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All postoperative complications were defined as surgical failure. Variables of different phases were compared based on the learning curve.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The <jats:italic>CUSUM<\/jats:italic> analysis showed the cutoff point for ULIF was 29 cases, and the <jats:italic>RA-CUSUM<\/jats:italic> analysis showed the cutoff point for ULIF was 41 cases<jats:bold>.<\/jats:bold> Operating time and hospital stay were significantly decreased as the learning curve progressed (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05). Visual analogue score (VAS) and Oswestry disability index (ODI) at the last follow-up were significantly lower than preoperatively. At the last follow-up, a total of 171 patients reached intervertebral fusion, with a fusion rate of 92.9% (171\/184). A total of eleven complications were observed, and <jats:italic>RA-CUSUM<\/jats:italic> analysis showed that the incidence of complications in the early phase was 17.07% and in the late phase was 2.6%, with a significant difference (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>ULIF is an effective minimally invasive lumbar fusion surgical technique. But a learning curve of at least 29 cases will be required to master ULIF, while 41 cases will be required to achieve a stable surgical success rate.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13018-024-04674-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,21]],"date-time":"2024-03-21T03:01:50Z","timestamp":1710990110000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":50,"title":["Evaluation of the learning curve and complications in unilateral biportal endoscopic transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion: cumulative sum analysis and risk-adjusted cumulative sum analysis"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Wenlong","family":"Guo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jingyao","family":"Ye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tong","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yang","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaohong","family":"Fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,21]]},"reference":[{"issue":"suppl 3","key":"4674_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S84","DOI":"10.14444\/8167","volume":"15","author":"MS Kang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kang MS, Heo DH, Kim HB, Chung HT. 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