{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,19]],"date-time":"2026-06-19T15:27:51Z","timestamp":1781882871090,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,16]],"date-time":"2022-11-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1668556800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,16]],"date-time":"2022-11-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1668556800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Orthop Surg Res"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The accuracy of distal femoral resection in intramedullary (IM) guided total knee arthroplasty (TKA) depends on femoral morphology and varies according to individual anatomy. This study aimed to characterise coronal plane femoral bowing in Far East Asians according to age, sex, and severity of varus deformity to identify optimal strategies for distal femoral resection in TKA.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Method<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Femoral anatomical parameters in 656 patients (M\/F\u2009=\u2009232:424) were assessed using standing long-leg anteroposterior radiography which was fulfilling strict standard. The femur was divided into three longitudinal segments to measure the segmental anatomical axial deviation from the mechanical axis and intersegmental bowing. Coronal plane femoral bowing pattern was categorised based on combined gross bowing and distal bowing.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Mean hip\u2013knee\u2013ankle angle; neck\u2013shaft angle; proximal, middle, and distal segmental axial differences; mechanical lateral distal femoral angle; and femur length were 6.7\u2009\u00b1\u20096.8\u00b0, 125.0\u2009\u00b1\u20095.5\u00b0, 5.9\u2009\u00b1\u20091.7\u00b0, 6.1\u2009\u00b1\u20091.1\u00b0, 5.3\u2009\u00b1\u20091.6\u00b0, 88.4\u2009\u00b1\u20092.6\u00b0, and 432.3\u2009\u00b1\u200923.9\u00a0mm in male and 8.4\u2009\u00b1\u20095.5\u00b0, 126.4\u2009\u00b1\u20095.6\u00b0, 5.4\u2009\u00b1\u20091.5\u00b0, 6.6\u2009\u00b1\u20090.9\u00b0, 5.6\u2009\u00b1\u20091.6\u00b0, 89.3\u2009\u00b1\u20092.6\u00b0, and 410.6\u2009\u00b1\u200923.3\u00a0mm in female, respectively. Mean proximal, distal, and gross femoral bowing was 0.3\u2009\u00b1\u20091.8\u00b0,\u2009\u2212\u20090.8\u2009\u00b1\u20091.8\u00b0, and\u2009\u2212\u20090.5\u2009\u00b1\u20092.9\u00b0 in male and 1.2\u2009\u00b1\u20091.6\u00b0,\u2009\u2212\u20091.0\u2009\u00b1\u20091.6\u00b0, and 0.2\u2009\u00b1\u20092.7\u00b0 in female, respectively.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Grossly straight femur with a straight distal part was the most common femoral bowing pattern in Far East Asians. Distal bowing was proved to be a key factor to choose method for distal femoral resection in TKA. Using IM-guide to achieve accurate distal femoral resection in the femora with distal segmental axial deviation between 4\u20138\u00b0 and distal bowing less than\u2009\u00b1\u20091\u00b0 is considered feasible.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13018-022-03389-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,16]],"date-time":"2022-11-16T23:02:36Z","timestamp":1668639756000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Coronal plane femoral bowing in Far East Asians: implications for the strategy of distal femoral resection in total knee arthroplasty"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Sang Min","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hak Sang","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jae Hoon","family":"Jang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tae Young","family":"Ahn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeung Tak","family":"Suh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seung Joon","family":"Rhee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,16]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"3389_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.4055\/cios19069","volume":"12","author":"H Mohan","year":"2020","unstructured":"Mohan H, Chhabria P, Bagaria V, Tadepalli K, Naik L, Kulkarni R. 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