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Although there are numerous surgical treatments for these fractures, no classification system combining clinical and biomechanical characteristics has been presented to guide the choice of fixation method.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We created a standardised fracture of the HGT in 24 formalin-fixed cadavers. Six were left as single-fragment fractures (Group A), six were further prepared to create single-fragment with medium size full-thickness rotator cuff tear (FT-RCT) fractures (Group B), six were cut to create multi-fragment fractures (Group C), and six were cut to create multi-fragment with FT-RCT fractures (Group D). Each specimen was fixed with a shortened proximal humeral internal locking system (PHILOS) plate. The fixed fractures were subjected to load and load-to-failure tests and the differences between groups analysed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The mean load-to-failure values were significantly different between groups (Group A, 446.83\u2009\u00b1\u200938.98\u00a0N; Group B, 384.17\u2009\u00b1\u200936.15\u00a0N; Group C, 317.17\u2009\u00b1\u200923.32\u00a0N and Group D, 266.83\u2009\u00b1\u200937.65\u00a0N,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05). The load-to-failure values for fractures with a greater tuberosity displacement of 10\u00a0mm were significantly different between each group (Group A, 194.00\u2009\u00b1\u200929.23\u00a0N; Group B, 157.00\u2009\u00b1\u200929.97\u00a0N; Group C, 109.00\u2009\u00b1\u200917.64\u00a0N and Group D, 79.67.83\u2009\u00b1\u200915.50\u00a0N;\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05). These findings indicate that fractures with a displacement of 10\u00a0mm have different characteristics and should be considered separately from other HGT fractures when deciding surgical treatment.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Biomechanical classification of split fractures of the HGT is a reliable method of categorising these fractures in order to decide surgical treatment. Our findings and proposed system will be a useful to guide the choice of surgical technique for the treatment of fractures of the HGT.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13018-021-02839-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,24]],"date-time":"2021-11-24T08:02:46Z","timestamp":1637740966000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["A new biomechanical classification system for split fractures of the humeral greater tuberosity: guidelines for surgical treatment"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Gang","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaoguang","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qian","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bo","family":"Qin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Junjie","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dingsu","family":"Bao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2168-6094","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shijie","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,24]]},"reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"2839_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"612","DOI":"10.1097\/00001648-199611000-00008","volume":"7","author":"JA Baron","year":"1996","unstructured":"Baron JA, Karagas M, Barrett J, Kniffin W, Malenka D, Mayor M, Keller RB. 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