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Using the disk diffusion test, we investigated the antibacterial properties of the bone cement material against <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20094). We tested cell toxicity and proliferation using the cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) and examined the biocompatibility of bone cement materials.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The combination of gentamicin with the four natural product extracts resulted in significantly larger diameters of inhibition zones compared to gentamicin alone, and the difference was statistically significant (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05). Except for the groups containing tannic acid, cells in all other groups showed good proliferation across varying time intervals without displaying significant cytotoxicity (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>In this study, aloe-emodin, quercetin, curcumin, and tannic acid were capable of enhancing the in vitro antibacterial performance of gentamicin-loaded bone cement against <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic>. While the groups containing tannic acid displayed moderate cytotoxicity in in vitro cell culture, all other groups showed no discernible cytotoxic effects.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13018-024-04646-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,6]],"date-time":"2024-03-06T17:02:12Z","timestamp":1709744532000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Investigating the in vitro antibacterial efficacy of composite bone cement incorporating natural product-based monomers and gentamicin"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Yu-Chen","family":"Kan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rui","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yang","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lu-Yang","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wen-Han","family":"Bu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Long-Xu","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jian-Jun","family":"Chu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,6]]},"reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"4646_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.3109\/17453674.2012.733918","volume":"83","author":"H Dale","year":"2012","unstructured":"Dale H, Fenstad AM, Hallan G, et al. 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