uptake areas of nonunion were compared between hypertrophic nonunion and non-hypertrophic nonunion. The contralateral limb was used as a control, and the ratios of the quantitative parameters were calculated.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The values for the quantitative parameters (high uptake area\/low uptake area, respectively), SUV\n                      <jats:sub>max<\/jats:sub>\n                      control ratio (12.13 \u00b1 4.95\/6.44 \u00b1 4.71), SUV\n                      <jats:sub>peak<\/jats:sub>\n                      control ratio (11.65 \u00b1 4.58\/6.45 \u00b1 4.64), and SUV\n                      <jats:sub>mean<\/jats:sub>\n                      control ratio (11.94 \u00b1 5.03\/6.28 \u00b1 4.95) for hypertrophic nonunion were higher than those for non-hypertrophic nonunion (7.82 \u00b1 4.76\/3.41 \u00b1 2.09 (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.065\/0.12), 7.56 \u00b1 4.51\/3.61 \u00b1 2.23 (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.065\/0.22), and 7.59 \u00b1 5.18\/3.05 \u00b1 1.91 (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.076\/0.23)).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      SUV\n                      <jats:sub>max<\/jats:sub>\n                      , SUV\n                      <jats:sub>peak<\/jats:sub>\n                      , and SUV\n                      <jats:sub>mean<\/jats:sub>\n                      control ratios obtained from bone SPECT images can quantitatively evaluate the biological activity of nonunions and may be an effective evaluation method for treatment decisions, especially the necessity of autologous bone grafting.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13018-021-02279-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,10]],"date-time":"2021-02-10T03:08:33Z","timestamp":1612926513000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Quantitative bone single-photon emission computed tomography imaging for uninfected nonunion: comparison of hypertrophic nonunion and non-hypertrophic nonunion"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Keisuke","family":"Oe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Feibi","family":"Zeng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tomoaki","family":"Fukui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Munenobu","family":"Nogami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Takamichi","family":"Murakami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tomoyuki","family":"Matsumoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ryosuke","family":"Kuroda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0951-5812","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Takahiro","family":"Niikura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"2279_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1194","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2017.03.036","volume":"48","author":"R Zura","year":"2017","unstructured":"Zura R, Watson JT, Einhorn T, et al. An inception cohort analysis to predict nonunion in tibia and 17 other fracture locations. Injury. 2017;48:1194\u2013203.","journal-title":"Injury"},{"key":"2279_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamasurg.2016.2775","volume":"151","author":"R Zura","year":"2016","unstructured":"Zura R, Xiong Z, Einhorn T, et al. Epidemiology of fracture nonunion in 18 human bones. JAMA Surg. 2016;151:e162775.","journal-title":"JAMA Surg"},{"key":"2279_CR3","first-page":"1","volume":"13","author":"SK Stewart","year":"2019","unstructured":"Stewart SK. Fracture non-union: a review of clinical challenges and future research needs. Malays Orthop J. 2019;13:1\u201310.","journal-title":"Malays Orthop J"},{"key":"2279_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1007\/s00776-013-0472-4","volume":"19","author":"T Niikura","year":"2014","unstructured":"Niikura T, Lee SY, Sakai Y, Nishida K, Kuroda R, Kurosaka M. Causative factors of fracture nonunion: the proportions of mechanical, biological, patient-dependent, and patient-independent factors. J Orthop Sci. 2014;19:120\u20134.","journal-title":"J Orthop Sci"},{"key":"2279_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-1383(00)00121-2","volume":"32","author":"CI Adams","year":"2001","unstructured":"Adams CI, Keating JF, Court-Brown CM. Cigarette smoking and open tibial fractures. Injury. 2001;32:61\u20135.","journal-title":"Injury"},{"key":"2279_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.3109\/17453674.2012.747054","volume":"83","author":"RK Hernandez","year":"2012","unstructured":"Hernandez RK, Do TP, Critchlow CW, Dent RE, Jick SS. Patient-related risk factors for fracture-healing complications in the United Kingdom General Practice Research Database. Acta Orthop. 2012;83:653\u201360.","journal-title":"Acta Orthop"},{"key":"2279_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1007\/s00776-012-0316-7","volume":"18","author":"Y Watanabe","year":"2013","unstructured":"Watanabe Y, Takenaka N, Kobayashi M, Matsushita T. Infra-isthmal fracture is risk factor for nonunion after femoral nailing: a case-control study. J Orthop Sci. 2013;18:76\u201380.","journal-title":"J Orthop Sci"},{"key":"2279_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"01874474-201601","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.RVW.O.00008","volume":"4","author":"R Zura","year":"2016","unstructured":"Zura R, Mehta S, Della Rocca GJ, Steen RG. Biological risk factors for nonunion of bone fracture. JBJS Rev. 2016;4:01874474-201601000-00005.","journal-title":"JBJS Rev"},{"key":"2279_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.3928\/01477447-20131219-16","volume":"37","author":"T Niikura","year":"2014","unstructured":"Niikura T, Lee SY, Sakai Y, Nishida K, Kuroda R, Kurosaka M. Comparison of radiographic appearance and bone scintigraphy in fracture nonunions. Orthopedics. 2014;37:44\u201350.","journal-title":"Orthopedics"},{"key":"2279_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.4103\/ijnm.IJNM_50_17","volume":"32","author":"SJ Gandhi","year":"2017","unstructured":"Gandhi SJ, Rabaadiya B. Bone scan in detection of biological activity in nonhypertrophic fracture nonunion. Indian J Nucl Med. 2017;32:326\u20139.","journal-title":"Indian J Nucl Med"},{"key":"2279_CR11","first-page":"931","volume":"21","author":"A Desai","year":"1980","unstructured":"Desai A, Alavi A, Dalinka M, Brighton C, Esterhai J. Role of bone scintigraphy in the evaluation and treatment of nonunited fractures: concise communication. J Nucl Med. 1980;21:931\u20134.","journal-title":"J Nucl Med"},{"key":"2279_CR12","first-page":"228","volume":"211","author":"JL Esterhai Jr","year":"1986","unstructured":"Esterhai JL Jr, Brighton CT, Hoppenstall RB, Thrower A. Nonunion of the humerus. Clinical, roentgenographic, scintigraphic, and response characteristics to treatment with constant direct current stimulation of osteogenesis. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1986;211:228\u201334.","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"key":"2279_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1148\/113.2.373","volume":"113","author":"HK Genant","year":"1974","unstructured":"Genant HK, Bautovich GJ, Singh M, Larhrop KA, Harper PV. Bone-seeking radionuclides: an in vivo study of factors affecting skeletal uptake. Radiology. 1974;113:373\u201382.","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"2279_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.57B3.353","volume":"57","author":"CS Galasko","year":"1975","unstructured":"Galasko CS. The pathological basis for skeletal scintigraphy. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 1975;57:353\u20139.","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Br"},{"key":"2279_CR15","first-page":"262","volume":"22","author":"T Kaneta","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kaneta T, Ogawa M, Daisaki H, Nawata S, Yoshida K, Inoue T. SUV measurement of normal vertebrae using SPECT\/CT with Tc-99m methylene diphosphonate. Am J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2016;22:262\u20138.","journal-title":"Am J Nucl Med Mol Imaging"},{"key":"2279_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1186\/s13550-017-0300-5","volume":"7","author":"T Nakahara","year":"2017","unstructured":"Nakahara T, Daisaki H, Yamamoto Y, et al. Use of a digital phantom developed by QIBA for harmonizing SUVs obtained from the state-of-the-art SPECT\/CT systems: a multicenter study. EJNMMI Res. 2017;7:53.","journal-title":"EJNMMI Res"},{"key":"2279_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinimag.2018.06.009","volume":"52","author":"A Toriihara","year":"2018","unstructured":"Toriihara A, Daisaki H, Yamaguchi A, et al. Semiquantitative analysis using standardized uptake value in 123I-FP-CIT SPECT\/CT. Clin Imaging. 2018;52:57\u201361.","journal-title":"Clin Imaging"},{"key":"2279_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"776","DOI":"10.1007\/s12149-019-01390-5","volume":"33","author":"I Ogura","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ogura I, Kobayashi E, Nakahara K, Igarashi K, Haga-Tsujimura M, Toshima H. Quantitative SPECT\/CT imaging for medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw: a preliminary study using volume-based parameters, comparison with chronic osteomyelitis. Ann Nucl Med. 2019;33:776\u201382.","journal-title":"Ann Nucl Med"},{"key":"2279_CR19","first-page":"32","volume-title":"Pseudarthrosis","author":"BG Weber","year":"1976","unstructured":"Weber BG, Cech O. Pseudarthrosis. New York: Grune and Stratton; 1976. p. 32\u201344."},{"key":"2279_CR20","first-page":"517","volume":"37","author":"K Miwa","year":"2017","unstructured":"Miwa K, Matsutomo N, Ichikawa H, et al. Guideline on standardization of bone SPECT imaging. Jap Jour Nucl Med Tech. 2017;37:517\u201330.","journal-title":"Jap Jour Nucl Med Tech"},{"key":"2279_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0033-1357510","volume":"6","author":"M Almaiman","year":"2013","unstructured":"Almaiman M, Al-Bargi HH, Manson P. Complication of anterior iliac bone graft harvesting in 372 adult patients from May 2006 to May 2011 and a literature review. Craniomaxillofac Trauma Reconstr. 2013;6:257\u201366.","journal-title":"Craniomaxillofac Trauma Reconstr"},{"issue":"Supl 2","key":"2279_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2011.06.015","volume":"42","author":"R Dimitriou","year":"2011","unstructured":"Dimitriou R, Mataliotakis GI, Angoules AG, Kanakaris NK, Giannoudis PV. Complications following autologous bone graft harvesting from the iliac crest and using the RIA: a systematic review. Injury. 2011;42(Supl 2):S3\u201315.","journal-title":"Injury"},{"key":"2279_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1097\/BOT.0000000000000811","volume":"31","author":"LS Marchand","year":"2017","unstructured":"Marchand LS, Rothberg DL, Kubiak EN, Higgins TF. Is this autograft worth it?: the blood loss and transfusion rates associated with reamer irrigator aspirator bone graft harvest. J Orthop Trauma. 2017;31:205\u20139.","journal-title":"J Orthop Trauma"}],"container-title":["Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13018-021-02279-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s13018-021-02279-8\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13018-021-02279-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,10]],"date-time":"2021-02-10T03:12:44Z","timestamp":1612926764000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/josr-online.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s13018-021-02279-8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,10]]},"references-count":23,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]}},"alternative-id":["2279"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13018-021-02279-8","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-129839\/v1","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1749-799X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1749-799X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"12 December 2020","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"4 February 2021","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"10 February 2021","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"This article does not contain any studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study and publication.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interest.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"125"}}