{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]],"date-time":"2026-07-21T04:57:48Z","timestamp":1784609868780,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,7]],"date-time":"2021-06-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1623024000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,7]],"date-time":"2021-06-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1623024000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Orthop Surg Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Bone fractures are medical emergencies that require prompt intervention to help return bone to its normal function. Various methods and treatments have been utilized to increase the speed and efficiency of bone repair. This study aimed to investigate the treatment effects of <jats:italic>Prunus dulcis<\/jats:italic> aqueous extract on tibial bone healing in rabbits.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>All animals were distributed in five groups with six rats in each group, including the sham group, the control group in which tibial lesion was made and received distilled water, treatment groups with 150 mg kg<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>, 300 mg kg<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup> doses of <jats:italic>Prunus dulcis<\/jats:italic> extract, and osteocare treated group. Biochemical blood factors including calcium, phosphorus, and alkaline phosphatase (on days 0, 10, 30, and 50), biomarkers of oxidative stress such as GPx, CAT, and MDA (on days 10 and 30), radiological evaluation, histopathological parameters, and osteocalcin immunohistochemical expression were assessed.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The data showed calcium levels in the treatment groups increased significantly from day 10 to day 50, respectively, and blood phosphorus levels decreased from day 10 to day 50 in the treatment groups. Alkaline phosphatase initially increased and then decreased in treatment groups. In the treatment groups, GPx and CAT levels significantly increased, and the serum amount of MDA reduced. The best antioxidant results were related to the extract-treated group with a higher dose. Radiographic score was significantly higher in the treatment groups than the control group on day 30. Based on the pathological findings, the healing occurred faster in the extract-treated group with a higher dose. Osteocalcin expression was significantly higher in the control group than that in the treatment groups.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Treatment with <jats:italic>Prunus dulcis<\/jats:italic> extract with a dosage of 300 mg\/kg accelerated tibial bone healing in rabbits.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Graphical abstract<\/jats:title>\n                \n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13018-021-02498-z","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,7]],"date-time":"2021-06-07T05:02:38Z","timestamp":1623042158000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["The effect of aqueous extract of Prunus dulcis on tibial bone healing in the rabbit"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Nima","family":"Anaraki","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amir Hossein","family":"Beyraghi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8769-4284","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abbas","family":"Raisi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Farshid","family":"Davoodi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ghasem","family":"Farjanikish","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amin Bigham","family":"Sadegh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,7]]},"reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"2498_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1089\/ten.teb.2010.0704","volume":"17","author":"AR Costa-Pinto","year":"2011","unstructured":"Costa-Pinto AR, Reis RL, Neves NM. Scaffolds based bone tissue engineering: the role of chitosan. Tissue Eng Part B Rev. 2011;17(5):331\u201347 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/ten.teb.2010.0704.","journal-title":"Tissue Eng Part B Rev"},{"key":"2498_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2014.07.033","volume":"70","author":"E G\u00f3mez-Barrena","year":"2015","unstructured":"G\u00f3mez-Barrena E, Rosset P, Lozano D, Stanovici J, Ermthaller C, Gerbhard F. Bone fracture healing: cell therapy in delayed unions and nonunions. Bone. 2015;70:93\u2013101 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bone.2014.07.033.","journal-title":"Bone."},{"key":"2498_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Amini AR, Laurencin CT, Nukavarapu SP. Bone tissue engineering: recent advances and challenges. Crit Rev Biomed Eng. 2012;40(5) https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1615\/CritRevBiomedEng.v40.i5.10.","DOI":"10.1615\/CritRevBiomedEng.v40.i5.10"},{"issue":"8","key":"2498_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e73893","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0073893","volume":"8","author":"S Giannotti","year":"2013","unstructured":"Giannotti S, Trombi L, Bottai V, Ghilardi M, D'Alessandro D, Danti S, et al. Use of autologous human mesenchymal stromal cell\/fibrin clot constructs in upper limb non-unions: long-term assessment. PLoS One. 2013;8(8):e73893. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0073893.","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"5","key":"2498_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1029","DOI":"10.1016\/S0195-5616(99)50101-0","volume":"29","author":"A Remedios","year":"1999","unstructured":"Remedios A. Bone and bone healing. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim. 1999;29(5):1029\u201344. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0195-5616(99)50101-0.","journal-title":"Vet Clin North Am Small Anim"},{"issue":"10","key":"2498_CR6","first-page":"93","volume":"6","author":"S Adhikari","year":"2017","unstructured":"Adhikari S, Gurung TM, Koirala A, Adhikari BR, Gurung R, Basnet S, et al. Study on fracture healing activity of ethnomedicinal plants in western Nepal. World J Pharm Pharm Sci. 2017;6(10):93\u2013102.","journal-title":"World J Pharm Pharm Sci"},{"key":"2498_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2020.01.002","volume":"144","author":"F Davoodi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Davoodi F, Taheri S, Raisi A, Rajabzadeh A, Ahmadvand H, Hablolvarid MH, et al. Investigating the sperm parameters, oxidative stress and histopathological effects of salvia miltiorrhiza hydroalcoholic extract in the prevention of testicular ischemia reperfusion damage in rats. Theriogenology. 2020;144:98\u2013106 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2020.01.002.","journal-title":"Theriogenology."},{"issue":"13","key":"2498_CR8","first-page":"13","volume":"28","author":"O Akerele","year":"1993","unstructured":"Akerele O. Summary of WHO guidelines for the assessment of herbal medicines. Herbal Gram. 1993;28(13):13\u20139.","journal-title":"Herbal Gram"},{"issue":"12","key":"2498_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox8120647","volume":"8","author":"M Kahlaoui","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kahlaoui M, Borotto Dalla Vecchia S, Giovine F, Ben Haj Kbaier H, Bouzouita N, Barbosa Pereira L, et al. Characterization of polyphenolic compounds extracted from different varieties of Almond Hulls (Prunus dulcis L.). Antioxidants. 2019;8(12):647 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/antiox8120647.","journal-title":"Antioxidants"},{"issue":"10","key":"2498_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1774","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules22101774","volume":"22","author":"I Prgomet","year":"2017","unstructured":"Prgomet I, Gon\u00e7alves B, Dom\u00ednguez-Perles R, Pascual-Seva N, Barros AI. Valorization challenges to almond residues: phytochemical composition and functional application. Molecules. 2017;22(10):1774 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/molecules22101774.","journal-title":"Molecules."},{"issue":"3","key":"2498_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"672","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12030672","volume":"12","author":"D Barreca","year":"2020","unstructured":"Barreca D, Nabavi SM, Sureda A, Rasekhian M, Raciti R, Silva AS, et al. Almonds (Prunus Dulcis Mill. DA Webb): a source of nutrients and health-promoting compounds. Nutrients. 2020;12(3):672 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu12030672.","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"3","key":"2498_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.4142\/jvs.2013.14.3.337","volume":"14","author":"A Bigham-Sadegh","year":"2013","unstructured":"Bigham-Sadegh A, Karimi I, Alebouye M, Shafie-Sarvestani Z, Oryan A. Evaluation of bone healing in canine tibial defects filled with cortical autograft, commercial-DBM, calf fetal DBM, omentum and omentum-calf fetal DBM. J Vet Sci. 2013;14(3):337\u201343 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4142\/jvs.2013.14.3.337.","journal-title":"J Vet Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"2498_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1016\/S0030-5898(20)30385-0","volume":"18","author":"JM Lane","year":"1987","unstructured":"Lane JM, Sandhu H. Current approaches to experimental bone grafting. Orthop Clin North Am. 1987;18(2):213\u201325. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0030-5898(20)30385-0.","journal-title":"Orthop Clin North Am"},{"issue":"6","key":"2498_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1590\/0103-6440201302362","volume":"24","author":"T Verbicaro","year":"2013","unstructured":"Verbicaro T, Giovanini AF, Zielak JC, Baratto Filho F, Araujo MR, Deliberador TM. Osteocalcin immunohistochemical expression during repair of critical-sized bone defects treated with subcutaneous adipose tissue in rat and rabbit animal model. Braz Dent J. 2013;24(6):559\u201364 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1590\/0103-6440201302362.","journal-title":"Braz Dent J"},{"issue":"4","key":"2498_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3171\/foc.2001.10.4.2","volume":"10","author":"IH Kalfas","year":"2001","unstructured":"Kalfas IH. Principles of bone healing. Neurosurg Focus. 2001;10(4):1\u20134 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3171\/foc.2001.10.4.2.","journal-title":"Neurosurg Focus"},{"issue":"8","key":"2498_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1353","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/45.8.1353","volume":"45","author":"LG Raisz","year":"1999","unstructured":"Raisz LG. Physiology and pathophysiology of bone remodeling. Clin Chem. 1999;45(8):1353\u20138 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/clinchem\/45.8.1353.","journal-title":"Clin Chem"},{"key":"2498_CR17","unstructured":"Bilezikian JP, Raisz LG, Martin TJ. Principles of bone biology. Cambridge: Academic press; 2008."},{"issue":"5","key":"2498_CR18","first-page":"644","volume":"17","author":"A Gorustovich","year":"2002","unstructured":"Gorustovich A, Rosenbusch M, Guglielmotti MB. Characterization of bone around titanium implants and bioactive glass particles: an experimental study in rats. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 2002;17(5):644.","journal-title":"Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants"},{"key":"2498_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S216","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-199810001-00022","volume":"355","author":"M Hadjiargyrou","year":"1998","unstructured":"Hadjiargyrou M, McLeod K, Ryaby JP, Rubin C. Enhancement of fracture healing by low intensity ultrasound. Clin Orthop Relat Res (1976-2007). 1998;355:S216.","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res (1976-2007)"},{"issue":"1","key":"2498_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1016\/j.orthres.2004.05.003","volume":"23","author":"MN Rumi","year":"2005","unstructured":"Rumi MN, Deol GS, Singapuri KP, Pellegrini VD Jr. The origin of osteoprogenitor cells responsible for heterotopic ossification following hip surgery: an animal model in the rabbit. J Orthop Res. 2005;23(1):34\u201340 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.orthres.2004.05.003.","journal-title":"J Orthop Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"2498_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1186\/s12906-017-1686-3","volume":"17","author":"NT Florence","year":"2017","unstructured":"Florence NT, Huguette STS, Hubert DJ, Raceline GK, Desire DDP, Pierre K, et al. Aqueous extract of Peperomia pellucida (L.) HBK accelerates fracture healing in Wistar rats. BMC Compl Alternative Med. 2017;17(1):188 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12906-017-1686-3.","journal-title":"BMC Compl Alternative Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"2498_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.26477\/jbcd.v31i2.2618","volume":"31","author":"RM Omer","year":"2019","unstructured":"Omer RM, Baban DA, Ahmed BM. Effect of oral supplementation for rabbits of pomegranate seed extract on some serum biochemical parameters in relation to oral inflammation, oxidative stress, and wound healing. JBCD. 2019;31(2):14\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.26477\/jbcd.v31i2.2618.","journal-title":"JBCD."},{"issue":"1","key":"2498_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12917-015-0629-9","volume":"12","author":"MRM Ibrahim","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ibrahim MRM, Singh S, Merican AM, Raghavendran HRB, Murali MR, Naveen SV, et al. The effect of strontium ranelate on the healing of a fractured ulna with bone gap in rabbit. BMC Vet Res. 2016;12(1):1\u20139 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12917-016-0724-6.","journal-title":"BMC Vet Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"2498_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1186\/s12906-017-1862-5","volume":"17","author":"VFP Neto","year":"2017","unstructured":"Neto VFP, Ribeiro RM, Morais CS, Campos MB, Vieira DA, Guerra PC, et al. Chenopodium ambrosioides as a bone graft substitute in rabbits radius fracture. BMC Compl Alternative Med. 2017;17(1):350 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12906-017-1862-5.","journal-title":"BMC Compl Alternative Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"2498_CR25","first-page":"336","volume":"6","author":"R Giri","year":"2015","unstructured":"Giri R, Giri K, Palandurkar M. Use of biochemical parameters in radiologically proved fracture healing property of Arjuna Terminalia, in rats. Res J Pharm, Biol Chem Sci. 2015;6(4):336\u201343.","journal-title":"Res J Pharm, Biol Chem Sci"},{"issue":"8","key":"2498_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1080\/10408390500466174","volume":"46","author":"C Palacios","year":"2006","unstructured":"Palacios C. The role of nutrients in bone health, from A to Z. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2006;46(8):621\u20138 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10408390500466174.","journal-title":"Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr"},{"issue":"2","key":"2498_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.22034\/IVSA.2019.193769.1189","volume":"14","author":"H Farahi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Farahi H, Mashhadi-Rafie S, Jahandideh A, Asghari A, Shirazi-Beheshtiha SH. Evaluation of possible beneficial effect of tricalcium phosphate\/collagen (TCP\/Collagen) nanocomposite scaffold on bone healing in rabbits: biochemical assessments. IJVS. 2019;14(2):162\u201372 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.22034\/IVSA.2019.193769.1189.","journal-title":"IJVS."},{"issue":"3","key":"2498_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1007\/s00580-008-0796-1","volume":"18","author":"MD Paskalev","year":"2009","unstructured":"Paskalev MD. Time course of serum malondialdehyde concentrations as a marker of oxidative stress in experimental canine osteotomies fixed by two different techniques. Comp Clin Pathol. 2009;18(3):265\u20138 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00580-008-0796-1.","journal-title":"Comp Clin Pathol"},{"issue":"11","key":"2498_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1732","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.21452","volume":"29","author":"AN Shuid","year":"2011","unstructured":"Shuid AN, Mohamad S, Muhammad N, Fadzilah FM, Mokhtar SA, Mohamed N, et al. Effects of \u03b1-tocopherol on the early phase of osteoporotic fracture healing. J Orthop Res. 2011;29(11):1732\u20138 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jor.21452.","journal-title":"J Orthop Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"2498_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1207\/s15327914nc5402_4","volume":"54","author":"X Jia","year":"2006","unstructured":"Jia X, Li N, Zhang W, Zhang X, Lapsley K, Huang G, et al. A pilot study on the effects of almond consumption on DNA damage and oxidative stress in smokers. Nutr Cancer. 2006;54(2):179\u201383 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1207\/s15327914nc5402_4.","journal-title":"Nutr Cancer"},{"issue":"4","key":"2498_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1007\/s10561-011-9285-x","volume":"13","author":"A Oryan","year":"2012","unstructured":"Oryan A, Parizi AM, Shafiei-Sarvestani Z, Bigham A. Effects of combined hydroxyapatite and human platelet rich plasma on bone healing in rabbit model: radiological, macroscopical, hidtopathological and biomechanical evaluation. Cell Tissue Bank. 2012;13(4):639\u201351 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10561-011-9285-x.","journal-title":"Cell Tissue Bank"},{"issue":"1","key":"2498_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1186\/1749-799X-3-4","volume":"3","author":"MA Matos","year":"2008","unstructured":"Matos MA, Ara\u00fajo FP, Paix\u00e3o FB. Histomorphometric evaluation of bone healing in rabbit fibular osteotomy model without fixation. J Orthop Surg Res. 2008;3(1):4 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1749-799X-3-4.","journal-title":"J Orthop Surg Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"2498_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jss.2010.01.045","volume":"171","author":"C-J Wang","year":"2011","unstructured":"Wang C-J, Huang K-E, Sun Y-C, Yang Y-J, Ko J-Y, Weng L-H, et al. VEGF modulates angiogenesis and osteogenesis in shockwave-promoted fracture healing in rabbits. J Surg Res. 2011;171(1):114\u20139 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jss.2010.01.045.","journal-title":"J Surg Res"}],"container-title":["Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13018-021-02498-z.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s13018-021-02498-z\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13018-021-02498-z.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,7]],"date-time":"2021-06-07T05:02:45Z","timestamp":1623042165000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/josr-online.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s13018-021-02498-z"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,7]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]}},"alternative-id":["2498"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13018-021-02498-z","relation":{},"ISSN":["1749-799X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1749-799X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"18 December 2020","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"23 May 2021","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"7 June 2021","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This study was carried out at Lorestan University and was approved by the Animal Ethics Committee of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Lorestan University.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"362"}}