{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T14:20:07Z","timestamp":1790864407333,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,26]],"date-time":"2025-05-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748217600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,26]],"date-time":"2025-05-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748217600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Scientific Research Fund of Changsha Municipal Health Commission","award":["KJ-B2023074"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KJ-B2023074"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Orthop Surg Res"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s13018-025-05922-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,26]],"date-time":"2025-05-26T20:35:09Z","timestamp":1748291709000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["TRIM55 suppresses inflammatory response after spinal cord injury by accelerating the ubiquitination and degradation of TLR4"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Yang","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"5922_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(02)07603-1","volume":"359","author":"JW McDonald","year":"2002","unstructured":"McDonald JW, Sadowsky C. Spinal-cord injury. Lancet. 2002;359:417\u201325.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"5922_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"GBD Spinal Cord Injuries Collaborators. Global, regional, and national burden of spinal cord injury, 1990-2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. Lancet Neurol 2023;22:1026\u201347.","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(23)00287-9"},{"key":"5922_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11075","DOI":"10.1111\/jcmm.17030","volume":"25","author":"H Jin","year":"2021","unstructured":"Jin H, Ge X, Huan Z, et al. Stress-induced phosphoprotein 1 restrains spinal cord ischaemia-reperfusion injury by modulating NF-kappaB signalling. J Cell Mol Med. 2021;25:11075\u201384.","journal-title":"J Cell Mol Med"},{"key":"5922_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9280","DOI":"10.7150\/thno.46566","volume":"10","author":"K Zhou","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zhou K, Zheng Z, Li Y, et al. TFE3, a potential therapeutic target for Spinal Cord Injury via augmenting autophagy flux and alleviating ER stress. Theranostics. 2020;10:9280\u2013302.","journal-title":"Theranostics"},{"key":"5922_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2405759","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202405759","volume":"11","author":"Y Geng","year":"2024","unstructured":"Geng Y, Lou J, Wu J, et al. NEMO-Binding Domain\/IKKgamma inhibitory peptide alleviates neuronal pyroptosis in spinal cord injury by inhibiting ASMase-induced lysosome membrane permeabilization. Adv Sci. 2024;11:e2405759.","journal-title":"Adv Sci"},{"key":"5922_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1138","DOI":"10.7150\/ijbs.57825","volume":"17","author":"C Wu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wu C, Chen H, Zhuang R, et al. Betulinic acid inhibits pyroptosis in spinal cord injury by augmenting autophagy via the AMPK-mTOR-TFEB signaling pathway. Int J Biol Sci. 2021;17:1138\u201352.","journal-title":"Int J Biol Sci"},{"key":"5922_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Anjum A, Yazid MD, Fauzi DM, et al. Spinal Cord Injury: Pathophysiology, Multimolecular Interactions, and Underlying Recovery Mechanisms. Int J Mol Sci. 2020;21:7533.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21207533"},{"key":"5922_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jendelova P. Therapeutic Strategies for Spinal Cord Injury. Int J Mol Sci. 2018;19:3200.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms19103200"},{"key":"5922_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1125","DOI":"10.1242\/dmm.025833","volume":"9","author":"J Kjell","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kjell J, Olson L. Rat models of spinal cord injury: from pathology to potential therapies. Dis Model Mech. 2016;9:1125\u201337.","journal-title":"Dis Model Mech"},{"key":"5922_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Freyermuth-Trujillo X, Segura-Uribe JJ, Salgado-Ceballos H, Orozco-Barrios CE, Coyoy-Salgado A. Inflammation: a target for treatment in spinal cord injury. Cells-Basel. 2022;11:2692.","DOI":"10.3390\/cells11172692"},{"key":"5922_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"van Wijk SJ, Fulda S, Dikic I, Heilemann M. Visualizing ubiquitination in mammalian cells. Embo Rep. 2019;20:e46520.","DOI":"10.15252\/embr.201846520"},{"key":"5922_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"937","DOI":"10.1042\/BST0370937","volume":"37","author":"D Komander","year":"2009","unstructured":"Komander D. The emerging complexity of protein ubiquitination. Biochem Soc T. 2009;37:937\u201353.","journal-title":"Biochem Soc T"},{"key":"5922_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2563","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.92.7.2563","volume":"92","author":"JM Huibregtse","year":"1995","unstructured":"Huibregtse JM, Scheffner M, Beaudenon S, Howley PM. A family of proteins structurally and functionally related to the E6-AP ubiquitin-protein ligase. P Natl Acad Sci USA. 1995;92:2563\u20137.","journal-title":"P Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"5922_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.1038\/ncb3358","volume":"18","author":"R Yau","year":"2016","unstructured":"Yau R, Rape M. The increasing complexity of the ubiquitin code. NAT CELL BIOL. 2016;18:579\u201386.","journal-title":"NAT CELL BIOL"},{"key":"5922_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Meroni G, Desagher S. Cellular Function of TRIM E3 Ubiquitin Ligases in Health and Disease. Cells-Basel. 2022;11:250.","DOI":"10.3390\/cells11020250"},{"key":"5922_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"n5410","DOI":"10.1126\/scisignal.abn5410","volume":"16","author":"L Lin","year":"2023","unstructured":"Lin L, Yu H, Li L, et al. TRIM55 promotes noncanonical NF-kappaB signaling and B cell-mediated immune responses by coordinating p100 ubiquitination and processing. Sci Signal. 2023;16:n5410.","journal-title":"Sci Signal"},{"key":"5922_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1007\/s10974-012-9288-7","volume":"33","author":"S Perera","year":"2012","unstructured":"Perera S, Mankoo B, Gautel M. Developmental regulation of MURF E3 ubiquitin ligases in skeletal muscle. J Muscle Res Cell M. 2012;33:107\u201322.","journal-title":"J Muscle Res Cell M"},{"key":"5922_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1281","DOI":"10.2147\/JHC.S418049","volume":"10","author":"X Lu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Lu X, Yuan Y, Cai N, et al. TRIM55 promotes proliferation of hepatocellular carcinoma through stabilizing TRIP6 to activate Wnt\/beta-Catenin signaling. J Hepatocell Carcino. 2023;10:1281\u201393.","journal-title":"J Hepatocell Carcino"},{"key":"5922_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2183","DOI":"10.4251\/wjgo.v14.i11.2183","volume":"14","author":"WW Li","year":"2022","unstructured":"Li WW, Yuan H, Kong S, Tian SB. E3 ubiquitin ligase TRIM55 promotes metastasis of gastric cancer cells by mediating epithelial-mesenchymal transition. World J Gastro Oncol. 2022;14:2183\u201394.","journal-title":"World J Gastro Oncol"},{"key":"5922_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1038\/cmi.2016.66","volume":"14","author":"MM Hu","year":"2017","unstructured":"Hu MM, Shu HB. Multifaceted roles of TRIM38 in innate immune and inflammatory responses. Cell Mol Immunol. 2017;14:331\u20138.","journal-title":"Cell Mol Immunol"},{"key":"5922_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2407132","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202407132","volume":"11","author":"J Lou","year":"2024","unstructured":"Lou J, Mao Y, Jiang W, et al. TRIM56 modulates YBX1 degradation to ameliorate ZBP1-mediated neuronal PANoptosis in spinal cord injury. ADV SCI. 2024;11:e2407132.","journal-title":"ADV SCI"},{"key":"5922_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1111\/cns.12694","volume":"23","author":"BT Tan","year":"2017","unstructured":"Tan BT, Jiang L, Liu L, et al. Local injection of Lenti-Olig2 at lesion site promotes functional recovery of spinal cord injury in rats. Cns Neurosci Ther. 2017;23:475\u201387.","journal-title":"Cns Neurosci Ther"},{"key":"5922_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1043","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2008.0717","volume":"26","author":"M Martinez","year":"2009","unstructured":"Martinez M, Brezun JM, Bonnier L, Xerri C. A new rating scale for open-field evaluation of behavioral recovery after cervical spinal cord injury in rats. J Neurotraum. 2009;26:1043\u201353.","journal-title":"J Neurotraum"},{"key":"5922_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Khaing ZZ, Chen JY, Safarians G, et al. Clinical trials targeting secondary damage after traumatic spinal cord injury. Int J Mol Sci. 2023;24:3824.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24043824"},{"key":"5922_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1080\/14737175.2025.2470326","volume":"25","author":"F Migliorini","year":"2025","unstructured":"Migliorini F, Pilone M, Eschweiler J, et al. Therapeutic strategies that modulate the acute phase of secondary spinal cord injury scarring and inflammation and improve injury outcomes. Expert Rev Neurother. 2025;25:477\u201390.","journal-title":"Expert Rev Neurother"},{"key":"5922_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1093\/bmb\/ldae009","volume":"151","author":"F Migliorini","year":"2024","unstructured":"Migliorini F, Cocconi F, Schafer L, et al. Pharmacological management of secondary chronic spinal cord injury: a systematic review. Brit Med Bull. 2024;151:49\u201368.","journal-title":"Brit Med Bull"},{"key":"5922_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1793","DOI":"10.1080\/14656566.2021.1918674","volume":"22","author":"A Baroncini","year":"2021","unstructured":"Baroncini A, Maffulli N, Eschweiler J, Tingart M, Migliorini F. Pharmacological management of secondary spinal cord injury. Expert Opin Pharmaco. 2021;22:1793\u2013800.","journal-title":"Expert Opin Pharmaco"},{"key":"5922_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13511","DOI":"10.1002\/cam4.6020","volume":"12","author":"M Lin","year":"2023","unstructured":"Lin M, Fang Z, Lin X, et al. TRIM55 inhibits colorectal cancer development via enhancing protein degradation of c-Myc. Cancer Med-US. 2023;12:13511\u201321.","journal-title":"Cancer Med-US"},{"key":"5922_CR29","first-page":"8939","volume":"12","author":"J Tan","year":"2020","unstructured":"Tan J, Shen J, Zhu H, et al. miR-378a-3p inhibits ischemia\/reperfusion-induced apoptosis in H9C2 cardiomyocytes by targeting TRIM55 via the DUSP1-JNK1\/2 signaling pathway. Aging (Albany, NY). 2020;12:8939\u201352.","journal-title":"Aging (Albany, NY.)"},{"key":"5922_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"887","DOI":"10.1038\/s41418-020-0495-2","volume":"27","author":"M Di Rienzo","year":"2020","unstructured":"Di Rienzo M, Romagnoli A, Antonioli M, Piacentini M, Fimia GM. TRIM proteins in autophagy: selective sensors in cell damage and innate immune responses. Cell Death Differ. 2020;27:887\u2013902.","journal-title":"Cell Death Differ"},{"key":"5922_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-021-02337-2","volume":"18","author":"DJ Hellenbrand","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hellenbrand DJ, Quinn CM, Piper ZJ, et al. Inflammation after spinal cord injury: a review of the critical timeline of signaling cues and cellular infiltration. J Neuroinflamm. 2021;18:284.","journal-title":"J Neuroinflamm"},{"key":"5922_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1186\/s13578-023-00967-y","volume":"13","author":"G Gu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Gu G, Zhu B, Ren J, et al. Ang-(1\u20137)\/MasR axis promotes functional recovery after spinal cord injury by regulating microglia\/macrophage polarization. Cell Biosci. 2023;13:23.","journal-title":"Cell Biosci"},{"key":"5922_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-019-1658-2","volume":"16","author":"H Zeng","year":"2019","unstructured":"Zeng H, Liu N, Yang YY, et al. Lentivirus-mediated downregulation of alpha-synuclein reduces neuroinflammation and promotes functional recovery in rats with spinal cord injury. J Neuroinflamm. 2019;16:283.","journal-title":"J Neuroinflamm"},{"key":"5922_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.1863","volume":"11","author":"T Kawai","year":"2010","unstructured":"Kawai T, Akira S. The role of pattern-recognition receptors in innate immunity: update on Toll-like receptors. Nat Immunol. 2010;11:373\u201384.","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"5922_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114291","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2022.114291","volume":"235","author":"Y Zhang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zhang Y, Liang X, Bao X, Xiao W, Chen G. Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) inhibitors: Current research and prospective. Eur J Med Chem. 2022;235:114291.","journal-title":"Eur J Med Chem"},{"key":"5922_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e894","DOI":"10.1002\/ctm2.894","volume":"12","author":"J Wang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wang J, Zhang F, Xu H, et al. TLR4 aggravates microglial pyroptosis by promoting DDX3X-mediated NLRP3 inflammasome activation via JAK2\/STAT1 pathway after spinal cord injury. Clin Transl Med. 2022;12:e894.","journal-title":"Clin Transl Med"},{"key":"5922_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2933","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-30467-5","volume":"13","author":"I Francos-Quijorna","year":"2022","unstructured":"Francos-Quijorna I, Sanchez-Petidier M, Burnside ER, et al. Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans prevent immune cell phenotypic conversion and inflammation resolution via TLR4 in rodent models of spinal cord injury. Nat Commun. 2022;13:2933.","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"5922_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"702659","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2021.702659","volume":"8","author":"Z Rong","year":"2021","unstructured":"Rong Z, Huang Y, Cai H, et al. Gut Microbiota disorders promote inflammation and aggravate spinal cord injury through the TLR4\/MyD88 signaling pathway. Front Nutr. 2021;8:702659.","journal-title":"Front Nutr"},{"key":"5922_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1111\/imr.12308","volume":"266","author":"K Sasaki","year":"2015","unstructured":"Sasaki K, Iwai K. Roles of linear ubiquitinylation, a crucial regulator of NF-\u03baB and cell death, in the immune system. Immunol Rev. 2015;266:175\u201389.","journal-title":"Immunol Rev"},{"key":"5922_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.3389\/fnmol.2016.00004","volume":"9","author":"B Gong","year":"2016","unstructured":"Gong B, Radulovic M, Figueiredo-Pereira ME, Cardozo C. The ubiquitin-proteasome system: potential therapeutic targets for alzheimer\u2019s disease and spinal cord injury. Front Mol Neurosci. 2016;9:4.","journal-title":"Front Mol Neurosci"},{"key":"5922_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3991","DOI":"10.1111\/ejn.15693","volume":"56","author":"Z Li","year":"2022","unstructured":"Li Z, Bai H, Zhang R, et al. Systematic analysis of critical genes and pathways identified a signature of neuropathic pain after spinal cord injury. Eur J Neurosci. 2022;56:3991\u20134008.","journal-title":"Eur J Neurosci"},{"key":"5922_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1084101","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.1084101","volume":"13","author":"RC Sterner","year":"2022","unstructured":"Sterner RC, Sterner RM. Immune response following traumatic spinal cord injury: Pathophysiology and therapies. Front Immunol. 2022;13:1084101.","journal-title":"Front Immunol"}],"container-title":["Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13018-025-05922-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s13018-025-05922-w\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13018-025-05922-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,26]],"date-time":"2025-05-26T20:35:13Z","timestamp":1748291713000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/josr-online.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s13018-025-05922-w"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,26]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["5922"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13018-025-05922-w","relation":{},"ISSN":["1749-799X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1749-799X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,26]]},"assertion":[{"value":"16 October 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"12 May 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"26 May 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Changsha Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine. All animal experiments should comply with the elines. All methods were carried out in accordance with relevant guidelines and regulations.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"517"}}