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The rats were then randomly allocated to three groups (n\u2009=\u200910 per group).\u00a0In Group 1, the excised nerve segment was utilized as an autograft and sutured at the defect site.\u00a0In Group 2, a tubular construct containing stem cells and Type I collagen was used to bridge the proximal and distal ends of the nerve.\u00a0Group 3 received the same intervention as group 2, supplemented with 5\u00a0weeks of LLLT.\u00a0After 5 and 12\u00a0weeks, rats underwent histological, behavioral, and electrophysiological assessments. Data were statistically analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA), Bonferroni post-hoc test, and Kruskal\u2013Wallis\u00a0test.\u00a0At both 5 and 12\u00a0weeks, axonal count and nerve repair scores showed no significant differences among the three groups (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&gt;\u20090.05). Notably, the Sciatic Functional Index (SFI) was the most favorable (lowest) in the autograft group, whereas the stem cell-only group exhibited the least favorable (highest) SFI at 5\u00a0weeks (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Additionally, distal latency was highest in the stem cell group and lowest in the stem cell combined with LLLT group at 5\u00a0weeks (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). A significant difference was observed between the autograft and stem cell plus LLLT groups (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05). In conclusion, the application of stem cell-laden tubular constructs in conjunction with LLLT demonstrated efficacy for sciatic nerve repair in rats.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13018-025-05455-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,18]],"date-time":"2025-01-18T12:32:22Z","timestamp":1737203542000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Application of stem cells alone and in combination with low-level laser therapy for sciatic nerve repair in rats"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Mohsen","family":"Shalalvand","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hamidreza","family":"Mahaseni Aghdam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ahmad","family":"Asghari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Siamak","family":"Nehzat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fatemeh","family":"Shahsavari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rojin","family":"Ardalani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"5455_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Robinson LR. 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