{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T03:36:47Z","timestamp":1787888207047,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,29]],"date-time":"2025-04-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1745884800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,29]],"date-time":"2025-04-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1745884800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Orthop Surg Res"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s13018-025-05692-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,29]],"date-time":"2025-04-29T13:56:50Z","timestamp":1745935010000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Abnormal metal ion levels following spinal instrumentation surgery"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Ping","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guoqiang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bing","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yijun","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,29]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"5692_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-022-06111-0","volume":"24","author":"F Dureigne","year":"2023","unstructured":"Dureigne F, et al. Barriers and facilitators to bracing in adults with painful degenerative scoliosis: a single-centred mixed-method feasibility study. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2023;24(1):32.","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskelet Disord"},{"issue":"1","key":"5692_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jsp2.1132","volume":"4","author":"H Arlt","year":"2021","unstructured":"Arlt H, et al. Effects of systemically administered abaloparatide, an osteoanabolic PTHrP analog, as an adjuvant therapy for spinal fusion in rats. JOR Spine. 2021;4(1): e1132.","journal-title":"JOR Spine"},{"issue":"5","key":"5692_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1887","DOI":"10.3390\/ma15051887","volume":"15","author":"PC Wong","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wong PC, et al. Using Cu as a spacer to fabricate and control the porosity of titanium zirconium based bulk metallic glass foams for orthopedic implant applications. Materials (Basel). 2022;15(5):1887.","journal-title":"Materials (Basel)"},{"issue":"5","key":"5692_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1726","DOI":"10.3390\/ma15051726","volume":"15","author":"Y Bao","year":"2022","unstructured":"Bao Y, et al. The electrochemical behavior of Ti in human synovial fluids. Materials (Basel). 2022;15(5):1726.","journal-title":"Materials (Basel)"},{"issue":"18","key":"5692_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1963","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e318133aa0d","volume":"32","author":"IB McPhee","year":"2007","unstructured":"McPhee IB, Swanson CE. Metal ion levels in patients with stainless steel spinal instrumentation. Spine. 2007;32(18):1963\u20138.","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"5692_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.30574\/wjarr.2021.9.3.0085","volume":"9","author":"M Richter","year":"2021","unstructured":"Richter M, Matusiewicz H. Review of the local tissue reaction to metallic spinal implant debris: Ions and nanoparticles. World J Adv Res Rev. 2021;9:167\u201387.","journal-title":"World J Adv Res Rev"},{"issue":"2","key":"5692_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.3390\/jfb13020064","volume":"13","author":"J Jamari","year":"2022","unstructured":"Jamari J, et al. Computational contact pressure prediction of CoCrMo, SS 316L and Ti6Al4V femoral head against UHMWPE acetabular cup under gait cycle. J Funct Biomater. 2022;13(2):64.","journal-title":"J Funct Biomater"},{"issue":"6","key":"5692_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2379","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2014.02.027","volume":"10","author":"H Matusiewicz","year":"2014","unstructured":"Matusiewicz H. Potential release of in vivo trace metals from metallic medical implants in the human body: from ions to nanoparticles\u2014a systematic analytical review. Acta Biomater. 2014;10(6):2379\u2013403.","journal-title":"Acta Biomater"},{"issue":"9","key":"5692_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"967","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e3181d53724","volume":"35","author":"TP Cundy","year":"2010","unstructured":"Cundy TP, et al. Chromium ion release from stainless steel pediatric scoliosis instrumentation. Spine. 2010;35(9):967\u201374.","journal-title":"Spine"},{"issue":"7","key":"5692_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1055","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-007-0311-4","volume":"16","author":"RJ Del","year":"2007","unstructured":"Del RJ, Beguiristain J, Duart J. Metal levels in corrosion of spinal implants. Eur Spine J. 2007;16(7):1055\u201361.","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"issue":"3","key":"5692_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1097\/01.brs.0000253599.89694.c0","volume":"32","author":"A Zeh","year":"2007","unstructured":"Zeh A, et al. Release of cobalt and chromium ions into the serum following implantation of the metal-on-metal Maverick-type artificial lumbar disc (Medtronic Sofamor Danek). Spine. 2007;32(3):348\u201352.","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"5692_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fsurg.2022.948355","volume":"9","author":"Y Dan","year":"2022","unstructured":"Dan Y, et al. Transarterial chemoembolization combined with radiofrequency ablation versus hepatectomy for hepatocellular carcinoma: a meta-analysis. Front Surg. 2022;9: 948355.","journal-title":"Front Surg"},{"issue":"31","key":"5692_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4555","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v25.i31.4555","volume":"25","author":"D Bellini","year":"2019","unstructured":"Bellini D, et al. Layered enhancement at magnetic resonance enterography in inflammatory bowel disease: a meta-analysis. World J Gastroenterol. 2019;25(31):4555\u201366.","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"1","key":"5692_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3247","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-60070-x","volume":"10","author":"V Srimaneepong","year":"2020","unstructured":"Srimaneepong V, et al. Corrosion resistance of graphene oxide\/silver coatings on Ni-Ti alloy and expression of IL-6 and IL-8 in human oral fibroblasts. Sci Rep. 2020;10(1):3247.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"7","key":"5692_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rsos.170218","volume":"4","author":"AM Oje","year":"2017","unstructured":"Oje AM, Ogwu AA. Chromium oxide coatings with the potential for eliminating the risk of chromium ion release in orthopaedic implants. R Soc Open Sci. 2017;4(7): 170218.","journal-title":"R Soc Open Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"5692_CR16","first-page":"100","volume":"38","author":"P Tu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Tu P, et al. Effect of percutaneous minimally invasive pedicle screw internal fixation in the treatment of thoracolumbar vertebral fractures and its impact on quality of life. Pak J Med Sci. 2022;38(1):100\u20135.","journal-title":"Pak J Med Sci"},{"issue":"S01","key":"5692_CR17","first-page":"S0069","volume":"06","author":"K Elabed","year":"2016","unstructured":"Elabed K. Mini anterior lumbar interbody fusion: one year follow up for a novel device. Global Spine J. 2016;06(S01):S0069.","journal-title":"Global Spine J"},{"key":"5692_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1519","DOI":"10.1007\/s43390-021-00365-9","volume":"6","author":"ST Srensen","year":"2021","unstructured":"Srensen ST, et al. Serum metal ion levels in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) patients 25years after treated with Harrington rod instrumentation or bracing. Spine Deform. 2021;6:1519\u201323.","journal-title":"Spine Deform"},{"issue":"3","key":"5692_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.3171\/2013.5.SPINE121118","volume":"19","author":"TA Mattei","year":"2013","unstructured":"Mattei TA, Fassett DR. Combined S-1 and S-2 sacral alar-iliac screws as a salvage technique for pelvic fixation after pseudarthrosis and lumbosacropelvic instability: combined S-1 and S-2 sacral alar-iliac screws as a salvage technique for pelvic fixation after pseudarthrosis an. J Neurosurg Spine. 2013;19(3):321\u201330.","journal-title":"J Neurosurg Spine"},{"issue":"9","key":"5692_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3223","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17093223","volume":"17","author":"A Nicolli","year":"2020","unstructured":"Nicolli A, et al. Biological monitoring of metal ions released from hip prostheses. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17(9):3223.","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"5692_CR21","unstructured":"Savarino L., Release of metal ions in patients with implants 2005."},{"issue":"1","key":"5692_CR22","first-page":"34","volume":"10","author":"S Valerio","year":"2013","unstructured":"Valerio S, Davide P, Marco M. The effects on bone cells of metal ions released from orthopaedic implants: a review. Clin Cases Miner Bone Metab. 2013;10(1):34\u201340.","journal-title":"Clin Cases Miner Bone Metab"},{"issue":"8","key":"5692_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.1080\/10408440701845534","volume":"38","author":"GM Keegan","year":"2008","unstructured":"Keegan GM, Learmonth ID, Case CP. A systematic comparison of the actual, potential, and theoretical health effects of cobalt and chromium exposures from industry and surgical implants. Crit Rev Toxicol. 2008;38(8):645\u201374.","journal-title":"Crit Rev Toxicol"},{"key":"5692_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-199605000-00009","volume":"326","author":"K Merritt","year":"1996","unstructured":"Merritt K, Rodrigo JJ. Immune response to synthetic materials sensitization of patients receiving orthopaedic implants. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1996;326:71\u20139.","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"issue":"24","key":"5692_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4593","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules24244593","volume":"24","author":"Y Li","year":"2019","unstructured":"Li Y, et al. Recent advances in AIEgens for metal ion biosensing and bioimaging. Molecules. 2019;24(24):4593.","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"issue":"2","key":"5692_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.3390\/nano13020294","volume":"13","author":"IA Alnaser","year":"2023","unstructured":"Alnaser IA, et al. Effect of synthesized titanium dioxide nanofibers weight fraction on the tribological characteristics of magnesium nanocomposites used in biomedical applications. Nanomaterials (Basel). 2023;13(2):294.","journal-title":"Nanomaterials (Basel)"}],"container-title":["Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13018-025-05692-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s13018-025-05692-5\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13018-025-05692-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,29]],"date-time":"2025-04-29T13:56:52Z","timestamp":1745935012000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/josr-online.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s13018-025-05692-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,29]]},"references-count":26,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["5692"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13018-025-05692-5","relation":{},"ISSN":["1749-799X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1749-799X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,29]]},"assertion":[{"value":"3 January 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"6 March 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"29 April 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"432"}}