{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,6]],"date-time":"2026-09-06T04:44:04Z","timestamp":1788669844758,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,18]],"date-time":"2021-08-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1629244800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,18]],"date-time":"2021-08-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1629244800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"the national natural science foundation of china","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["82072447"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82072447"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"the national natural science foundation of china","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["81401789"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81401789"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"the hebei national science foundation-outstanding youth foundation","award":["H2017206104"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["H2017206104"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Orthop Surg Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Cannulated screws (CS) are one of the most widely used treatments for femoral neck fracture, however, associated with high rate of complications. In this study, we designed a new type of cannulated screws called degradable magnesium alloy bionic cannulated screws (DMBCS) and our aim was to compare the biomechanical properties of DMBCS, the traditionally used titanium alloy bionic cannulated screws (TBCS) and titanium alloy cannulated screws (TTCS).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>A proximal femur model was established based on CT data of a lower extremity from a voluntary healthy man. Garden type III femoral neck fracture was constructed and fixed with DMBCS, TBCS, and TTCS, respectively. Biomechanical effect which three type of CS models have on femoral neck fracture was evaluated and compared using von Mises stress distribution and displacement.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>In the normal model, the maximum stress value of cortical bone and cancellous bone was 76.18 and 6.82 MPa, and the maximum displacement was 5.52 mm. Under 3 different fracture healing status, the stress peak value of the cortical bone and cancellous bone in the DMBCS fixation model was lower than that in the TTCS and TBCS fixation, while the maximum displacement of DMBCS fixation model was slightly higher than that of TTCS and TBCS fixation models. As the fracture heals, stress peak value of the screws and cortical bone of intact models are decreasing, while stress peak value of cancellous bone is increasing initially and then decreasing.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The DMBCS exhibits the superior biomechanical performance than TTCS and TBCS, whose fixation model is closest to the normal model in stress distribution. DMBCS is expected to reduce the rates of post-operative complications with traditional internal fixation and provide practical guidance for the structural design of CS for clinical applications.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13018-021-02665-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,18]],"date-time":"2021-08-18T06:24:18Z","timestamp":1629267858000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Titanium alloy cannulated screws and biodegradable magnesium alloy bionic cannulated screws for treatment of femoral neck fractures: a finite element analysis"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Kai","family":"Ding","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weijie","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jian","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaodong","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haicheng","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Du","family":"Hao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Song","family":"Yinuo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanbin","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yingze","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qi","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,18]]},"reference":[{"issue":"8","key":"2665_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e807","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(17)30222-X","volume":"5","author":"W Chen","year":"2017","unstructured":"Chen W, Lv H, Liu S, Liu B, Zhu Y, Chen X, et al. National incidence of traumatic fractures in China: a retrospective survey of 512\u2008187 individuals. Lancet Glob Health. 2017;5(8):e807\u201317. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S2214-109X(17)30222-X.","journal-title":"Lancet Glob Health."},{"issue":"2","key":"2665_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1177\/1602400205","volume":"24","author":"LJ Major","year":"2016","unstructured":"Major LJ, North JB. Predictors of mortality in patients with femoral neck fracture. J Orthop Surg (Hong Kong). 2016;24(2):150\u20132.","journal-title":"J Orthop Surg (Hong Kong)"},{"issue":"3","key":"2665_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1532-5415.2003.51110.x","volume":"51","author":"RS Braithwaite","year":"2003","unstructured":"Braithwaite RS, Col NF, Wong JB. Estimating hip fracture morbidity, mortality and costs. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2003;51(3):364\u201370. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1046\/j.1532-5415.2003.51110.x.","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc."},{"issue":"10","key":"2665_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1633","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-009-0920-3","volume":"20","author":"B Abrahamsen","year":"2009","unstructured":"Abrahamsen B, van Staa T, Ariely R, Olson M, Cooper C. Excess mortality following hip fracture: a systematic epidemiological review. Osteoporos Int. 2009;20(10):1633\u201350. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00198-009-0920-3.","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int."},{"key":"2665_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2014.06.011","volume":"66","author":"C Klop","year":"2014","unstructured":"Klop C, Welsing PM, Cooper C, Harvey NC, Elders PJ, Bijlsma JW, et al. Mortality in British hip fracture patients, 2000-2010: a population-based retrospective cohort study. Bone. 2014;66:171\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bone.2014.06.011.","journal-title":"Bone."},{"issue":"3","key":"2665_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1097\/BOT.0000000000000291","volume":"29","author":"AV Florschutz","year":"2015","unstructured":"Florschutz AV, Langford JR, Haidukewych GJ, Koval KJ. Femoral neck fractures: current management. J Orthop Trauma. 2015;29(3):121\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/BOT.0000000000000291.","journal-title":"J Orthop Trauma."},{"key":"2665_CR7","first-page":"37","volume":"67","author":"BD Crist","year":"2018","unstructured":"Crist BD, Eastman J, Lee MA, Ferguson TA, Finkemeier CG. Femoral neck fractures in young patients. Instr Course Lect. 2018;67:37\u201349.","journal-title":"Instr Course Lect."},{"issue":"3","key":"2665_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2014.11.028","volume":"46","author":"GP Slobogean","year":"2015","unstructured":"Slobogean GP, Sprague SA, Scott T, McKee M, Bhandari M. Management of young femoral neck fractures: is there a consensus? Injury. 2015;46(3):435\u201340. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.injury.2014.11.028.","journal-title":"Injury."},{"issue":"5","key":"2665_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aott.2017.07.006","volume":"51","author":"C Chen","year":"2017","unstructured":"Chen C, Yu L, Tang X, Liu MZ, Sun LZ, Liu C, et al. Dynamic hip system blade versus cannulated compression screw for the treatment of femoral neck fractures: a retrospective study. Acta Orthop Traumatol Turc. 2017;51(5):381\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.aott.2017.07.006.","journal-title":"Acta Orthop Traumatol Turc."},{"issue":"1","key":"2665_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-199401000-00003","volume":"76","author":"GL Lu-Yao","year":"1994","unstructured":"Lu-Yao GL, Keller RB, Littenberg B, Wennberg JE. Outcomes after displaced fractures of the femoral neck. A meta-analysis of one hundred and six published reports. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1994;76(1):15\u201325. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2106\/00004623-199401000-00003.","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am."},{"issue":"1","key":"2665_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ta.0000241143.71274.63","volume":"64","author":"M Zlowodzki","year":"2008","unstructured":"Zlowodzki M, Ayeni O, Petrisor BA, Bhandari M. Femoral neck shortening after fracture fixation with multiple cancellous screws: incidence and effect on function. J Trauma. 2008;64(1):163\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/01.ta.0000241143.71274.63.","journal-title":"J Trauma."},{"issue":"3","key":"2665_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"484","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2014.10.010","volume":"46","author":"GP Slobogean","year":"2015","unstructured":"Slobogean GP, Sprague SA, Scott T, Bhandari M. Complications following young femoral neck fractures. Injury. 2015;46(3):484\u201391. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.injury.2014.10.010.","journal-title":"Injury."},{"issue":"3","key":"2665_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2014.11.017","volume":"46","author":"M Li","year":"2015","unstructured":"Li M, Cole PA. Anatomical considerations in adult femoral neck fractures: how anatomy influences the treatment issues? Injury. 2015;46(3):453\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.injury.2014.11.017.","journal-title":"Injury."},{"issue":"5","key":"2665_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"816","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2014.12.022","volume":"48","author":"S Nawathe","year":"2015","unstructured":"Nawathe S, Nguyen BP, Barzanian N, Akhlaghpour H, Bouxsein ML, Keaveny TM. Cortical and trabecular load sharing in the human femoral neck. J Biomech. 2015;48(5):816\u201322. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2014.12.022.","journal-title":"J Biomech."},{"issue":"12","key":"2665_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2743","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2016.10.022","volume":"47","author":"HK Song","year":"2016","unstructured":"Song HK, Choi HJ, Yang KH. Risk factors of avascular necrosis of the femoral head and fixation failure in patients with valgus angulated femoral neck fractures over the age of 50 years. Injury. 2016;47(12):2743\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.injury.2016.10.022.","journal-title":"Injury."},{"issue":"4","key":"2665_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"827","DOI":"10.1007\/s00264-011-1344-1","volume":"36","author":"RK Sen","year":"2012","unstructured":"Sen RK, Tripathy SK, Goyal T, Aggarwal S, Tahasildar N, Singh D, et al. Osteosynthesis of femoral-neck nonunion with angle blade plate and autogenous fibular graft. Int Orthop. 2012;36(4):827\u201332. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00264-011-1344-1.","journal-title":"Int Orthop."},{"issue":"3","key":"2665_CR17","first-page":"205","volume":"2","author":"TM Keaveny","year":"2002","unstructured":"Keaveny TM, Yeh OC. Architecture and trabecular bone\u2014toward an improved understanding of the biomechanical effects of age, sex and osteoporosis. J Musculoskelet Neuronal Interact. 2002;2(3):205\u20138.","journal-title":"J Musculoskelet Neuronal Interact."},{"issue":"4","key":"2665_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1757-7861.2009.00053.x","volume":"1","author":"Q Zhang","year":"2009","unstructured":"Zhang Q, Chen W, Liu HJ, Li ZY, Song ZH, Pan JS, et al. The role of the calcar femorale in stress distribution in the proximal femur. Orthop Surg. 2009;1(4):311\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1757-7861.2009.00053.x.","journal-title":"Orthop Surg."},{"issue":"2","key":"2665_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.2033","volume":"29","author":"S Nawathe","year":"2014","unstructured":"Nawathe S, Akhlaghpour H, Bouxsein ML, Keaveny TM. Microstructural failure mechanisms in the human proximal femur for sideways fall loading. J Bone Miner Res. 2014;29(2):507\u201315. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jbmr.2033.","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"2665_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2009.10.008","volume":"96","author":"M G\u00fcven","year":"2010","unstructured":"G\u00fcven M, Yavuz U, Kadio\u011flu B, Akman B, Kilin\u00e7o\u011flu V, Unay K, et al. Importance of screw position in intertrochanteric femoral fractures treated by dynamic hip screw. Orthop Traumatol Surg Res. 2010;96(1):21\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.otsr.2009.10.008.","journal-title":"Orthop Traumatol Surg Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"2665_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1243\/09544119JEIM156","volume":"222","author":"S Sowmianarayanan","year":"2008","unstructured":"Sowmianarayanan S, Chandrasekaran A, Kumar RK. Finite element analysis of a subtrochanteric fractured femur with dynamic hip screw, dynamic condylar screw, and proximal femur nail implants--a comparative study. Proc Inst Mech Eng H. 2008;222(1):117\u201327. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1243\/09544119JEIM156.","journal-title":"Proc Inst Mech Eng H."},{"issue":"11","key":"2665_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0188034","volume":"12","author":"FY Tsuang","year":"2017","unstructured":"Tsuang FY, Hsieh YY, Kuo YJ, Chen CH, Lin FH, Chen CS, et al. Assessment of the suitability of biodegradable rods for use in posterior lumbar fusion: an in-vitro biomechanical evaluation and finite element analysis. PLoS One. 2017;12(11):e0188034. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0188034.","journal-title":"PLoS One."},{"issue":"6","key":"2665_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"805","DOI":"10.1007\/s00776-011-0145-0","volume":"16","author":"NS Taheri","year":"2011","unstructured":"Taheri NS, Blicblau AS, Singh M. Comparative study of two materials for dynamic hip screw during fall and gait loading: titanium alloy and stainless steel. J Orthop Sci. 2011;16(6):805\u201313. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00776-011-0145-0.","journal-title":"J Orthop Sci."},{"issue":"9","key":"2665_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1358","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-199309000-00011","volume":"75","author":"TD Brown","year":"1993","unstructured":"Brown TD, Pedersen DR, Baker KJ, Brand RA. Mechanical consequences of core drilling and bone-grafting on osteonecrosis of the femoral head. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1993;75(9):1358\u201367. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2106\/00004623-199309000-00011.","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am."},{"issue":"2","key":"2665_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2013.04.016","volume":"55","author":"FM Lambers","year":"2013","unstructured":"Lambers FM, Koch K, Kuhn G, Ruffoni D, Weigt C, Schulte FA, et al. Trabecular bone adapts to long-term cyclic loading by increasing stiffness and normalization of dynamic morphometric rates. Bone. 2013;55(2):325\u201334. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bone.2013.04.016.","journal-title":"Bone."},{"key":"2665_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2019.12.023","volume":"103","author":"F Kiani","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kiani F, Wen C, Li Y. Prospects and strategies for magnesium alloys as biodegradable implants from crystalline to bulk metallic glasses and composites\u2014a review. Acta Biomater. 2020;103:1\u201323. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.actbio.2019.12.023.","journal-title":"Acta Biomater."},{"issue":"6","key":"2665_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"652","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2010.02.022","volume":"41","author":"MJ Gardner","year":"2010","unstructured":"Gardner MJ, Nork SE, Huber P, Krieg JC. Less rigid stable fracture fixation in osteoporotic bone using locked plates with near cortical slots. Injury. 2010;41(6):652\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.injury.2010.02.022.","journal-title":"Injury."},{"issue":"8517","key":"2665_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1185","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(86)92196-3","volume":"2","author":"J Kenwright","year":"1986","unstructured":"Kenwright J, Richardson JB, Goodship AE, Evans M, Kelly DJ, Spriggins AJ, et al. Effect of controlled axial micromovement on healing of tibial fractures. Lancet. 1986;2(8517):1185\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0140-6736(86)92196-3.","journal-title":"Lancet."},{"issue":"3","key":"2665_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1097\/BTH.0000000000000127","volume":"20","author":"JF Styron","year":"2016","unstructured":"Styron JF, Marinello PG, Peers S, Seitz WH Jr. Survivorship of Trabecular Metal Anchored Glenoid Total Shoulder Arthroplasties. Tech Hand Up Extrem Surg. 2016;20(3):113\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/BTH.0000000000000127.","journal-title":"Tech Hand Up Extrem Surg."},{"issue":"12","key":"2665_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1585","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.90B12.20797","volume":"90","author":"A Henricson","year":"2008","unstructured":"Henricson A, Linder L, Nilsson KG. A trabecular metal tibial component in total knee replacement in patients younger than 60 years: a two-year radiostereophotogrammetric analysis. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 2008;90(12):1585\u201393.","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Br."},{"issue":"1","key":"2665_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arth.2013.04.014","volume":"29","author":"M Niemel\u00e4inen","year":"2014","unstructured":"Niemel\u00e4inen M, Skytt\u00e4 ET, Remes V, M\u00e4kel\u00e4 K, Eskelinen A. Total knee arthroplasty with an uncemented trabecular metal tibial component: a registry-based analysis. J Arthroplasty. 2014;29(1):57\u201360. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.arth.2013.04.014.","journal-title":"J Arthroplasty."},{"issue":"1","key":"2665_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1007\/s11999-007-0008-3","volume":"466","author":"KN Malizos","year":"2008","unstructured":"Malizos KN, Bargiotas K, Papatheodorou L, Hantes M, Karachalios T. Survivorship of monoblock trabecular metal cups in primary THA : midterm results. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2008;466(1):159\u201366. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11999-007-0008-3.","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res."},{"issue":"7","key":"2665_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"662","DOI":"10.3928\/0147-7447-20050701-13","volume":"28","author":"JB Stiehl","year":"2005","unstructured":"Stiehl JB. Trabecular metal in hip reconstructive surgery. Orthopedics. 2005;28(7):662\u201370. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3928\/0147-7447-20050701-13.","journal-title":"Orthopedics."},{"issue":"5","key":"2665_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"711","DOI":"10.1007\/s00402-010-1218-9","volume":"131","author":"JE Biemond","year":"2011","unstructured":"Biemond JE, Aquarius R, Verdonschot N, Buma P. Frictional and bone ingrowth properties of engineered surface topographies produced by electron beam technology. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg. 2011;131(5):711\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00402-010-1218-9.","journal-title":"Arch Orthop Trauma Surg."},{"issue":"5","key":"2665_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"907","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.81B5.0810907","volume":"81","author":"JD Bobyn","year":"1999","unstructured":"Bobyn JD, Stackpool GJ, Hacking SA, Tanzer M, Krygier JJ. Characteristics of bone ingrowth and interface mechanics of a new porous tantalum biomaterial. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 1999;81(5):907\u201314. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1302\/0301-620X.81B5.0810907.","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Br."},{"issue":"2","key":"2665_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1007\/s10534-019-00170-y","volume":"32","author":"S Kamrani","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kamrani S, Fleck C. Biodegradable magnesium alloys as temporary orthopaedic implants: a review. Biometals. 2019;32(2):185\u201393. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10534-019-00170-y.","journal-title":"Biometals."},{"issue":"1","key":"2665_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-015-0790-0","volume":"16","author":"X Yu","year":"2015","unstructured":"Yu X, Zhao D, Huang S, Wang B, Zhang X, Wang W, et al. Biodegradable magnesium screws and vascularized iliac grafting for displaced femoral neck fracture in young adults. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2015;16(1):329. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12891-015-0790-0.","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskelet Disord."},{"issue":"1","key":"2665_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-925X-12-62","volume":"12","author":"H Windhagen","year":"2013","unstructured":"Windhagen H, Radtke K, Weizbauer A, Diekmann J, Noll Y, Kreimeyer U, et al. Biodegradable magnesium-based screw clinically equivalent to titanium screw in hallux valgus surgery: short term results of the first prospective, randomized, controlled clinical pilot study. Biomed Eng Online. 2013;12(1):62. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1475-925X-12-62.","journal-title":"Biomed Eng Online."},{"key":"2665_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2015.11.038","volume":"81","author":"D Zhao","year":"2016","unstructured":"Zhao D, Huang S, Lu F, Wang B, Yang L, Qin L, et al. Vascularized bone grafting fixed by biodegradable magnesium screw for treating osteonecrosis of the femoral head. Biomaterials. 2016;81:84\u201392. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2015.11.038.","journal-title":"Biomaterials."},{"issue":"3","key":"2665_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"716","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1518238113","volume":"113","author":"JW Lee","year":"2016","unstructured":"Lee JW, Han HS, Han KJ, Park J, Jeon H, Ok MR, et al. Long-term clinical study and multiscale analysis of in vivo biodegradation mechanism of Mg alloy. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2016;113(3):716\u201321. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.1518238113.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A."},{"issue":"4","key":"2665_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01774015","volume":"5","author":"JC Lotz","year":"1995","unstructured":"Lotz JC, Cheal EJ, Hayes WC. Stress distributions within the proximal femur during gait and falls: implications for osteoporotic fracture. Osteoporos Int. 1995;5(4):252\u201361. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF01774015.","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int."},{"issue":"9773","key":"2665_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1276","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(10)62349-5","volume":"377","author":"TD Rachner","year":"2011","unstructured":"Rachner TD, Khosla S, Hofbauer LC. Osteoporosis: now and the future. Lancet. 2011;377(9773):1276\u201387. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(10)62349-5.","journal-title":"Lancet."}],"container-title":["Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13018-021-02665-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s13018-021-02665-2\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13018-021-02665-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,18]],"date-time":"2021-08-18T06:25:54Z","timestamp":1629267954000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/josr-online.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s13018-021-02665-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,18]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]}},"alternative-id":["2665"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13018-021-02665-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["1749-799X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1749-799X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,18]]},"assertion":[{"value":"5 July 2021","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"11 August 2021","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"18 August 2021","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This study was approved by the ethics committee of the Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University. Informed consent was obtained from all the participants.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Written informed consent was obtained from volunteers to authorize the publication of their data.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"511"}}