{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,22]],"date-time":"2025-10-22T18:26:36Z","timestamp":1761157596715},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,3]],"date-time":"2024-02-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1706918400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,3]],"date-time":"2024-02-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1706918400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Orthop Surg Res"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Although prior observational studies indicate an association between cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and frozen shoulder (FS), the potential causal relationship between them remains uncertain. This study aims to explore the genetic causal relationship between CVDs and FS using Mendelian randomization (MR).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Genetic variations closely associated with FS were obtained from the FinnGen Consortium. Summary data for CVD, including atrial fibrillation (AF), coronary artery disease (CAD), heart failure (HF), myocardial infarction (MI), stroke, and ischemic stroke (IS), were sourced from several large-scale genome-wide association studies (GWAS). MR analysis was performed using inverse variance weighting (IVW), MR Egger, and weighted median methods. IVW, as the primary MR analysis method, complemented by other sensitivity analyses, was utilized to validate the robustness of the results. Further reverse MR analysis was conducted to explore the presence of reverse causal relationships.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>In the forward MR analysis, genetically determined risk of stroke and IS was positively associated with FS (OR [95% CI]\u2009=\u20091.58 (1.23\u20132.03), <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.01; OR [95% CI]\u2009=\u20091.46 (1.16\u20131.85), <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.01, respectively). There was no strong evidence of an effect of genetically predicted other CVDs on FS risk. Sensitivity analyses confirmed the robustness of the results. In the reverse MR analysis, no causal relationships were observed between FS and various CVDs.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The study suggests that stroke increases the risk of developing FS. However, further basic and clinical research is needed to substantiate our findings.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13018-024-04600-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,3]],"date-time":"2024-02-03T11:02:09Z","timestamp":1706958129000},"update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis identifies causal associations between cardiovascular diseases and frozen shoulder"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"WeiSong","family":"Lu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bin","family":"Pu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sen","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"MengZe","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yue","family":"An","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jie","family":"Lian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"YongQuan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,3]]},"reference":[{"issue":"7530","key":"4600_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1453","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.331.7530.1453","volume":"331","author":"R Dias","year":"2005","unstructured":"Dias R, Cutts S, Massoud S. Frozen shoulder. BMJ. 2005;331(7530):1453\u20136.","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"2","key":"4600_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jos.2019.03.011","volume":"25","author":"DH Kim","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kim DH, Kim YS, Kim BS, Sung DH, Song KS, Cho CH. Is frozen shoulder completely resolved at 2 years after the onset of disease? J Orthop Sci. 2020;25(2):224\u20138.","journal-title":"J Orthop Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"4600_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2007.05.009","volume":"17","author":"C Hand","year":"2008","unstructured":"Hand C, Clipsham K, Rees JL, Carr AJ. Long-term outcome of frozen shoulder. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2008;17(2):231\u20136.","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elbow Surg"},{"issue":"10","key":"4600_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"FSO647","DOI":"10.2144\/fsoa-2020-0145","volume":"6","author":"A Date","year":"2020","unstructured":"Date A, Rahman L. Frozen shoulder: overview of clinical presentation and review of the current evidence base for management strategies. Future Sci OA. 2020;6(10):FSO647.","journal-title":"Future Sci OA"},{"issue":"11","key":"4600_CR5","first-page":"e596","volume":"140","author":"DK Arnett","year":"2019","unstructured":"Arnett DK, Blumenthal RS, Albert MA, Buroker AB, Goldberger ZD, Hahn EJ, Himmelfarb CD, Khera A, Lloyd-Jones D, McEvoy JW, et al. 2019 ACC\/AHA guideline on the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease: a report of the American College of Cardiology\/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice guidelines. Circulation. 2019;140(11):e596\u2013646.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"4600_CR6","unstructured":"Collaborators GBDCoD: Global, regional, and national age-sex-specific mortality for 282 causes of death in 195 countries and territories, 1980\u20132017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017. Lancet 2018, 392(10159):1736\u20131788."},{"issue":"3","key":"4600_CR7","first-page":"615","volume":"35","author":"K Tie","year":"2023","unstructured":"Tie K, Wang H, Yang X, Ni Q, Chen L. Analysis of risk factors for advanced age in patients with frozen shoulder. Aging Clin Exp Res. 2023;35(3):615\u201320.","journal-title":"Aging Clin Exp Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"4600_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1044","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.109.575589","volume":"41","author":"JH Kang","year":"2010","unstructured":"Kang JH, Sheu JJ, Lin HC. Increased risk of stroke after adhesive capsulitis: a population-based study. Stroke. 2010;41(5):1044\u20137.","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"issue":"2","key":"4600_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2012.03.097","volume":"157","author":"JH Kang","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kang JH, Keller JJ, Lin HC. A population-based follow-up study on the risk of acute myocardial infarction following adhesive capsulitis. Int J Cardiol. 2012;157(2):289\u201391.","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol"},{"issue":"R1","key":"4600_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R89","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddu328","volume":"23","author":"G Davey Smith","year":"2014","unstructured":"Davey Smith G, Hemani G. Mendelian randomization: genetic anchors for causal inference in epidemiological studies. Hum Mol Genet. 2014;23(R1):R89-98.","journal-title":"Hum Mol Genet"},{"issue":"11","key":"4600_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3253","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2016010098","volume":"27","author":"P Sekula","year":"2016","unstructured":"Sekula P, Del Greco MF, Pattaro C, Kottgen A. Mendelian randomization as an approach to assess causality using observational data. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2016;27(11):3253\u201365.","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"issue":"5","key":"4600_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2333","DOI":"10.1177\/0962280215597579","volume":"26","author":"S Burgess","year":"2017","unstructured":"Burgess S, Small DS, Thompson SG. A review of instrumental variable estimators for Mendelian randomization. Stat Methods Med Res. 2017;26(5):2333\u201355.","journal-title":"Stat Methods Med Res"},{"issue":"8","key":"4600_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1133","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.3034","volume":"27","author":"DA Lawlor","year":"2008","unstructured":"Lawlor DA, Harbord RM, Sterne JA, Timpson N, Davey Smith G. Mendelian randomization: using genes as instruments for making causal inferences in epidemiology. Stat Med. 2008;27(8):1133\u201363.","journal-title":"Stat Med"},{"key":"4600_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1178051","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2023.1178051","volume":"14","author":"X Lv","year":"2023","unstructured":"Lv X, Hu Z, Liang F, Liu S, Gong H, Du J, Deng X, Qian JH, Nie Q, Luo J. Causal relationship between ischemic stroke and its subtypes and frozen shoulder: a two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis. Front Neurol. 2023;14:1178051.","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"issue":"9","key":"4600_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1234","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-018-0171-3","volume":"50","author":"JB Nielsen","year":"2018","unstructured":"Nielsen JB, Thorolfsdottir RB, Fritsche LG, Zhou W, Skov MW, Graham SE, Herron TJ, McCarthy S, Schmidt EM, Sveinbjornsson G, et al. Biobank-driven genomic discovery yields new insight into atrial fibrillation biology. Nat Genet. 2018;50(9):1234\u20139.","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"issue":"3","key":"4600_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.117.312086","volume":"122","author":"P van der Harst","year":"2018","unstructured":"van der Harst P, Verweij N. Identification of 64 novel genetic loci provides an expanded view on the genetic architecture of coronary artery disease. Circ Res. 2018;122(3):433\u201343.","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"4600_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-13690-5","volume":"11","author":"S Shah","year":"2020","unstructured":"Shah S, Henry A, Roselli C, Lin H, Sveinbjornsson G, Fatemifar G, Hedman AK, Wilk JB, Morley MP, Chaffin MD, et al. Genome-wide association and Mendelian randomisation analysis provide insights into the pathogenesis of heart failure. Nat Commun. 2020;11(1):163.","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"9","key":"4600_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"919","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehaa1040","volume":"42","author":"JA Hartiala","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hartiala JA, Han Y, Jia Q, Hilser JR, Huang P, Gukasyan J, Schwartzman WS, Cai Z, Biswas S, Tregouet DA, et al. Genome-wide analysis identifies novel susceptibility loci for myocardial infarction. Eur Heart J. 2021;42(9):919\u201333.","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"issue":"4","key":"4600_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"524","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-018-0058-3","volume":"50","author":"R Malik","year":"2018","unstructured":"Malik R, Chauhan G, Traylor M, Sargurupremraj M, Okada Y, Mishra A, Rutten-Jacobs L, Giese AK, van der Laan SW, Gretarsdottir S, et al. Multiancestry genome-wide association study of 520,000 subjects identifies 32 loci associated with stroke and stroke subtypes. Nat Genet. 2018;50(4):524\u201337.","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"issue":"3","key":"4600_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"755","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyr036","volume":"40","author":"S Burgess","year":"2011","unstructured":"Burgess S, Thompson SG, Collaboration CCG. Avoiding bias from weak instruments in Mendelian randomization studies. Int J Epidemiol. 2011;40(3):755\u201364.","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"},{"key":"4600_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2022.801591","volume":"9","author":"Y Zhang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zhang Y, Xiong Y, Shen S, Yang J, Wang W, Wu T, Chen L, Yu Q, Zuo H, Wang X, et al. Causal association between tea consumption and kidney function: a Mendelian randomization study. Front Nutr. 2022;9: 801591.","journal-title":"Front Nutr"},{"issue":"4","key":"4600_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0120758","volume":"10","author":"H Shim","year":"2015","unstructured":"Shim H, Chasman DI, Smith JD, Mora S, Ridker PM, Nickerson DA, Krauss RM, Stephens M. A multivariate genome-wide association analysis of 10 LDL subfractions, and their response to statin treatment, in 1868 Caucasians. PLoS ONE. 2015;10(4): e0120758.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"2","key":"4600_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1002\/jrsm.12","volume":"1","author":"M Borenstein","year":"2010","unstructured":"Borenstein M, Hedges LV, Higgins JP, Rothstein HR. A basic introduction to fixed-effect and random-effects models for meta-analysis. Res Synth Methods. 2010;1(2):97\u2013111.","journal-title":"Res Synth Methods"},{"issue":"3","key":"4600_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"728","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyy258","volume":"48","author":"J Bowden","year":"2019","unstructured":"Bowden J, Del Greco MF, Minelli C, Zhao Q, Lawlor DA, Sheehan NA, Thompson J, Davey Smith G. Improving the accuracy of two-sample summary-data Mendelian randomization: moving beyond the NOME assumption. Int J Epidemiol. 2019;48(3):728\u201342.","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"4600_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-018-0099-7","volume":"50","author":"M Verbanck","year":"2018","unstructured":"Verbanck M, Chen CY, Neale B, Do R. Detection of widespread horizontal pleiotropy in causal relationships inferred from Mendelian randomization between complex traits and diseases. Nat Genet. 2018;50(5):693\u20138.","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"issue":"6","key":"4600_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1985","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyx102","volume":"46","author":"FP Hartwig","year":"2017","unstructured":"Hartwig FP, Davey Smith G, Bowden J. Robust inference in summary data Mendelian randomization via the zero modal pleiotropy assumption. Int J Epidemiol. 2017;46(6):1985\u201398.","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"},{"key":"4600_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1080982","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2023.1080982","volume":"10","author":"Q Dong","year":"2023","unstructured":"Dong Q, Chen D, Zhang Y, Xu Y, Yan L, Jiang J. Constipation and cardiovascular disease: a two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis. Front Cardiovasc Med. 2023;10:1080982.","journal-title":"Front Cardiovasc Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"4600_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1186\/s12993-023-00220-z","volume":"19","author":"Q Wang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wang Q, Hu S, Qi L, Wang X, Jin G, Wu D, Wang Y, Ren L. Causal associations between sleep traits and brain structure: a bidirectional Mendelian randomization study. Behav Brain Funct. 2023;19(1):17.","journal-title":"Behav Brain Funct"},{"issue":"16","key":"4600_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1614","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2021.18236","volume":"326","author":"VW Skrivankova","year":"2021","unstructured":"Skrivankova VW, Richmond RC, Woolf BAR, Yarmolinsky J, Davies NM, Swanson SA, VanderWeele TJ, Higgins JPT, Timpson NJ, Dimou N, et al. Strengthening the reporting of observational studies in epidemiology using mendelian randomization: the STROBE-MR statement. JAMA. 2021;326(16):1614\u201321.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"3","key":"4600_CR30","first-page":"206","volume":"32","author":"S Pinedo","year":"2001","unstructured":"Pinedo S, de la Villa FM. Complications in the hemiplegic patient in the first year after the stroke. Rev Neurol. 2001;32(3):206\u20139.","journal-title":"Rev Neurol"},{"issue":"12","key":"4600_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1786","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-9993(03)00408-8","volume":"84","author":"SF Lo","year":"2003","unstructured":"Lo SF, Chen SY, Lin HC, Jim YF, Meng NH, Kao MJ. Arthrographic and clinical findings in patients with hemiplegic shoulder pain. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2003;84(12):1786\u201391.","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"issue":"12","key":"4600_CR32","first-page":"1885","volume":"91","author":"S Suethanapornkul","year":"2008","unstructured":"Suethanapornkul S, Kuptniratsaikul PS, Kuptniratsaikul V, Uthensut P, Dajpratha P, Wongwisethkarn J. Post stroke shoulder subluxation and shoulder pain: a cohort multicenter study. J Med Assoc Thai. 2008;91(12):1885\u201392.","journal-title":"J Med Assoc Thai"},{"key":"4600_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.00294","volume":"11","author":"S Xu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Xu S, Lu J, Shao A, Zhang JH, Zhang J. Glial cells: role of the immune response in ischemic stroke. Front Immunol. 2020;11:294.","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"4600_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1047550","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.1047550","volume":"13","author":"J Zeng","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zeng J, Bao T, Yang K, Zhu X, Wang S, Xiang W, Ge A, Zeng L, Ge J. The mechanism of microglia-mediated immune inflammation in ischemic stroke and the role of natural botanical components in regulating microglia: a review. Front Immunol. 2022;13:1047550.","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"issue":"5","key":"4600_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"666","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2012.06.014","volume":"22","author":"YM Lho","year":"2013","unstructured":"Lho YM, Ha E, Cho CH, Song KS, Min BW, Bae KC, Lee KJ, Hwang I, Park HB. Inflammatory cytokines are overexpressed in the subacromial bursa of frozen shoulder. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2013;22(5):666\u201372.","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elbow Surg"},{"issue":"7","key":"4600_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"928","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.89B7.19097","volume":"89","author":"GC Hand","year":"2007","unstructured":"Hand GC, Athanasou NA, Matthews T, Carr AJ. The pathology of frozen shoulder. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 2007;89(7):928\u201332.","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Br"},{"key":"4600_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2377-12-89","volume":"12","author":"RA de Oliveira","year":"2012","unstructured":"de Oliveira RA, de Andrade DC, Machado AG, Teixeira MJ. Central poststroke pain: somatosensory abnormalities and the presence of associated myofascial pain syndrome. BMC Neurol. 2012;12:89.","journal-title":"BMC Neurol"},{"issue":"4","key":"4600_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmr.2015.06.007","volume":"26","author":"RD Wilson","year":"2015","unstructured":"Wilson RD, Chae J. Hemiplegic shoulder pain. Phys Med Rehabil Clin N Am. 2015;26(4):641\u201355.","journal-title":"Phys Med Rehabil Clin N Am"},{"key":"4600_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2022.07.003","volume":"100","author":"Y Winter","year":"2022","unstructured":"Winter Y, Uphaus T, Sandner K, Klimpe S, Stuckrad-Barre SV, Groppa S. Efficacy and safety of antiseizure medication in post-stroke epilepsy. Seizure. 2022;100:109\u201314.","journal-title":"Seizure"},{"issue":"1","key":"4600_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1159\/000520823","volume":"56","author":"MF Kilkenny","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kilkenny MF, Olaiya MT, Dalli LL, Kim J, Andrew NE, Sanfilippo FM, Thrift AG, Nelson M, Pearce C, Sanders L, et al. Treatment with multiple therapeutic classes of medication is associated with survival after stroke. Neuroepidemiology. 2022;56(1):66\u201374.","journal-title":"Neuroepidemiology"},{"issue":"11","key":"4600_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0049343","volume":"7","author":"CH Wu","year":"2012","unstructured":"Wu CH, Wang YH, Huang YP, Pan SL. Does adhesive capsulitis of the shoulder increase the risk of stroke? A population-based propensity score-matched follow-up study. PLoS ONE. 2012;7(11): e49343.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"4600_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Elmissbah TE, Iderous ME, Al-Qahtani FM, Elaskary A, Dahlawi H. Assessment of antithrombin III and protein C in Saudi myocardial infarction patients.\u00a0Clin Lab. 2021;67(10). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7754\/Clin.Lab.2021.201206.","DOI":"10.7754\/Clin.Lab.2021.201206"},{"issue":"6","key":"4600_CR43","first-page":"893","volume":"9","author":"DY Bulgen","year":"1982","unstructured":"Bulgen DY, Binder A, Hazleman BL, Park JR. Immunological studies in frozen shoulder. J Rheumatol. 1982;9(6):893\u20138.","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"issue":"Suppl B","key":"4600_CR44","first-page":"291","volume":"20","author":"S Verma","year":"2004","unstructured":"Verma S. C-reactive protein incites atherosclerosis. Can J Cardiol. 2004;20(Suppl B):291\u2013311.","journal-title":"Can J Cardiol"}],"container-title":["Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13018-024-04600-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s13018-024-04600-7\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13018-024-04600-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,3]],"date-time":"2024-02-03T14:04:38Z","timestamp":1706969078000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/josr-online.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s13018-024-04600-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,3]]},"references-count":44,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]}},"alternative-id":["4600"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13018-024-04600-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["1749-799X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1749-799X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"31 October 2023","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"28 January 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"3 February 2024","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"No ethical review or approval is required for this study, and all data from Mendelian randomization are publicly accessible. In the initial investigation, all subjects obtained informed consent. The topics provided a written informed consent form to participate in this study.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"116"}}