{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T05:02:46Z","timestamp":1791349366973,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,12]],"date-time":"2025-08-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754956800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,12]],"date-time":"2025-08-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754956800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Orthop Surg Res"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s13018-025-06174-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,12]],"date-time":"2025-08-12T10:14:43Z","timestamp":1754993683000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Thoracic controllable antedisplacement and fusion in the treatment of multilevel thoracic ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament: a case series with technical notes"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Jiawen","family":"Niu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cheng","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jie","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yang","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wen","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chuanhong","family":"Dou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chunzheng","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yachao","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dongjin","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,12]]},"reference":[{"issue":"8","key":"6174_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e59238","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2021-059238","volume":"12","author":"H Yoshihara","year":"2022","unstructured":"Yoshihara H, Horowitz E, Nadarajah V. Prevalence and characteristics of thoracic ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament in 3299 black patients: a cross-sectional study of a prospectively registered database. BMJ Open. 2022;12(8):e59238.","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"issue":"4","key":"6174_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1108","DOI":"10.14245\/ns.2244700.350","volume":"19","author":"YH Choi","year":"2022","unstructured":"Choi YH, Lee JH, Kwon YM. Prevalence, distribution, and concomitance of whole-spine ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament and ossification of the ligament flavum in South koreans: a whole-spine-CT-based cross-sectional study. Neurospine. 2022;19(4):1108\u201315.","journal-title":"Neurospine"},{"issue":"1","key":"6174_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-019-2569-1","volume":"20","author":"H Liang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Liang H, Liu G, Lu S, Chen S, Jiang D, Shi H, et al. Epidemiology of ossification of the spinal ligaments and associated factors in the Chinese population: a cross-sectional study of 2000 consecutive individuals. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2019;20(1):253.","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskelet Disord"},{"issue":"1","key":"6174_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2024.09.023","volume":"25","author":"M Takahata","year":"2025","unstructured":"Takahata M, Koike Y, Endo T, Ikegawa S, Imagama S, Kato S, et al. Adipokine dysregulation as an underlying pathology for diffuse ectopic ossification of spinal posterior longitudinal ligament in patients with obesity. Spine J. 2025;25(1):80\u201390.","journal-title":"Spine J"},{"issue":"1","key":"6174_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1007\/s00774-019-01026-8","volume":"38","author":"T Endo","year":"2020","unstructured":"Endo T, Takahata M, Koike Y, Iwasaki N. Clinical characteristics of patients with thoracic myelopathy caused by ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament. J Bone Min Metab. 2020;38(1):63\u20139.","journal-title":"J Bone Min Metab"},{"key":"6174_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1120069","DOI":"10.3389\/fsurg.2023.1120069","volume":"10","author":"K Takahashi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Takahashi K, Hashimoto K, Onoki T, Kanno H, Ozawa H, Aizawa T. Anterior shift of the ventral dura mater: a novel concept of the posterior surgery for ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament in thoracic spine. Front Surg. 2023;10:1120069.","journal-title":"Front Surg"},{"issue":"5","key":"6174_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1371","DOI":"10.1080\/02688697.2020.1820942","volume":"37","author":"ZC Wang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wang ZC, Li SZ, Qu XF, Sun YL, Yin CQ, Wang YL, et al. Transdural circumferential decompression for thoracic spinal stenosis caused by beak-type ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament: a technical note. Br J Neurosurg. 2023;37(5):1371\u20134.","journal-title":"Br J Neurosurg"},{"issue":"6","key":"6174_CR8","first-page":"743","volume":"76","author":"M Tanaka","year":"2022","unstructured":"Tanaka M, Suthar H, Desai D, Yamauchi T, Arataki S, Fujiwara Y, et al. Posterolateral floating technique for the thoracic ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament with navigation: a technical note. Acta Med Okayama. 2022;76(6):743\u20138.","journal-title":"Acta Med Okayama"},{"key":"6174_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"897182","DOI":"10.3389\/fsurg.2022.897182","volume":"9","author":"X Li","year":"2022","unstructured":"Li X, Huang H, Zheng Z, Liu Y, Wei G, Chen X, et al. Clinical efficacy of endoscopic-assisted resection of single-segment ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament in the treatment of thoracic spinal stenosis. Front Surg. 2022;9:897182.","journal-title":"Front Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"6174_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jos.2021.01.001","volume":"27","author":"T Aizawa","year":"2022","unstructured":"Aizawa T, Hashimoto K, Kanno H, Handa K, Takahashi K, Onoki T, et al. Retrospective comparison of the surgical results for patients with thoracic myelopathy caused by ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament: posterior decompression with instrumented spinal fusion versus modified anterior decompression through a posterior approach. J Orthop Sci. 2022;27(2):323\u20139.","journal-title":"J Orthop Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"6174_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1111\/os.13182","volume":"14","author":"X Liu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Liu X, Zhai SH, Song QP, Wei F, Jiang L, Sun CG, et al. Long-term follow-up of multilevel thoracic ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament following circumferential decompression via posterior approach: a retrospective study. Orthop Surg. 2022;14(2):298\u2013305.","journal-title":"Orthop Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"6174_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.3171\/2021.4.SPINE213","volume":"36","author":"H Kanno","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kanno H, Aizawa T, Hashimoto K, Itoi E, Ozawa H. Anterior decompression through a posterior approach for thoracic myelopathy caused by ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament: a novel concept in anterior decompression and technical notes with the preliminary outcomes. J Neurosurg Spine. 2022;36(2):276\u201386.","journal-title":"J Neurosurg Spine"},{"key":"6174_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"454","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.10.053","volume":"145","author":"R Kanematsu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kanematsu R, Hanakita J, Takahashi T, Shimauchi-Ohtaki H, Miyasaka K, Minami M. Microsurgical resection of ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament in the thoracic spine via the transthoracic approach without spinal fusion: 2-dimensional operative video. World Neurosurg. 2021;145:454.","journal-title":"World Neurosurg"},{"issue":"4","key":"6174_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"520","DOI":"10.3171\/2024.10.SPINE24941","volume":"42","author":"JS Park","year":"2025","unstructured":"Park JS, Kim HJ, Park SJ, Kang DH, Lee CS. A novel posterior decompression technique (anterior sliding decompression osteotomy) for beak-type ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament in the thoracic spine. J Neurosurg Spine. 2025;42(4):520\u20135.","journal-title":"J Neurosurg Spine"},{"issue":"1","key":"6174_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.3340\/jkns.2018.0177","volume":"63","author":"SY Kim","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kim SY, Hyun SJ, Kim KJ, Jahng TA. Surgical outcomes according to dekyphosis in patients with ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament in the thoracic spine. J Korean Neurosurg Soc. 2020;63(1):89\u201398.","journal-title":"J Korean Neurosurg Soc"},{"issue":"3","key":"6174_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.22603\/ssrr.2017-0044","volume":"2","author":"S Hirabayashi","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hirabayashi S, Kitagawa T, Yamamoto I, Yamada K, Kawano H. Surgical treatment for ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL) at the thoracic spine: usefulness of the posterior approach. Spine Surg Relat Res. 2018;2(3):169\u201376.","journal-title":"Spine Surg Relat Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"6174_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"600","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jos.2021.03.010","volume":"27","author":"S Morishita","year":"2022","unstructured":"Morishita S, Yoshii T, Inose H, Hirai T, Yuasa M, Matsukura Y, et al. Comparison of perioperative complications in anterior decompression with fusion and posterior decompression with fusion for thoracic ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament -a retrospective cohort study using a nationwide inpatient database. J Orthop Sci. 2022;27(3):600\u20135.","journal-title":"J Orthop Sci"},{"issue":"7","key":"6174_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1803","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-015-4097-5","volume":"26","author":"N Xu","year":"2017","unstructured":"Xu N, Yu M, Liu X, Sun C, Chen Z, Liu Z. A systematic review of complications in thoracic spine surgery for ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament. Eur Spine J. 2017;26(7):1803\u20139.","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"issue":"17","key":"6174_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1600","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.23.01475","volume":"106","author":"S Ito","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ito S, Nakashima H, Segi N, Ouchida J, Oishi R, Yamauchi I, et al. Ten-year follow-up of posterior decompression and fusion surgery for thoracic ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2024;106(17):1600\u20139.","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"issue":"14","key":"6174_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1623","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-200107150-00025","volume":"26","author":"N Tsuzuki","year":"2001","unstructured":"Tsuzuki N, Hirabayashi S, Abe R, Saiki K. Staged spinal cord decompression through posterior approach for thoracic myelopathy caused by ossification of posterior longitudinal ligament. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2001;26(14):1623\u201330.","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"issue":"1","key":"6174_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102255362513389","DOI":"10.1177\/10225536251338903","volume":"33","author":"T Funayama","year":"2025","unstructured":"Funayama T, Koda M, Takahashi H, Noguchi H, Miura K, Gamada H, et al. Preventing neurological deterioration after ambulation in posterior decompression and fusion for thoracic ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament. J Orthop Surg (Hong Kong). 2025;33(1):10225536251338903.","journal-title":"J Orthop Surg (Hong Kong)"},{"issue":"8","key":"6174_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2288","DOI":"10.1177\/21925682231174194","volume":"14","author":"G Chen","year":"2024","unstructured":"Chen G, Fan T, Chen Z, Li W, Qi Q, Guo Z, et al. Factors affecting the surgical outcomes of patients treated with de-tension surgical strategy for multilevel ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament in the thoracic spine: a minimum 2-year follow-up study of 83 patients in a single center. Global Spine J. 2024;14(8):2288\u201397.","journal-title":"Global Spine J"},{"issue":"1","key":"6174_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-019-06047-5","volume":"29","author":"S Kato","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kato S, Murakami H, Demura S, Yoshioka K, Yokogawa N, Takaki S, et al. Indication for anterior spinal cord decompression via a posterolateral approach for the treatment of ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament in the thoracic spine: a prospective cohort study. Eur Spine J. 2020;29(1):113\u201321.","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"issue":"12","key":"6174_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2484","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2015.08.060","volume":"15","author":"P Hu","year":"2015","unstructured":"Hu P, Yu M, Liu X, Liu Z, Jiang L. A circumferential decompression-based surgical strategy for multilevel ossification of thoracic posterior longitudinal ligament. Spine J. 2015;15(12):2484\u201392.","journal-title":"Spine J"},{"key":"6174_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e501","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2018.04.078","volume":"115","author":"H Yang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Yang H, Sun J, Shi J, Yang Y, Guo Y, Zheng B, et al. In situ decompression to spinal cord during anterior controllable antedisplacement fusion treating degenerative kyphosis with stenosis: surgical outcomes and analysis of C5 nerve palsy based on 49 patients. World Neurosurg. 2018;115:e501\u20138.","journal-title":"World Neurosurg"},{"issue":"3","key":"6174_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1093\/ons\/opab193","volume":"21","author":"X Ma","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ma X, Wang B, Chen Y, Ge S, Zou X, Zhang S, et al. Outcome of thoracic column antedisplacement and fusion in treatment of thoracic myelopathy caused by ossification of posterior longitudinal ligament: a case series study. Oper Neurosurg (Hagerstown). 2021;21(3):118\u201325.","journal-title":"Oper Neurosurg (Hagerstown)"},{"key":"6174_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e639","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2024.04.022","volume":"186","author":"S Wang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wang S, Sun K, Xu X, Sun J, Wang Y, Shi JG. A novel de-tension-guided anterior decompression strategy-thoracic anterior controllable antedisplacement fusion (TACAF) for multilevel ossification of posterior longitudinal ligament in thoracic spine: a retrospective study with at least 2-year follow-up. World Neurosurg. 2024;186:e639\u201351.","journal-title":"World Neurosurg"},{"key":"6174_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e932","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2024.07.040","volume":"189","author":"G Chen","year":"2024","unstructured":"Chen G, Chen Z, Li W, Qi Q, Guo Z, Zhong W, et al. Posterior thoracic antidisplacement and fusion surgery for a special type of ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament in the thoracic spine: indications and preliminary clinical results of 2-year follow-up. World Neurosurg. 2024;189:e932\u201340.","journal-title":"World Neurosurg"},{"issue":"10","key":"6174_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10450","DOI":"10.21037\/apm-21-2323","volume":"10","author":"J Zhong","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zhong J, Wen B, Chen Z. Predicting cerebrospinal fluid leakage prior to posterior circumferential decompression for the ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament in the thoracic spine. Ann Palliat Med. 2021;10(10):10450\u20138.","journal-title":"Ann Palliat Med"},{"issue":"Suppl 3","key":"6174_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-017-5244-y","volume":"27","author":"Y Kawaguchi","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kawaguchi Y, Seki S, Yahara Y, Homma T, Kimura T. Sternum-splitting anterior approach following posterior decompression and fusion in patients with massive ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament in the upper thoracic spine: report of 2 cases and literature review. Eur Spine J. 2018;27(Suppl 3):335\u201341.","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"issue":"1","key":"6174_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e31815e3911","volume":"33","author":"N Kawahara","year":"2008","unstructured":"Kawahara N, Tomita K, Murakami H, Hato T, Demura S, Sekino Y, et al. Circumspinal decompression with dekyphosis stabilization for thoracic myelopathy due to ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2008;33(1):39\u201346.","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"issue":"23","key":"6174_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E1389","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0000000000002703","volume":"43","author":"S Imagama","year":"2018","unstructured":"Imagama S, Ando K, Takeuchi K, Kato S, Murakami H, Aizawa T, et al. Perioperative complications after surgery for thoracic ossification of posterior longitudinal ligament: a nationwide multicenter prospective study. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2018;43(23):E1389\u201397.","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"issue":"11","key":"6174_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1199","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e3181714515","volume":"33","author":"M Takahata","year":"2008","unstructured":"Takahata M, Ito M, Abumi K, Kotani Y, Sudo H, Minami A. Clinical results and complications of circumferential spinal cord decompression through a single posterior approach for thoracic myelopathy caused by ossification of posterior longitudinal ligament. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2008;33(11):1199\u2013208.","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"}],"container-title":["Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13018-025-06174-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s13018-025-06174-4\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13018-025-06174-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,9]],"date-time":"2025-09-09T11:57:41Z","timestamp":1757419061000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/josr-online.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s13018-025-06174-4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,12]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["6174"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13018-025-06174-4","relation":{},"ISSN":["1749-799X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1749-799X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"4 June 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"1 August 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"12 August 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Second Hospital of Shandong University (reference number: KYLL2024793) and was conducted in accordance with the provisions of the Declaration of Helsinki. Informed consent for participation in this work was obtained from all individual participants included in this study.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Informed consent to publish individual data was obtained from all participants included in this study.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"755"}}