{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T01:44:29Z","timestamp":1790991869148,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,23]],"date-time":"2024-12-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1734912000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,23]],"date-time":"2024-12-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1734912000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Special Fund for Health Development of Tongzhou District, Beijing, China under Grant","award":["number 2018-LHKY-016-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["number 2018-LHKY-016-01"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Orthop Surg Res"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s13018-024-05365-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,23]],"date-time":"2024-12-23T01:15:09Z","timestamp":1734916509000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Prevalence of flatfoot and analysis of plantar pressure distribution in adolescents based on body mass index: a regional study"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Jiangtao","family":"Shen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ji","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Feng","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaohui","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mingzhu","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"5365_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tyson N, Frank M. Childhood and adolescent obesity definitions as related to BMI, evaluation and management options. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol. 2018;48:158\u201364.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2017.06.003"},{"issue":"4","key":"5365_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1007\/s00431-009-1050-9","volume":"169","author":"JH Chang","year":"2010","unstructured":"Chang JH, Wang SH, Kuo CL, Shen HC, Hong YW, Lin LC. Prevalence of flexible flatfoot in taiwanese school-aged children in relation to obesity, gender, and age. Eur J Pediatr. 2010;169(4):447\u201352.","journal-title":"Eur J Pediatr"},{"issue":"5","key":"5365_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1007\/s00431-009-1122-x","volume":"169","author":"G Fabry","year":"2010","unstructured":"Fabry G. Clinical practice. Eur J Pediatrics. 2010;169(5):529\u201334.","journal-title":"Eur J Pediatrics"},{"issue":"18","key":"5365_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6602","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17186602","volume":"17","author":"Y Zhao","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zhao Y, Zheng D, Yan S, Liu M, Yang L. Children with obesity experience different age-related changes in plantar pressure distributions: A follow-up study in china. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17(18):6602.","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"5365_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aott.2019.01.006","volume":"53","author":"I Demirbuken","year":"2019","unstructured":"Demirbuken I, Ozgul B, Timurtas E, Yurdalan SU, Cekin MD, Polat MG. Gender and age impact on plantar pressure distribution in early adolescence. Acta Orthop Traumatol Turc. 2019;53(3):215\u201320.","journal-title":"Acta Orthop Traumatol Turc"},{"issue":"1","key":"5365_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jos.2018.09.018","volume":"24","author":"Y Ueki","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ueki Y, Sakuma E, Wada I. Pathology and management of flexible flat foot in children. J Orthop Sci. 2019;24(1):9\u201313.","journal-title":"J Orthop Sci"},{"key":"5365_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8247","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19148247","volume":"19","author":"L Xu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Xu L, Gu H, Zhang Y, Sun T, Yu J. Risk Factors of Flatfoot in Children: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022;19:8247.","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"5365_CR8","first-page":"925","volume":"23","author":"Z Chen","year":"2009","unstructured":"Chen Z, Zhang Y, Zheng Z, Guo M. Quantitative evaluation of postoperative effect of calcaneal fractures using Footscan system. Zhongguo Xiu Fu Chong Jian Wai Ke Za Zhi. 2009;23:925\u20139.","journal-title":"Zhongguo Xiu Fu Chong Jian Wai Ke Za Zhi"},{"issue":"3","key":"5365_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2017.04.008","volume":"22","author":"SE Ford","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ford SE, Scannell BP. Pediatric Flatfoot: Pearls and Pitfalls. Foot Ankle Clin. 2017;22(3):643\u201356.","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Clin"},{"key":"5365_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2705","DOI":"10.2147\/JMDH.S317439","volume":"14","author":"F Hegazy","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hegazy F, Aboelnasr E, Abuzaid M, Kim IJ, Salem Y. Comparing validity and diagnostic accuracy of clarke\u2019s angle and foot posture index-6 to determine flexible flatfoot in adolescents: A cross-sectional investigation. J Multidiscip Healthc. 2021;14:2705\u201317.","journal-title":"J Multidiscip Healthc"},{"issue":"11","key":"5365_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3617","DOI":"10.3390\/s18113617","volume":"18","author":"WC Hsu","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hsu WC, Sugiarto T, Chen JW, Lin YJ. The design and application of simplified insole-based prototypes with plantar pressure measurement for fast screening of flat-foot. Sens (Basel). 2018;18(11):3617.","journal-title":"Sens (Basel)"},{"issue":"1","key":"5365_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-021-04364-9","volume":"22","author":"A Brierty","year":"2021","unstructured":"Brierty A, Carty CP, Giacomozzi C, Phillips T, Walsh HPJ, Bade D, et al. Plantar load transfer in children: A descriptive study with two pathological case studies. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2021;22(1):521.","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskelet Disord"},{"issue":"11","key":"5365_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1949","DOI":"10.1038\/oby.2006.227","volume":"14","author":"KJ Mickle","year":"2006","unstructured":"Mickle KJ, Munro SJ. The Feet of Overweight and Obese Young Children: Are They Flat or Fat? Obes (Silver Spring). 2006;14(11):1949\u201353.","journal-title":"Obes (Silver Spring)"},{"key":"5365_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shen J, Liu J, Liang F, Liu X, Liu X, Fan B et al. Correlation analysis between body mass index and foot length in chinese adolescents: A regional study. Ergonomics, (2023) 1\u20139.","DOI":"10.1080\/00140139.2023.2166683"},{"issue":"5","key":"5365_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9290(87)90255-7","volume":"20","author":"PR Cavanagh","year":"1987","unstructured":"Cavanagh PR, THE ARCH INDEX: RM. A USEFUL MEASURE FROM FOOTPRINTS. J Biomech. 1987;20(5):547\u201351.","journal-title":"J Biomech"},{"key":"5365_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2023.01.019","volume":"101","author":"F Khan","year":"2023","unstructured":"Khan F, Chevidikunnan MF, Binmulayh EA, Al-Lehidan NS. Plantar pressure distribution in the evaluation and differentiation of flatfeet. Gait Posture. 2023;101:82\u20139.","journal-title":"Gait Posture"},{"issue":"8","key":"5365_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1216","DOI":"10.2522\/ptj.20150192","volume":"96","author":"JW Tong","year":"2016","unstructured":"Tong JW. Medial Longitudinal Arch Development of Children Aged 7 to 9 Years: Longitudinal Investigation. Phys Ther. 2016;96(8):1216\u201324.","journal-title":"Phys Ther"},{"issue":"8","key":"5365_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0238001","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0238001","volume":"15","author":"Y Abich","year":"2020","unstructured":"Abich Y, Mihiret T, Akalu TY, Gashaw M, Janakiraman B. Flatfoot and associated factors among ethiopian school children aged 11 to 15 years: A school-based study. PLoS ONE. 2020;15(8):e0238001.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"7","key":"5365_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2226","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17072226","volume":"17","author":"Y Peng","year":"2020","unstructured":"Peng Y, Wong DW-C, Wang Y, Chen TL-W, Tan Q, Chen Z, et al. Immediate effects of medially posted insoles on lower limb joint contact forces in adult acquired flatfoot: A pilot study. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17(7):2226.","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"5365_CR20","first-page":"216","volume":"20","author":"FR Khan","year":"2020","unstructured":"Khan FR, Chevidikunnan MF, Mazi AF, Aljawi SF, Mizan FH, BinMulayh EA, et al. Factors affecting foot posture in young adults: A cross sectional study. J Musculoskelet Neuron Interact. 2020;20:216\u201322.","journal-title":"J Musculoskelet Neuron Interact"},{"key":"5365_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"151468","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aanat.2020.151468","volume":"229","author":"S Nozaki","year":"2020","unstructured":"Nozaki S, Watanabe K, Kamiya T, Katayose M, Ogihara N. Sex- and age-related morphological variations in the talar articular surfaces of the calcaneus. Annals Anat - Anatomischer Anzeiger. 2020;229:151468.","journal-title":"Annals Anat - Anatomischer Anzeiger"},{"issue":"4","key":"5365_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1111\/obr.12130","volume":"15","author":"PA Butterworth","year":"2014","unstructured":"Butterworth PA, Landorf KB, Gilleard W, Urquhart DM, Menz HB. The association between body composition and foot structure and function: A systematic review. Obes Rev. 2014;15(4):348\u201357.","journal-title":"Obes Rev"},{"issue":"10","key":"5365_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1897","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfma.2020.12.019","volume":"120","author":"MC Chou","year":"2021","unstructured":"Chou MC, Huang JY, Hung YM, Perng WT, Chang R, Wei JC. Flat foot and spinal degeneration: Evidence from nationwide population-based cohort study. J Formos Med Assoc. 2021;120(10):1897\u2013906.","journal-title":"J Formos Med Assoc"},{"issue":"1","key":"5365_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9501","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-66498-5","volume":"10","author":"M Kasovi\u0107","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kasovi\u0107 M, \u0160tefan L, Zvon\u00e1r M. Foot characteristics during walking in 6-14- year-old children. Sci Rep. 2020;10(1):9501.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"12","key":"5365_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1574","DOI":"10.1381\/096089206779319293","volume":"16","author":"SM Fabris","year":"2006","unstructured":"Fabris SM, Valezi AC, De Souza SA, Faintuch J, Cecconello I, Junior MP. Computerized baropodometry in obese patients. Obes Surg. 2006;16(12):1574\u20138.","journal-title":"Obes Surg"},{"issue":"11","key":"5365_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"974","DOI":"10.1177\/107110070602701119","volume":"27","author":"M Jannink","year":"2006","unstructured":"Jannink M, Dijk HV, Ijzerman M, Groothuis-Oudshoorn K, Groothoff J, Lankhurst G. Effectiveness of custom-made orthopaedic shoes in the reduction of foot pain and pressure in patients with degenerative disorders of the foot. Foot Ankle Int. 2006;27(11):974\u20139.","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Int"},{"issue":"3","key":"5365_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1016\/S0966-6362(03)00064-X","volume":"19","author":"C Bertsch","year":"2004","unstructured":"Bertsch C, Unger H, Winkelmann W, Rosenbaum D. Evaluation of early walking patterns from plantar pressure distribution measurements. First year results of 42 children. Gait Posture. 2004;19(3):235\u201342.","journal-title":"Gait Posture"},{"key":"5365_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2018.03.005","volume":"62","author":"AK Buldt","year":"2018","unstructured":"Buldt AK, Forghany S, Landorf KB, Levinger P, Murley GS, Menz HB. Foot posture is associated with plantar pressure during gait: A comparison of normal, planus and cavus feet. Gait Posture. 2018a;62:235\u201340.","journal-title":"Gait Posture"},{"issue":"18","key":"5365_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6600","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17186600","volume":"17","author":"L Catan","year":"2020","unstructured":"Catan L, Amaricai E, Onofrei RR, Popoiu CM, Iacob ER, Stanciulescu CM, et al. The impact of overweight and obesity on plantar pressure in children and adolescents: A systematic review. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17(18):6600.","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"5365_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1186\/s40101-020-00246-6","volume":"39","author":"D Ohlendorf","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ohlendorf D, Kerth K, Osiander W, Holzgreve F, Fraeulin L, Ackermann H, et al. Standard reference values of weight and maximum pressure distribution in healthy adults aged 18\u201365 years in germany. J Physiol Anthropol. 2020;39(1):39.","journal-title":"J Physiol Anthropol"},{"issue":"1","key":"5365_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2010.05.005","volume":"14","author":"KJ Mickle","year":"2011","unstructured":"Mickle KJ, Cliff DP, Munro BJ, Okely AD, Steele JR. Relationship between plantar pressures, physical activity and sedentariness among preschool children. J Sci Med Sport. 2011;14(1):36\u201341.","journal-title":"J Sci Med Sport"},{"issue":"4","key":"5365_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3112","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph20043112","volume":"20","author":"M Liu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Liu M, Kang N, Wang D, Mei D, Wen E, Qian J, et al. Analysis of lower extremity motor capacity and foot plantar pressure in overweight and obese elderly women. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2023;20(4):3112.","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"5365_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0117443","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0117443","volume":"10","author":"R Barn","year":"2015","unstructured":"Barn R, Waaijman R, Nollet F, Woodburn J, Bus SA. Predictors of barefoot plantar pressure during walking in patients with diabetes, peripheral neuropathy and a history of ulceration. PLoS ONE. 2015;10(2):e0117443.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"3","key":"5365_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.37190\/ABB-01652-2020-02","volume":"22","author":"M Kirmizi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kirmizi M, Sengul YS, Angin S. The effects of gait speed on plantar pressure variables in individuals with normal foot posture and flatfoot. Acta Bioeng Biomech. 2020;22(3):161\u20138.","journal-title":"Acta Bioeng Biomech"},{"key":"5365_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2017.05.001","volume":"57","author":"Y Song-hua","year":"2017","unstructured":"Song-hua Y, Lu W, Kuan Z. Effects of different movement modes on plantar pressure distribution patterns in obese and non-obese Chinese children. Gait Posture. 2017;57:28\u201334.","journal-title":"Gait Posture"},{"issue":"1","key":"5365_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1016\/S0966-6362(00)00070-9","volume":"12","author":"H Sadeghi","year":"2000","unstructured":"Sadeghi H, Allard P, Prince F, Labelle H. Symmetry and limb dominance in able-bodied gait: a review. Gait Posture. 2000;12(1):34\u201345.","journal-title":"Gait Posture"},{"issue":"11","key":"5365_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1186\/s13047-018-0245-6","volume":"5","author":"AK Buldt","year":"2018","unstructured":"Buldt AK, Forghany S, Landorf KB, Murley GS, Levinger P, Menz HB. Centre of pressure characteristics in normal, planus and cavus feet. J Foot Ankle Res. 2018;5(11):3.","journal-title":"J Foot Ankle Res"},{"issue":"24","key":"5365_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12942","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph182412942","volume":"18","author":"TH Chow","year":"2021","unstructured":"Chow TH, Chen YS, Hsu CC. Relationships between Plantar Pressure Distribution and Rearfoot Alignment in the Taiwanese College Athletes with Plantar Fasciopathy during Static Standing and Walking. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021;18(24):12942.","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"}],"container-title":["Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13018-024-05365-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s13018-024-05365-9\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13018-024-05365-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,23]],"date-time":"2024-12-23T02:03:33Z","timestamp":1734919413000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/josr-online.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s13018-024-05365-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,23]]},"references-count":38,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]}},"alternative-id":["5365"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13018-024-05365-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["1749-799X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1749-799X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,23]]},"assertion":[{"value":"27 August 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"13 December 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"23 December 2024","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"All participants and their legal guardians were informed of the purpose of the study, and written informed consent was obtained. This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University (2018-LHKY-016-01) and performed following the guidelines of the Declaration of Helsinki for human experimentation.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"864"}}