{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]],"date-time":"2026-08-24T23:27:16Z","timestamp":1787614036531,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,5]],"date-time":"2025-06-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1749081600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,5]],"date-time":"2025-06-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1749081600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012659","name":"Foundation for Innovative Research Groups of the National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82372412"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82372412"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Orthop Surg Res"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s13018-025-05944-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,5]],"date-time":"2025-06-05T04:15:47Z","timestamp":1749096947000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Sympathetic cholinergic nerve fibres promote BMSC differentiation into osteoblasts via NRTN secretion: a potential treatment for osteoporosis"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Yuechun","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhenyu","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huibo","family":"Ti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junjie","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Feng-lai","family":"Yuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xia","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"5944_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tan B, Su H, Wei L, Liang M. Association of dietary patterns with osteoporosis risk: a meta-analysis of observational studies. J Orthop Surg Res. 2025;20(1):551.","DOI":"10.1186\/s13018-025-05896-9"},{"issue":"9773","key":"5944_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1276","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(10)62349-5","volume":"377","author":"TD Rachner","year":"2011","unstructured":"Rachner TD, Khosla S, Hofbauer LC. Osteoporosis: now and the future. Lancet. 2011;377(9773):1276\u201387.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"1","key":"5944_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"813","DOI":"10.1186\/s13018-024-05301-x","volume":"19","author":"MO Andersen","year":"2024","unstructured":"Andersen MO, Andresen AK, Hartvigsen J, et al. Vertebroplasty for painful osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures: a protocol for a single-center doubled-blind randomized sham-controlled clinical trial. VOPE2. J Orthop Surg Res. 2024;19(1):813.","journal-title":"J Orthop Surg Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"5944_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"792","DOI":"10.1186\/s13018-024-05295-6","volume":"19","author":"L Shen","year":"2024","unstructured":"Shen L, Yang HL, Zhou F, et al. Risk factors of short-term residual low back pain after PKP for the first thoracolumbar osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture. J Orthop Surg Res. 2024;19(1):792.","journal-title":"J Orthop Surg Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"5944_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"855","DOI":"10.1186\/s13018-024-05320-8","volume":"19","author":"FL Huang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Huang FL, Wang YT, Liu JZ, et al. Asperuloside alleviates osteoporosis by promoting autophagy and regulating Nrf2 activation. J Orthop Surg Res. 2024;19(1):855.","journal-title":"J Orthop Surg Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"5944_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"789","DOI":"10.1186\/s13018-024-05287-6","volume":"19","author":"J Leeyaphan","year":"2024","unstructured":"Leeyaphan J, Rojjananukulpong K, Intarasompun P, et al. Simple clinical predictors for making directive decisions in osteoporosis screening for women: a cross-sectional study. J Orthop Surg Res. 2024;19(1):789.","journal-title":"J Orthop Surg Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"5944_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"869","DOI":"10.1186\/s13018-024-05361-z","volume":"19","author":"XX Bao","year":"2024","unstructured":"Bao XX, Liu C, Liu HM, et al. Association between polymorphisms of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor gene and susceptibility to osteoporosis in Chinese postmenopausal women. J Orthop Surg Res. 2024;19(1):869.","journal-title":"J Orthop Surg Res"},{"key":"5944_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen ZH, Wu JJ, Guo DY, Li YY, Chen MN, Zhang ZY, et al. Physiological functions of podosomes: From structure and function to therapy implications in osteoclast biology of bone resorption. Ageing Res Rev. 2023;85:101842.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2023.101842"},{"issue":"1","key":"5944_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1080\/17512433.2021.1851192","volume":"14","author":"F Migliorini","year":"2021","unstructured":"Migliorini F, Colarossi G, Baroncini A, et al. Pharmacological management of postmenopausal osteoporosis: a level I evidence based - expert opinion. Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol. 2021;14(1):105\u201319.","journal-title":"Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol"},{"issue":"7","key":"5944_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2003390","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202003390","volume":"8","author":"QQ Wan","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wan QQ, Qin WP, Ma YX, et al. Crosstalk between bone and nerves within bone. Adv Sci (Weinh). 2021;8(7):2003390.","journal-title":"Adv Sci (Weinh)"},{"issue":"18","key":"5944_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2207602","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202207602","volume":"10","author":"QY Guo","year":"2023","unstructured":"Guo QY, Chen NR, Qian C, et al. Sympathetic innervation regulates osteocyte-mediated cortical bone resorption during lactation. Adv Sci (Weinh). 2023;10(18):e2207602.","journal-title":"Adv Sci (Weinh)"},{"issue":"1","key":"5944_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1038\/s41413-023-00300-w","volume":"11","author":"JQ Li","year":"2023","unstructured":"Li JQ, Liu B, Wu H, et al. Sensory nerves directly promote osteoclastogenesis by secreting peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase D (Cyp40). Bone Res. 2023;11(1):64.","journal-title":"Bone Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"5944_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1083","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00014.2017","volume":"98","author":"F Elefteriou","year":"2018","unstructured":"Elefteriou F. Impact of the autonomic nervous system on the skeleton. Physiol Rev. 2018;98(3):1083\u2013112.","journal-title":"Physiol Rev"},{"issue":"1","key":"5944_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines11010033","volume":"11","author":"WF Zhang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zhang WF, Liu YH, Xu JX, et al. The role of sympathetic nerves in osteoporosis: A narrative review. Biomedicines. 2022;11(1):33.","journal-title":"Biomedicines"},{"issue":"1","key":"5944_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-28175-1","volume":"13","author":"C Fielding","year":"2022","unstructured":"Fielding C, Garcia - Garcia A, Korn C, et al. Cholinergic signals preserve Haematopoietic stem cell quiescence during regenerative haematopoiesis. Nat Commun. 2022;13(1):543.","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"19\u201320","key":"5944_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2339","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-005-5175-3","volume":"62","author":"F Elefteriou","year":"2005","unstructured":"Elefteriou F. Neuronal signaling and the regulation of bone remodeling. Cell Mol Life Sci. 2005;62(19\u201320):2339\u201349.","journal-title":"Cell Mol Life Sci"},{"issue":"7450","key":"5944_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.1038\/nature12115","volume":"497","author":"T Fukuda","year":"2013","unstructured":"Fukuda T, Takeda S, Xu R, et al. Sema3A regulates bone-mass accrual through sensory innervations. Nature. 2013;497(7450):490\u20133.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"18","key":"5944_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E3632","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1701054114","volume":"114","author":"RE Tomlinson","year":"2017","unstructured":"Tomlinson RE, Li Z, Li Z, et al. NGF-TrkA signaling in sensory nerves is required for skeletal adaptation to mechanical loads in mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2017;114(18):E3632\u201341.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"issue":"6608","key":"5944_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1038\/384467a0","volume":"384","author":"PT Kotzbauer","year":"1996","unstructured":"Kotzbauer PT, Lampe PA, Heuckeroth RO, et al. Neurturin, a relative of glial-cell-line-derived neurotrophic factor. Nature. 1996;384(6608):467\u201370.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"12","key":"5944_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1164","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(10)70254-4","volume":"9","author":"WJ Marks Jr","year":"2010","unstructured":"Marks WJ Jr, Bartus RT, Siffert J, et al. Gene delivery of AAV2-neurturin for Parkinson\u2019s disease: a double-blind, randomised, controlled trial. Lancet Neurol. 2010;9(12):1164\u201372.","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"issue":"18","key":"5944_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1698","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3182904faa","volume":"80","author":"RT Bartus","year":"2013","unstructured":"Bartus RT, Baumann TL, Siffert J, et al. Safety\/feasibility of targeting the substantia Nigra with AAV2-neurturin in Parkinson patients. Neurology. 2013;80(18):1698\u2013701.","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"11","key":"5944_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2215","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2021.09.003","volume":"33","author":"JC Correia","year":"2021","unstructured":"Correia JC, Kelahmetoglu Y, Jannig PR, et al. Muscle-secreted neurturin couples myofiber oxidative metabolism and slow motor neuron identity. Cell Metab. 2021;33(11):2215\u2013e22308.","journal-title":"Cell Metab"},{"issue":"4","key":"5944_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"528","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stem.2022.02.008","volume":"29","author":"S Gadomski","year":"2022","unstructured":"Gadomski S, Fielding C, Garcia - Garcia A, et al. A cholinergic neuroskeletal interface promotes bone formation during postnatal growth and exercise. Cell Stem Cell. 2022;29(4):528\u2013e5449.","journal-title":"Cell Stem Cell"},{"issue":"5","key":"5944_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"868","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2015.11.018","volume":"24","author":"MA Cleary","year":"2016","unstructured":"Cleary MA, Narcisi R, Focke K, et al. Expression of CD105 on expanded mesenchymal stem cells does not predict their chondrogenic potential. Osteoarthr Cartil. 2016;24(5):868\u201372.","journal-title":"Osteoarthr Cartil"},{"issue":"1","key":"5944_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1002\/dvdy.736","volume":"254","author":"MJ Tu","year":"2025","unstructured":"Tu MJ, Ge BQ, Li JL, et al. Emerging biological functions of Twist1 in cell differentiation. Dev Dyn. 2025;254(1):8\u201325.","journal-title":"Dev Dyn"},{"issue":"6","key":"5944_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tem.2013.02.001","volume":"24","author":"A Mediero","year":"2013","unstructured":"Mediero A, Cronstein BN. Adenosine and bone metabolism. Trends Endocrinol Metab. 2013;24(6):290\u2013300.","journal-title":"Trends Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"1","key":"5944_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1186\/s11658-022-00371-3","volume":"27","author":"B Liang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Liang B, Burley G, Lin S, et al. Osteoporosis pathogenesis and treatment: existing and emerging avenues. Cell Mol Biol Lett. 2022;27(1):72.","journal-title":"Cell Mol Biol Lett"},{"issue":"1","key":"5944_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1186\/s13018-021-02678-x","volume":"16","author":"F Migliorini","year":"2021","unstructured":"Migliorini F, Maffulli N, Colarossi G, et al. Effect of drugs on bone mineral density in postmenopausal osteoporosis: a bayesian network meta-analysis. J Orthop Surg Res. 2021;16(1):533.","journal-title":"J Orthop Surg Res"},{"issue":"2 Suppl","key":"5944_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2005.08.047","volume":"194","author":"NE Lane","year":"2006","unstructured":"Lane NE. Epidemiology, etiology, and diagnosis of osteoporosis. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2006;194(2 Suppl):S3\u201311.","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"10","key":"5944_CR30","first-page":"1119","volume":"57","author":"F Migliorini","year":"2021","unstructured":"Migliorini F, Giorgino R, Hildebrand F, et al. Fragility fractures: risk factors and management in the elderly. Med (Kaunas). 2021;57(10):1119.","journal-title":"Med (Kaunas)"},{"issue":"21","key":"5944_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2027","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMct1004903","volume":"363","author":"MJ Favus","year":"2010","unstructured":"Favus MJ. Bisphosphonates for osteoporosis. N Engl J Med. 2010;363(21):2027\u201335.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"18","key":"5944_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2709","DOI":"10.2165\/0003495-200868180-00012","volume":"68","author":"SK Blick","year":"2008","unstructured":"Blick SK, Dhillon S, Keam SJ. Teriparatide: a review of its use in osteoporosis. Drugs. 2008;68(18):2709\u201337.","journal-title":"Drugs"},{"issue":"2","key":"5944_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2010.02.008","volume":"66","author":"EM Lewiecki","year":"2010","unstructured":"Lewiecki EM. Treatment of osteoporosis with denosumab. Maturitas. 2010;66(2):182\u20136.","journal-title":"Maturitas"},{"issue":"3","key":"5944_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5452","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms16035452","volume":"16","author":"V Conti","year":"2015","unstructured":"Conti V, Russomanno G, Corbi G, et al. A polymorphism at the translation start site of the vitamin D receptor gene is associated with the response to anti-osteoporotic therapy in postmenopausal women from Southern Italy. Int J Mol Sci. 2015;16(3):5452\u201366.","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"5944_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1038\/nrd3299","volume":"10","author":"M Kawai","year":"2011","unstructured":"Kawai M, Modder UI, Khosla S, et al. Emerging therapeutic opportunities for skeletal restoration. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2011;10(2):141\u201356.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Drug Discov"},{"issue":"1","key":"5944_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1093\/bmb\/ldac017","volume":"143","author":"F Migliorini","year":"2022","unstructured":"Migliorini F, Colarossi G, Eschweiler J, et al. Antiresorptive treatments for corticosteroid-induced osteoporosis: a bayesian network meta-analysis. Br Med Bull. 2022;143(1):46\u201356.","journal-title":"Br Med Bull"},{"issue":"1","key":"5944_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1186\/s13018-021-02497-0","volume":"16","author":"F Migliorini","year":"2021","unstructured":"Migliorini F, Maffulli N, Spiezia F, et al. Potential of biomarkers during Pharmacological therapy setting for postmenopausal osteoporosis: a systematic review. J Orthop Surg Res. 2021;16(1):351.","journal-title":"J Orthop Surg Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"5944_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1186\/s13018-021-02474-7","volume":"16","author":"F Migliorini","year":"2021","unstructured":"Migliorini F, Maffulli N, Spiezia F, et al. Biomarkers as therapy monitoring for postmenopausal osteoporosis: a systematic review. J Orthop Surg Res. 2021;16(1):318.","journal-title":"J Orthop Surg Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"5944_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-08097-7","volume":"10","author":"H Chen","year":"2019","unstructured":"Chen H, Hu B, Lv X, et al. Prostaglandin E2 mediates sensory nerve regulation of bone homeostasis. Nat Commun. 2019;10(1):181.","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"7","key":"5944_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3483","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI131554","volume":"130","author":"B Hu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hu B, Lv X, Chen H, et al. Sensory nerves regulate mesenchymal stromal cell lineage commitment by tuning sympathetic tones. J Clin Invest. 2020;130(7):3483\u201398.","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"issue":"23","key":"5944_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e152868","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI152868","volume":"132","author":"N Luo","year":"2022","unstructured":"Luo N, Mosialou L, Capulli M, et al. A neuronal action of Sirtuin 1 suppresses bone mass in young and aging mice. J Clin Invest. 2022;132(23):e152868.","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"issue":"3","key":"5944_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1239","DOI":"10.1002\/j.2040-4603.2016.tb00714.x","volume":"6","author":"EA Wehrwein","year":"2016","unstructured":"Wehrwein EA, Orer HS, Barman SM. Overview of the anatomy, physiology, and Pharmacology of the autonomic nervous system. Compr Physiol. 2016;6(3):1239\u201378.","journal-title":"Compr Physiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"5944_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1273","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22031273","volume":"22","author":"RA Bekdash","year":"2021","unstructured":"Bekdash RA. The cholinergic system, the adrenergic system and the neuropathology of Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Int J Mol Sci. 2021;22(3):1273.","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"issue":"12","key":"5944_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2005","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.116.304679","volume":"116","author":"K Fukuda","year":"2015","unstructured":"Fukuda K, Kanazawa H, Aizawa Y, et al. Cardiac innervation and sudden cardiac death. Circ Res. 2015;116(12):2005\u201319.","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"5944_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"G75","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00425.2016","volume":"314","author":"S Verheijden","year":"2018","unstructured":"Verheijden S, Boeckxstaens GE. Neuroimmune interaction and the regulation of intestinal immune homeostasis. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol. 2018;314(1):G75\u201380.","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"5944_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1241","DOI":"10.1002\/j.2040-4603.2012.tb00428.x","volume":"2","author":"BJ Undem","year":"2012","unstructured":"Undem BJ, Potenzieri C. Autonomic neural control of intrathoracic airways. Compr Physiol. 2012;2(2):1241\u201367.","journal-title":"Compr Physiol"},{"issue":"11","key":"5944_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4832","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI122151","volume":"128","author":"S Khosla","year":"2018","unstructured":"Khosla S, Drake MT, Volkman TL, et al. Sympathetic beta1-adrenergic signaling contributes to regulation of human bone metabolism. J Clin Invest. 2018;128(11):4832\u201342.","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"issue":"1","key":"5944_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1038\/s41368-022-00193-1","volume":"14","author":"BD Sui","year":"2022","unstructured":"Sui BD, Liu J, Zheng CX, et al. Targeted Inhibition of osteoclastogenesis reveals the pathogenesis and therapeutics of bone loss under sympathetic neurostress. Int J Oral Sci. 2022;14(1):39.","journal-title":"Int J Oral Sci"},{"issue":"38","key":"5944_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15455","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1206061109","volume":"109","author":"A Bajayo","year":"2012","unstructured":"Bajayo A, Bar A, Denes A, et al. Skeletal parasympathetic innervation communicates central IL-1 signals regulating bone mass accrual. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2012;109(38):15455\u201360.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"issue":"6314","key":"5944_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"893","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aah5454","volume":"354","author":"I Espinosa-Medina","year":"2016","unstructured":"Espinosa-Medina I, Saha O, Boismoreau F, et al. The sacral autonomic outflow is sympathetic. Science. 2016;354(6314):893\u20137.","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"13","key":"5944_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4929","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.18-13-04929.1998","volume":"18","author":"BA Horger","year":"1998","unstructured":"Horger BA, Nishimura MC, Armanini MP, et al. Neurturin exerts potent actions on survival and function of midbrain dopaminergic neurons. J Neurosci. 1998;18(13):4929\u201337.","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"issue":"5","key":"5944_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn812","volume":"3","author":"MS Airaksinen","year":"2002","unstructured":"Airaksinen MS, Saarma M. The GDNF family: signalling, biological functions and therapeutic value. Nat Rev Neurosci. 2002;3(5):383\u201394.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurosci"},{"issue":"1","key":"5944_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113049","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yexcr.2022.113049","volume":"413","author":"SY Wang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wang SY, Nie LM, Song YX, et al. Neurturin promotes tumor cell motility and angiogenesis in colorectal cancer. Exp Cell Res. 2022;413(1):113049.","journal-title":"Exp Cell Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"5944_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1093\/carcin\/bgt312","volume":"35","author":"K Wang","year":"2014","unstructured":"Wang K, Ekin Demir I, D\u2019Haese JG, et al. The neurotrophic factor neurturin contributes toward an aggressive cancer cell phenotype, neuropathic pain and neuronal plasticity in pancreatic cancer. Carcinogenesis. 2014;35(1):103\u201313.","journal-title":"Carcinogenesis"},{"key":"5944_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2021.10.008","volume":"123","author":"MM Durdan","year":"2022","unstructured":"Durdan MM, Azaria RD, Weivoda MM. Novel insights into the coupling of osteoclasts and resorption to bone formation. Semin Cell Dev Biol. 2022;123:4\u201313.","journal-title":"Semin Cell Dev Biol"},{"issue":"33","key":"5944_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25103","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.R109.041087","volume":"285","author":"LJ Raggatt","year":"2010","unstructured":"Raggatt LJ, Partridge NC. Cellular and molecular mechanisms of bone remodeling. J Biol Chem. 2010;285(33):25103\u20138.","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"issue":"3","key":"5944_CR57","first-page":"233","volume":"31","author":"JA Siddiqui","year":"2016","unstructured":"Siddiqui JA, Partridge NC. Physiological bone remodeling: systemic regulation and growth factor involvement. Physiol (Bethesda). 2016;31(3):233\u201345.","journal-title":"Physiol (Bethesda)"},{"issue":"2","key":"5944_CR58","first-page":"115","volume":"21","author":"SC Manolagas","year":"2000","unstructured":"Manolagas SC. Birth and death of bone cells: basic regulatory mechanisms and implications for the pathogenesis and treatment of osteoporosis. Endocr Rev. 2000;21(2):115\u201337.","journal-title":"Endocr Rev"},{"issue":"3","key":"5944_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1177\/0004563218759371","volume":"55","author":"JS Kenkre","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kenkre JS, Bassett J. The bone remodelling cycle. Ann Clin Biochem. 2018;55(3):308\u201327.","journal-title":"Ann Clin Biochem"},{"key":"5944_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1365.035","volume":"1092","author":"DJ Hadjidakis","year":"2006","unstructured":"Hadjidakis DJ, Androulakis II. Bone remodeling. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2006;1092:385\u201396.","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci"},{"issue":"5","key":"5944_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"444","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2008.07.016","volume":"19","author":"NA Sims","year":"2008","unstructured":"Sims NA, Gooi JH. Bone remodeling: multiple cellular interactions required for coupling of bone formation and resorption. Semin Cell Dev Biol. 2008;19(5):444\u201351.","journal-title":"Semin Cell Dev Biol"},{"key":"5944_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-pathol-011110-130203","volume":"6","author":"X Feng","year":"2011","unstructured":"Feng X, McDonald JM. Disorders of bone remodeling. Annu Rev Pathol. 2011;6:121\u201345.","journal-title":"Annu Rev Pathol"},{"key":"5944_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101842","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2023.101842","volume":"85","author":"ZH Chen","year":"2023","unstructured":"Chen ZH, Wu JJ, Guo DY, et al. Physiological functions of podosomes: from structure and function to therapy implications in osteoclast biology of bone resorption. Ageing Res Rev. 2023;85:101842.","journal-title":"Ageing Res Rev"},{"issue":"1","key":"5944_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1186\/s13287-019-1309-7","volume":"10","author":"JC Wang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Wang JC, Liu SZ, Li JY, et al. Roles for MiRNAs in osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. Stem Cell Res Ther. 2019;10(1):197.","journal-title":"Stem Cell Res Ther"},{"key":"5944_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"379093","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/379093","volume":"2015","author":"M Maredziak","year":"2015","unstructured":"Maredziak M, Smieszek A, Chrzastek K, et al. Physical activity increases the total number of bone-marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells, enhances their osteogenic potential, and inhibits their adipogenic properties. Stem Cells Int. 2015;2015:379093.","journal-title":"Stem Cells Int"},{"key":"5944_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101915","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redox.2021.101915","volume":"41","author":"YY Guo","year":"2021","unstructured":"Guo YY, Jia X, Cui YZ, et al. Sirt3-mediated mitophagy regulates AGEs-induced BMSCs senescence and senile osteoporosis. Redox Biol. 2021;41:101915.","journal-title":"Redox Biol"},{"key":"5944_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"598263","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2020.598263","volume":"8","author":"KX Chen","year":"2020","unstructured":"Chen KX, Jiao YR, Liu L, et al. Communications between bone marrow macrophages and bone cells in bone remodeling. Front Cell Dev Biol. 2020;8:598263.","journal-title":"Front Cell Dev Biol"},{"issue":"75","key":"5944_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2015.02.017","volume":"92","author":"FL Yuan","year":"2015","unstructured":"Yuan FL, Xu RS, Jiang DL, et al. Leonurine hydrochloride inhibits osteoclastogenesis and prevents osteoporosis associated with estrogen deficiency by inhibiting the NF-\u03baB and PI3K\/Akt signaling pathways. Bone. 2015;75:128-37.","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"5944_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fu YF, Shi SW, Wu JJ, Yuan ZD, Wang LS, Nie H, et al.\u00a0Osteoclast secretes stage-specific key molecules for modulating osteoclast-osteoblast communication. J Cell Physiol. 2025;240(1):e31484.","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.31484"},{"key":"5944_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen ZH, Du DY, Fu YF, et al. Citric acid-modified pH-sensitive bone-targeted delivery of estrogen for the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis. Mater Today Bio. 2023;22:100747.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2023.100747"}],"container-title":["Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13018-025-05944-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s13018-025-05944-4\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13018-025-05944-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,5]],"date-time":"2025-06-05T05:02:06Z","timestamp":1749099726000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/josr-online.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s13018-025-05944-4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,5]]},"references-count":70,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["5944"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13018-025-05944-4","relation":{},"ISSN":["1749-799X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1749-799X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"19 December 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"19 May 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"5 June 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"All animal procedures were conducted in accordance with the protocol approved by the Laboratory Animal Committee of Jiangnan University (JN. No20240315c0400630[107]).","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"571"}}