{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,23]],"date-time":"2026-08-23T14:56:11Z","timestamp":1787496971191,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,3]],"date-time":"2021-05-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1620000000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,3]],"date-time":"2021-05-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1620000000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Orthop Surg Res"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Osteoarthritis (OA) is a complex joint disease and chronic pain source, affecting a patient\u2019s quality of life and posing a financial burden. As the dog is considered a nearly ideal species for translation research of human OA and the most used model for research, exploring spontaneous dog OA under the One Health\/One Medicine concept can improve both humans and dogs\u2019 health and well-being.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In a clinical treatment experiment, forty (\n                      <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                      =40) joints were selected and randomly assigned to a control group (CG), which received 0.9% NaCl or a treatment (HG), which received Hylan G-F 20. Evaluations were performed on treatment day (T0), 8, 15, 30, 90, and 180 days post-treatment. They consisted of four different Clinical Metrology Instruments (CMI), evaluation of weight distribution, joint range of motion, thigh girth, radiographic and digital thermography imaging, synovial fluid interleukin-1 (IL-1), and C-reactive protein concentrations. Results were compared with repeated measures ANOVA, with a Huynh-Feldt correction, Paired samples\n                      <jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic>\n                      -test, or Wilcoxon signed-ranks test, with\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt;0.05.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Patients had a mean age of 6.5\u00b12.4 years and a bodyweight of 26.6\u00b15.2kg, and joints graded as mild (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      =28, 70%), moderate (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      =6, 15%), and severe OA (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      =6, 15%). No differences were found between groups at T0. Symmetry index and deviation showed significant improvements in HG from 30 days (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt;0.01) up to 180 days (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      =0.01). Several CMI scores, particularly pain scores, improved from 90 to 180 days. Radiographic signs progressed in both groups. In both groups, increasing body weight and age corresponded to worse clinical presentation. IA hyaluronan administration produced increased lameness in six cases, which resolved spontaneously.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study characterizes the response to treatment with Hylan G-F 20, which can produce significant functional and pain level improvements in patients with OA, even those with factors related to worse response to treatment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13018-021-02423-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,3]],"date-time":"2021-05-03T10:49:18Z","timestamp":1620038958000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["RETRACTED ARTICLE: Effect of a single intra-articular high molecular weight hyaluronan in a naturally occurring canine osteoarthritis model: a randomized controlled trial"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1329-3709","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J. C.","family":"Alves","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana Margarida Moniz Pereira","family":"dos Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patr\u00edcia","family":"Jorge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Catarina Falc\u00e3o Trigoso Vieira Bran","family":"Lavrador","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L. Miguel","family":"Carreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,3]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"2423_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1097\/BOR.0000000000000479","volume":"30","author":"ER Vina","year":"2018","unstructured":"Vina ER, Kwoh CK. Epidemiology of osteoarthritis. Curr Opin Rheumatol. 2018;30(2):160\u20137. Available from: https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/00002281-201803000-00005. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/BOR.0000000000000479.","journal-title":"Curr Opin Rheumatol"},{"key":"2423_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5641","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-23940-z","volume":"8","author":"KL Anderson","year":"2018","unstructured":"Anderson KL, O'Neill DG, Brodbelt DC, Church DB, Meeson RL, Sargan D, et al. Prevalence, duration and risk factors for appendicular osteoarthritis in a UK dog population under primary veterinary care. Sci Rep. 2018;8:5641 Available from: https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-018-23940-z.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"1","key":"2423_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1515\/pjvs-2017-0024","volume":"20","author":"M Shahid","year":"2017","unstructured":"Shahid M, Manchi G, Slunsky P, Naseer O, Fatima A, Leo B, et al. A systemic review of existing serological possibilities to diagnose canine osteoarthritis with a particular focus on extracellular matrix proteoglycans and protein. Pol J Vet Sci. 2017;20(1):189\u2013201. Available from: https:\/\/journals.pan.pl\/dlibra\/publication\/121051\/edition\/105452\/content. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1515\/pjvs-2017-0024.","journal-title":"Pol J Vet Sci"},{"key":"2423_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"308ps21","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.aaa9116","volume":"7","author":"A Kol","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kol A, Arzi B, Athanasiou KA, Farmer DL, Nolta JA, Rebhun RB, et al. Companion animals: translational scientist\u2019s new best friends. Sci Transl Med. 2015;7:308ps21 Available from: https:\/\/stm.sciencemag.org\/lookup\/doi\/10.1126\/scitranslmed.aaa9116.","journal-title":"Sci Transl Med"},{"key":"2423_CR5","unstructured":"Meeson RL, Todhunter RJ, Blunn G, Nuki G, Pitsillides AA. Spontaneous dog osteoarthritis \u2014 a One Medicine vision. Nat Rev Rheumatol [Internet]. 2019; Available from: https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41584-019-0202-1"},{"key":"2423_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Minnema L, Wheeler J, Enomoto M, Pitake S, Mishra SK, Lascelles BDX. Correlation of artemin and GFR\u03b13 with osteoarthritis pain: Early evidence from naturally occurring osteoarthritis-associated chronic pain in dogs. Front Neurosci. 2020:14 Available from: https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/article\/10.3389\/fnins.2020.00077\/full.","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2020.00077"},{"issue":"8","key":"2423_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1636","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546508326984","volume":"37","author":"EJ Strauss","year":"2009","unstructured":"Strauss EJ, Hart JA, Miller MD, Altman RD, Rosen JE. Hyaluronic acid viscosupplementation and osteoarthritis. Am J Sports Med. 2009;37(8):1636\u201344. Available from: https:\/\/ajs.sagepub.com\/. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0363546508326984.","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"2423_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"814","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2006.02.006","volume":"14","author":"DD Greenberg","year":"2006","unstructured":"Greenberg DD, Stoker A, Kane S, Cockrell M, Cook JL. Biochemical effects of two different hyaluronic acid products in a co-culture model of osteoarthritis. Osteoarthr Cartil. 2006;14(8):814\u201322. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.joca.2006.02.006.","journal-title":"Osteoarthr Cartil."},{"issue":"1","key":"2423_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.60.1.55","volume":"60","author":"J Haapala","year":"2001","unstructured":"Haapala J, Arokoski JPA, R\u00f6nkk\u00f6 S, \u00c5gren U, Kosma V-M, Lohmander LS, et al. Decline after immobilisation and recovery after remobilisation of synovial fluid IL1, TIMP, and chondroitin sulphate levels in young beagle dogs. Ann Rheum Dis. 2001;60(1):55\u201360. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/ard.60.1.55.","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis."},{"issue":"4","key":"2423_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1007\/s00296-010-1660-6","volume":"31","author":"A Gigante","year":"2011","unstructured":"Gigante A, Callegari L. The role of intra-articular hyaluronan (Sinovial\u00ae) in the treatment of osteoarthritis. Rheumatol Int. 2011;31(4):427\u201344. Available from: https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00296-010-1660-6.","journal-title":"Rheumatol Int"},{"key":"2423_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2474-11-264","volume":"11","author":"S Colen","year":"2010","unstructured":"Colen S, van den Bekerom MP, Bellemans J, Mulier M. Comparison of intra-articular injections of Hyaluronic Acid and Corticosteroid in the treatment of Osteoarthritis of the hip in comparison with intra-articular injections of Bupivacaine. Design of a prospective, randomized, controlled study with blinding. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2010;11:264 Available from: https:\/\/bmcmusculoskeletdisord.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/1471-2474-11-264.","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskelet Disord"},{"key":"2423_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.32098\/mltj.02.2014.28","volume":"4","author":"A Frizziero","year":"2014","unstructured":"Frizziero A, Maffulli N, Masiero S, Frizziero L. Six-months pain relief and functional recovery after intra-articular injections with hyaluronic acid (mw 500-730 KDa) in trapeziometacarpal osteoarthritis. Muscles Ligaments Tendons J. 2014;4:256\u201361 Available from: https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/25332944.","journal-title":"Muscles Ligaments Tendons J"},{"key":"2423_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Oliva F. Viscosupplementation with intra-articular hyaluronic acid for hip disorders. A systematic review and meta-analysis. Muscles Ligaments Tendons J [Internet]. 2016; Available from: https:\/\/www.mltj.org\/common\/php\/portiere.php?ID=a895c49383d73e94194d55f4257ccd18","DOI":"10.11138\/mltj\/2016.6.3.293"},{"key":"2423_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.32098\/mltj.03.2018.04","volume":"08","author":"A Frizziero","year":"2019","unstructured":"Frizziero A, Vittadini F, Oliva F, Abatangelo G, Bacciu S, Bernardi A, et al. I.S.Mu.L.T. Hyaluronic acid injections in musculoskeletal disorders guidelines. Muscle Ligaments Tendons J. 2019;08:364 Available from: https:\/\/www.mltj.online\/i-s-mu-l-t-hyaluronic-acid-injections-in-musculoskeletal-disorders-guidelines\/.","journal-title":"Muscle Ligaments Tendons J"},{"key":"2423_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"740","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1526-4637.2012.01394.x","volume":"13","author":"OT Cheng","year":"2012","unstructured":"Cheng OT, Souzdalnitski D, Vrooman B, Cheng J. Evidence-based knee injections for the management of arthritis. Pain Med. 2012;13:740\u201353 Available from: https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/painmedicine\/article-lookup\/doi\/10.1111\/j.1526-4637.2012.01394.x.","journal-title":"Pain Med"},{"key":"2423_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"De Lucia O, Jerosch J, Yoon S, Sayre T, Ngai W, Filippou G. One-year efficacy and safety of single or one to three weekly injections of hylan G-F 20 for knee osteoarthritis: a systematic literature review and meta-analysis. Clin Rheumatol. 2020; Available from: https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10067-020-05477-7","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-020-05477-7"},{"key":"2423_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"418","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.164.14.418","volume":"164","author":"RO Sanderson","year":"2009","unstructured":"Sanderson RO, Beata C, Flipo R-M, Genevois J-P, Macias C, Tacke S, et al. Systematic review of the management of canine osteoarthritis. Vet Rec. 2009;164:418\u201324 Available from: https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/19346540.","journal-title":"Vet Rec"},{"issue":"10","key":"2423_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1772","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.23191","volume":"34","author":"TD Pashuck","year":"2016","unstructured":"Pashuck TD, Kuroki K, Cook CR, Stoker AM, Cook JL. Hyaluronic acid versus saline intra-articular injections for amelioration of chronic knee osteoarthritis: a canine model. J Orthop Res. 2016;34(10):1772\u20139. Available from: https:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/jor.23191.","journal-title":"J Orthop Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"2423_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1007\/s100670170078","volume":"20","author":"LLK Fu","year":"2001","unstructured":"Fu LLK, Maffulli N, Chan KM. Intra-articular hyaluronic acid following knee immobilisation for 6 weeks in rabbits. Clin Rheumatol. 2001;20(2):98\u2013103. Available from: https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s100670170078.","journal-title":"Clin Rheumatol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2423_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.153.3.89","volume":"153","author":"L Hellstrom","year":"2003","unstructured":"Hellstrom L, Carlsson C, Boucher J, Michanek P. Intra-articular injections with high molecular weight sodium hyaluronate as a therapy for canine arthritis. Vet Rec. 2003;153(3):89\u201390. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/vr.153.3.89.","journal-title":"Vet Rec."},{"issue":"4","key":"2423_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-950X.2006.00159.x","volume":"35","author":"Y Fujita","year":"2006","unstructured":"Fujita Y, Hara Y, Nezu Y, Schulz KS, Tagawa M. Proinflammatory cytokine activities, matrix metalloproteinase-3 activity, and sulfated glycosaminoglycan content in synovial fluid of dogs with naturally acquired cranial cruciate ligament rupture. Vet Surg. 2006;35(4):369\u201376. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1532-950X.2006.00159.x.","journal-title":"Vet Surg."},{"issue":"1","key":"2423_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1186\/1746-6148-9-42","volume":"9","author":"D Bennett","year":"2013","unstructured":"Bennett D, Eckersall PD, Waterston M, Marchetti V, Rota A, Mcculloch E, et al. The effect of robenacoxib on the concentration of C-reactive protein in synovial fluid from dogs with osteoarthritis. BMC Vet Res. 2013;9(1):42. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1746-6148-9-42.","journal-title":"BMC Vet Res."},{"key":"2423_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Puckler K, Tellhelm B, Kirberger R. The hip joint and pelvis. In: Kirberger R, McEvoy F, editors. BSAVA Man Canine Feline Musculoskelet Imaging. Gloucester: Wiley; 2016. p. 212\u201331.","DOI":"10.22233\/9781910443293.14"},{"key":"2423_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fokam D, Lehmann C. Clinical assessment of arthritic knee pain by infrared thermography. J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol. 2019;30 Available from: https:\/\/www.degruyter.com\/view\/j\/jbcpp.2019.30.issue-3\/jbcpp-2017-0218\/jbcpp-2017-0218.xml.","DOI":"10.1515\/jbcpp-2017-0218"},{"key":"2423_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"A1","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0038-1668246","volume":"31","author":"W Clough","year":"2018","unstructured":"Clough W, Canapp S. Assessing clinical relevance of weight distribution as measured on a stance analyzer through comparison with lameness determined on a pressure sensitive walkway and clinical diagnosis. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol. 2018;31:A1\u201325 Available from: https:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/DOI\/DOI?10.1055\/s-0038-1668246.","journal-title":"Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol"},{"key":"2423_CR26","unstructured":"Gordon-Evans WJ. Gait analysis. In: Tobias K, Johnson S, editors. Vet Surgery Small Animal. 1st ed. St. Louis: Elsevier Saunders; 2012. p. 1190\u20136."},{"issue":"2","key":"2423_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2017.11.011","volume":"26","author":"BDX Lascelles","year":"2018","unstructured":"Lascelles BDX, Brown DC, Maixner W, Mogil JS. Spontaneous painful disease in companion animals can facilitate the development of chronic pain therapies for humans. Osteoarthr Cartil. 2018;26(2):175\u201383. Available from: https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1063458417313298. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.joca.2017.11.011.","journal-title":"Osteoarthr Cartil"},{"issue":"12","key":"2423_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"795","DOI":"10.2165\/00007256-200232120-00004","volume":"32","author":"C Tudor-Locke","year":"2002","unstructured":"Tudor-Locke C, Williams JE, Reis JP, Pluto D. Utility of pedometers for assessing physical activity. Sport Med. 2002;32(12):795\u2013808. Available from: https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.2165\/00007256-200232120-00004.","journal-title":"Sport Med"},{"key":"2423_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1186\/1751-0147-55-29","volume":"55","author":"HK Hyyti\u00e4inen","year":"2013","unstructured":"Hyyti\u00e4inen HK, M\u00f6ls\u00e4 SH, Junnila JT, Laitinen-Vapaavuori OM, Hielm-Bj\u00f6rkman AK. Ranking of physiotherapeutic evaluation methods as outcome measures of stifle functionality in dogs. Acta Vet Scand. 2013;55:29 Available from: https:\/\/actavetscand.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/1751-0147-55-29.","journal-title":"Acta Vet Scand"},{"key":"2423_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"eaaw9993","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.aaw9993","volume":"11","author":"C Robertson-Plouch","year":"2019","unstructured":"Robertson-Plouch C, Stille JR, Liu P, Smith C, Brown D, Warner M, et al. A randomized clinical efficacy study targeting mPGES1 or EP4 in dogs with spontaneous osteoarthritis. Sci Transl Med. 2019;11:eaaw9993 Available from: https:\/\/stm.sciencemag.org\/lookup\/doi\/10.1126\/scitranslmed.aaw9993.","journal-title":"Sci Transl Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"2423_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2014.09.022","volume":"52","author":"T Strasser","year":"2016","unstructured":"Strasser T, Peham C, Bockstahler BA, Turmezei TD, Treece GM, Gee AH, et al. Identification of quantitative trait loci for osteoarthritis of hip joints in dogs. Am J Vet Res. 2016;52(3):369\u201377. Available from: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tvjl.2014.09.022.","journal-title":"Am J Vet Res"},{"key":"2423_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"940","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.77.9.940","volume":"77","author":"DA Upchurch","year":"2016","unstructured":"Upchurch DA, Renberg WC, Roush JK, Milliken GA, Weiss ML. Effects of administration of adipose-derived stromal vascular fraction and platelet-rich plasma to dogs with osteoarthritis of the hip joints. Am J Vet Res. 2016;77:940\u201351 Available from: https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/doi\/10.2460\/ajvr.77.9.940.","journal-title":"Am J Vet Res"},{"key":"2423_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-950X.2014.12141.x","volume":"43","author":"DC Brown","year":"2014","unstructured":"Brown DC. The Canine Orthopedic Index. Step 2: Psychometric testing. Vet Surg. 2014;43:241\u20136 Available from: https:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1111\/j.1532-950X.2014.12141.x.","journal-title":"Vet Surg"},{"issue":"12","key":"2423_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1634","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.2004.65.1634","volume":"65","author":"JT Hudson","year":"2004","unstructured":"Hudson JT, Slater MR, Taylor L, Scott HM, Kerwin SC. Assessing repeatability and validity of a visual analogue scale questionnaire for use in assessing pain and lameness in dogs. Am J Vet Res. 2004;65(12):1634\u201343. Available from: https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/doi\/abs\/10.2460\/ajvr.2004.65.1634.","journal-title":"Am J Vet Res"},{"key":"2423_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hildebrandt C, Zeilberger K, John Ring EF, Raschner C. The Application of Medical Infrared Thermography in Sports Medicine. An Int Perspect Top Sport Med Sport Inj [Internet]. InTech; 2012. Available from: https:\/\/www.intechopen.com\/books\/an-international-perspective-on-topics-in-sports-medicine-and-sports-injury\/the-application-of-medical-infrared-thermography-in-sports-medicine","DOI":"10.5772\/28383"},{"key":"2423_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alves JC, Santos A, Jorge P, Lavrador C, Carreira LM. A pilot study on the efficacy of a single intra-articular administration of triamcinolone acetonide, hyaluronan, and a combination of both for clinical management of osteoarthritis in police working dogs. Front Vet Sci. 2020:7 Available from: https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fvets.2020.512523\/full.","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2020.512523"},{"key":"2423_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e58125","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0058125","volume":"8","author":"MB Walton","year":"2013","unstructured":"Walton MB, Cowderoy E, Lascelles D, Innes JF. Evaluation of construct and criterion validity for the \u2018Liverpool Osteoarthritis in Dogs\u2019 (LOAD) clinical metrology instrument and comparison to two other instruments. Wade C, editor. PLoS One. 2013;8:e58125 Available from: https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0058125.","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2423_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1539","DOI":"10.1292\/jvms.12-0180","volume":"74","author":"M Vainionp\u00e4\u00e4","year":"2012","unstructured":"Vainionp\u00e4\u00e4 M, Raekallio M, Tuhkalainen E, H\u00e4nninen H, Alhopuro N, Savolainen M, et al. Comparison of three thermal cameras with canine hip area thermographic images. J Vet Med Sci. 2012;74:1539\u201344 Available from: https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/22785576.","journal-title":"J Vet Med Sci"},{"key":"2423_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"McCarthy DA, Millis DL, Levine D, Weigel JP. Variables affecting thigh girth measurement and observer reliability in dogs. Front Vet Sci. 2018:5 Available from: https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/article\/10.3389\/fvets.2018.00203\/full.","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2018.00203"},{"key":"2423_CR40","unstructured":"Levine, D., Millis DL. Canine rehabilitation and physical therapy. 2014."},{"key":"2423_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2010","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.2005.226.2010","volume":"226","author":"CB Chan","year":"2005","unstructured":"Chan CB, Spierenburg M, Ihle SL, Tudor-Locke C. Use of pedometers to measure physical activity in dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc. 2005;226:2010\u20135 Available from: https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/15989183.","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"key":"2423_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Gregory MH, Capito N, Kuroki K, Stoker AM, Cook JL, Sherman SL. A review of translational animal models for knee osteoarthritis. Arthritis. 2012:1\u201314. Available from: https:\/\/www.hindawi.com\/journals\/arthritis\/2012\/764621\/. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2012\/764621.","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/764621"},{"issue":"4-5","key":"2423_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9290(93)90018-A","volume":"26","author":"AE Page","year":"1993","unstructured":"Page AE, Allan C, Jasty M, Harrigan TP, Bragdon CR, Harris WH. Determination of loading parameters in the canine hip in vivo. J Biomech. 1993;26(4-5):571\u20139. Available from: https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/002192909390018A. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0021-9290(93)90018-A.","journal-title":"J Biomech"},{"issue":"06","key":"2423_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0038-1667063","volume":"31","author":"W Clough","year":"2018","unstructured":"Clough W, Canapp S, Taboada L, Dycus D, Leasure C. Sensitivity and specificity of a weight distribution platform for the detection of objective lameness and orthopaedic disease. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol. 2018;31(06):391\u20135. Available from: https:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/DOI\/DOI?10.1055\/s-0038-1667063.","journal-title":"Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol"},{"key":"2423_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0055510","volume":"8","author":"B Zavan","year":"2013","unstructured":"Zavan B, Ferroni L, Giorgi C, Cal\u00f2 G, Brun P, Cortivo R, et al. Hyaluronic Acid Induces Activation of the \u03ba-Opioid Receptor. PLoS One. 2013;8:1\u20138.","journal-title":"PLoS One."},{"issue":"3","key":"2423_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.2478\/intox-2013-0019","volume":"6","author":"TM Tamer","year":"2013","unstructured":"Tamer TM. Hyaluronan and synovial joint: Function, distribution and healing. Interdiscip Toxicol. 2013;6(3):111\u201325. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2478\/intox-2013-0019.","journal-title":"Interdiscip Toxicol."},{"key":"2423_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Carapeba GOL, Cavaleti P, Nic\u00e1cio GM, Brinholi RB, Giuffrida R, Cassu RN. Intra-articular hyaluronic acid compared to traditional conservative treatment in dogs with osteoarthritis associated with hip dysplasia. Evid-Based Complement Altern Med. 2016:1\u201310 Available from: https:\/\/www.hindawi.com\/journals\/ecam\/2016\/2076921\/.","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/2076921"},{"issue":"6","key":"2423_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1697","DOI":"10.1002\/art.34453","volume":"64","author":"RF Loeser","year":"2012","unstructured":"Loeser RF, Goldring SR, Scanzello CR, Goldring MB. Osteoarthritis: a disease of the joint as an organ. Arthritis Rheum. 2012;64(6):1697\u2013707. Available from: https:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/art.34453.","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"2423_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1488","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.1996.57.10.1488","volume":"57","author":"JS Comer","year":"1996","unstructured":"Comer JS, Kincaid SA, Baird AN, Kammermann JR, Hanson RR, Ogawa Y. Immunolocalization of stromelysin, tumor necrosis factor (TNF) alpha, and TNF receptors in atrophied canine articular cartilage treated with hyaluronic acid and transforming growth factor beta. Am J Vet Res. 1996;57:1488\u201396 Available from: https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/8896690.","journal-title":"Am J Vet Res"},{"key":"2423_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Neuenschwander HM, Moreira JJ, Vendruscolo CP, F\u00fclber J, Seidel SRT, Michelacci YM, et al. Hyaluronic acid has chondroprotective and joint-preserving effects on LPS-induced synovitis in horses. J Vet Sci. 2019:20 Available from: https:\/\/synapse.koreamed.org\/DOIx.php?id=10.4142\/jvs.2019.20.e67.","DOI":"10.4142\/jvs.2019.20.e67"},{"issue":"9","key":"2423_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1633","DOI":"10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000000978","volume":"158","author":"MP Klinck","year":"2017","unstructured":"Klinck MP, Mogil JS, Moreau M, Lascelles BDX, Flecknell PA, Poitte T, et al. Translational pain assessment. Pain. 2017;158(9):1633\u201346. Available from: https:\/\/insights.ovid.com\/crossref?an=00006396-201709000-00004. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000000978.","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"2423_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Eitner A, Hofmann GO, Schaible H-G. Mechanisms of osteoarthritic pain. Studies in humans and experimental models. Front Mol Neurosci. 2017:10 Available from: https:\/\/journal.frontiersin.org\/article\/10.3389\/fnmol.2017.00349\/full.","DOI":"10.3389\/fnmol.2017.00349"},{"key":"2423_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1314","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.241.10.1314","volume":"241","author":"MG Conzemius","year":"2012","unstructured":"Conzemius MG, Evans RB. Caregiver placebo effect for dogs with lameness from osteoarthritis. J Am Vet Med Assoc. 2012;241:1314\u20139 Available from: https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/23113523.","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"key":"2423_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gene.2013.11.091","volume":"537","author":"MJ Piel","year":"2014","unstructured":"Piel MJ, Kroin JS, Van Wijnen AJ, Kc R, Im HJ. Pain assessment in animal models of osteoarthritis. Gene. 2014;537:184\u20138 Available from: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.gene.2013.11.091.","journal-title":"Gene"},{"key":"2423_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Previtali D, Merli G, Di Laura FG, Candrian C, Zaffagnini S, Filardo G. The long-lasting effects of \u201cplacebo injections\u201d in knee osteoarthritis: a meta-analysis. Cartilage. 2020:194760352090659 Available from: https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/1947603520906597.","DOI":"10.1177\/1947603520906597"},{"key":"2423_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Abantagelo G, Botti P, Bue M, Gei G, Samson JC, Cortivo R, et al. Intraarticular sodium hyaluronate injections in the Pond-Nuki experimental model of osteoarthritis in dogs. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1989:278\u201385 Available from: https:\/\/content.wkhealth.com\/linkback\/openurl?sid=WKPTLP:landingpage&an=00003086-198904000-00038.","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-198904000-00037"},{"issue":"8","key":"2423_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.2165\/00002512-200724080-00002","volume":"24","author":"DD Waddell","year":"2007","unstructured":"Waddell DD. Viscosupplementation with hyaluronans for osteoarthritis of the knee clinical efficacy and economic implications. Drugs Aging. 2007;24(8):629\u201342. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2165\/00002512-200724080-00002.","journal-title":"Drugs Aging."},{"key":"2423_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1186\/s13028-019-0460-6","volume":"61","author":"TM Niemel\u00e4","year":"2019","unstructured":"Niemel\u00e4 TM, Tulamo R-M, Carmona JU, L\u00f3pez C. Evaluation of the effect of experimentally induced cartilage defect and intra-articular hyaluronan on synovial fluid biomarkers in intercarpal joints of horses. Acta Vet Scand. 2019;61:24 Available from: https:\/\/actavetscand.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s13028-019-0460-6.","journal-title":"Acta Vet Scand"}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.1186\/s13018-023-03806-5","type":"retraction","label":"Retraction","source":"retraction-watch","updated":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,28]],"date-time":"2023-04-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1682640000000},"record-id":"44127"},{"DOI":"10.1186\/s13018-023-03806-5","type":"retraction","label":"Retraction","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,28]],"date-time":"2023-04-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1682640000000}}],"container-title":["Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13018-021-02423-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s13018-021-02423-4\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13018-021-02423-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,29]],"date-time":"2024-08-29T22:52:41Z","timestamp":1724971961000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/josr-online.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s13018-021-02423-4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,3]]},"references-count":58,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]}},"alternative-id":["2423"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13018-021-02423-4","relation":{},"ISSN":["1749-799X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1749-799X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"19 March 2021","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"14 April 2021","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"3 May 2021","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"28 April 2023","order":4,"name":"change_date","label":"Change Date","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"Correction","order":5,"name":"change_type","label":"Change Type","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"This article has been retracted. Please see the Retraction Notice for more detail:","order":6,"name":"change_details","label":"Change Details","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13018-023-03806-5","URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13018-023-03806-5","order":7,"name":"change_details","label":"Change Details","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This project was approved by the ethical review committee of the University of \u00c9vora (\u00d3rg\u00e3o Respons\u00e1vel pelo Bem-estar dos Animais da Universidade de \u00c9vora, approval n\u00b0 GD\/32055\/2018\/P1, September 25, 2018) and complies with ARRIVE guidelines. All methods were carried out in accordance with relevant guidelines and regulations. Written, informed consent was obtained from the Institution responsible for the animals (Guarda Nacional Republicana, Portuguese Gendarmerie) through dispatch of the Doctrine and Training Commander n\u00b0327\/16, dated September 16, 2016.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"FujiFilm Europe GmbH provided the CRP tests used in this study, the Stance Analyser was provided by Companion, LiteCure LLC\u00ae, and the digital thermography camera was provided by Specman, Lda\u00ae.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"290"}}