{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T22:36:54Z","timestamp":1785883014079,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,8]],"date-time":"2025-10-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759881600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,8]],"date-time":"2025-10-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759881600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Orthop Surg Res"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s13018-025-06184-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,8]],"date-time":"2025-10-08T09:08:07Z","timestamp":1759914487000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Roles of TGF-\u03b2 in the therapeutic potential of hypoxic mesenchymal stem cells for treating osteoarthritis in a Rabbit model"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"En-Rung","family":"Chiang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kun-Hui","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hsuan-Hsiao","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jung-Pan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hsiao-Li","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,8]]},"reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"6184_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1890","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arthro.2021.03.016","volume":"37","author":"ER Chiang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Chiang ER, Chen KH, Ma HL. Editorial commentary: Tranexamic acid is beneficial in the very early postoperative period in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction patients. Arthroscopy. 2021;37(6):1890\u20131.","journal-title":"Arthroscopy"},{"issue":"9","key":"6184_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e508","DOI":"10.1016\/S2665-9913(23)00163-7","volume":"5","author":"GBDO Collaborators","year":"2023","unstructured":"Collaborators GBDO. Global, regional, and National burden of osteoarthritis, 1990\u20132020 and projections to 2050: a systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study 2021. Lancet Rheumatol. 2023;5(9):e508\u201322.","journal-title":"Lancet Rheumatol"},{"issue":"8","key":"6184_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1105","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2020-217363","volume":"79","author":"K Bacon","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bacon K, LaValley MP, Jafarzadeh SR, Felson D. Does cartilage loss cause pain in osteoarthritis and if so, how much? Ann Rheum Dis. 2020;79(8):1105\u201310.","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"issue":"6","key":"6184_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1302\/2058-5241.4.180102","volume":"4","author":"S Donell","year":"2019","unstructured":"Donell S. Subchondral bone remodelling in osteoarthritis. EFORT Open Rev. 2019;4(6):221\u20139.","journal-title":"EFORT Open Rev"},{"issue":"5","key":"6184_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1038\/s41584-022-00749-9","volume":"18","author":"E Sanchez-Lopez","year":"2022","unstructured":"Sanchez-Lopez E, Coras R, Torres A, Lane NE, Guma M. Synovial inflammation in osteoarthritis progression. Nat Rev Rheumatol. 2022;18(5):258\u201375.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Rheumatol"},{"issue":"2","key":"6184_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.2174\/1573397113666170829155149","volume":"14","author":"W Hermann","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hermann W, Lambova S, Muller-Ladner U. Current treatment options for osteoarthritis. Curr Rheumatol Rev. 2018;14(2):108\u201316.","journal-title":"Curr Rheumatol Rev"},{"key":"6184_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"854026","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2022.854026","volume":"14","author":"H Kong","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kong H, Wang XQ, Zhang XA. Exercise for osteoarthritis: A literature review of pathology and mechanism. Front Aging Neurosci. 2022;14:854026.","journal-title":"Front Aging Neurosci"},{"issue":"8","key":"6184_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1019","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2022.01.012","volume":"30","author":"H Madry","year":"2022","unstructured":"Madry H. Surgical therapy in osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2022;30(8):1019\u201334.","journal-title":"Osteoarthritis Cartilage"},{"issue":"2","key":"6184_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0149835","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0149835","volume":"11","author":"ER Chiang","year":"2016","unstructured":"Chiang ER, Ma HL, Wang JP, Liu CL, Chen TH, Hung SC. Allogeneic mesenchymal stem cells in combination with hyaluronic acid for the treatment of osteoarthritis in rabbits. PLoS ONE. 2016;11(2):e0149835.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"6184_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2019.00009","volume":"7","author":"P Mancuso","year":"2019","unstructured":"Mancuso P, Raman S, Glynn A, Barry F, Murphy JM. Mesenchymal stem cell therapy for osteoarthritis: the critical role of the cell secretome. Front Bioeng Biotechnol. 2019;7:9.","journal-title":"Front Bioeng Biotechnol"},{"issue":"3","key":"6184_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt.2816","volume":"32","author":"JA Ankrum","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ankrum JA, Ong JF, Karp JM. Mesenchymal stem cells: immune evasive, not immune privileged. Nat Biotechnol. 2014;32(3):252\u201360.","journal-title":"Nat Biotechnol"},{"issue":"4\u20135","key":"6184_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.3727\/096368914X678328","volume":"23","author":"CC Wei","year":"2014","unstructured":"Wei CC, Lin AB, Hung SC. Mesenchymal stem cells in regenerative medicine for musculoskeletal diseases: bench, bedside, and industry. Cell Transpl. 2014;23(4\u20135):505\u201312.","journal-title":"Cell Transpl"},{"issue":"8","key":"6184_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e6498","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0006498","volume":"4","author":"R Sarugaser","year":"2009","unstructured":"Sarugaser R, Hanoun L, Keating A, Stanford WL, Davies JE. Human mesenchymal stem cells self-renew and differentiate according to a deterministic hierarchy. PLoS ONE. 2009;4(8):e6498.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"6","key":"6184_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1440","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.24342","volume":"37","author":"ER Chiang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Chiang ER, Ma HL, Wang JP, Chang MC, Liu CL, Chen TH, et al. Use of allogeneic hypoxic mesenchymal stem cells for treating disc degeneration in rabbits. J Orthop Res. 2019;37(6):1440\u201350.","journal-title":"J Orthop Res"},{"issue":"1 Suppl","key":"6184_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S107","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2013.11.010","volume":"100","author":"P Rosset","year":"2014","unstructured":"Rosset P, Deschaseaux F, Layrolle P. Cell therapy for bone repair. Orthop Traumatol Surg Res. 2014;100(1 Suppl):S107\u201312.","journal-title":"Orthop Traumatol Surg Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"6184_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1754","DOI":"10.1021\/pr900898n","volume":"9","author":"MJ Lee","year":"2010","unstructured":"Lee MJ, Kim J, Kim MY, Bae YS, Ryu SH, Lee TG, et al. Proteomic analysis of tumor necrosis factor-alpha-induced secretome of human adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells. J Proteome Res. 2010;9(4):1754\u201362.","journal-title":"J Proteome Res"},{"key":"6184_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mallikarjuna P, Zhou Y, Landstrom M. The synergistic Cooperation between TGF-beta and hypoxia in cancer and fibrosis. Biomolecules. 2022;12(5).","DOI":"10.3390\/biom12050635"},{"issue":"10","key":"6184_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1869","DOI":"10.3727\/096368912X657954","volume":"22","author":"SP Hung","year":"2013","unstructured":"Hung SP, Yang MH, Tseng KF, Lee OK. Hypoxia-induced secretion of TGF-beta1 in mesenchymal stem cell promotes breast cancer cell progression. Cell Transpl. 2013;22(10):1869\u201382.","journal-title":"Cell Transpl"},{"issue":"2","key":"6184_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1016\/S1063-4584(05)80318-8","volume":"4","author":"M Yoshioka","year":"1996","unstructured":"Yoshioka M, Coutts RD, Amiel D, Hacker SA. Characterization of a model of osteoarthritis in the rabbit knee. Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 1996;4(2):87\u201398.","journal-title":"Osteoarthritis Cartilage"},{"issue":"11","key":"6184_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1001","DOI":"10.2217\/rme-2018-0125","volume":"14","author":"DR Kwon","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kwon DR, Gi-Young P, Lee SC. Regenerative effects of mesenchymal stem cells by dosage in a chronic rotator cuff tendon tear in a rabbit model. Regen Med. 2019;14(11):1001\u201312.","journal-title":"Regen Med"},{"issue":"34","key":"6184_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7183","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2005.05.020","volume":"26","author":"DB Shieh","year":"2005","unstructured":"Shieh DB, Cheng FY, Su CH, Yeh CS, Wu MT, Wu YN, et al. Aqueous dispersions of magnetite nanoparticles with NH3\u2009+\u2009surfaces for magnetic manipulations of biomolecules and MRI contrast agents. Biomaterials. 2005;26(34):7183\u201391.","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"issue":"1","key":"6184_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1186\/ar380","volume":"4","author":"D Eyre","year":"2002","unstructured":"Eyre D. Collagen of articular cartilage. Arthritis Res. 2002;4(1):30\u20135.","journal-title":"Arthritis Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"6184_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1016\/S1063-4584(05)80075-5","volume":"2","author":"A Frazer","year":"1994","unstructured":"Frazer A, Bunning RA, Thavarajah M, Seid JM, Russell RG. Studies on type II collagen and Aggrecan production in human articular chondrocytes in vitro and effects of transforming growth factor-beta and interleukin-1beta. Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 1994;2(4):235\u201345.","journal-title":"Osteoarthritis Cartilage"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"6184_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"ii78","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.61.suppl_2.ii78","volume":"61","author":"AR Poole","year":"2002","unstructured":"Poole AR, Kobayashi M, Yasuda T, Laverty S, Mwale F, Kojima T, et al. Type II collagen degradation and its regulation in articular cartilage in osteoarthritis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2002;61(Suppl 2):ii78\u201381.","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"6184_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.5650070116","volume":"7","author":"T Izumi","year":"1992","unstructured":"Izumi T, Scully SP, Heydemann A, Bolander ME. Transforming growth factor beta 1 stimulates type II collagen expression in cultured periosteum-derived cells. J Bone Min Res. 1992;7(1):115\u201321.","journal-title":"J Bone Min Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"6184_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5573","DOI":"10.3892\/mmr.2015.4068","volume":"12","author":"Y Zhu","year":"2015","unstructured":"Zhu Y, Tao H, Jin C, Liu Y, Lu X, Hu X, et al. Transforming growth factor-beta1 induces type II collagen and Aggrecan expression via activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1\/2 and Smad2\/3 signaling pathways. Mol Med Rep. 2015;12(4):5573\u20139.","journal-title":"Mol Med Rep"},{"key":"6184_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms241310824","volume":"24","author":"L Alcaide-Ruggiero","year":"2023","unstructured":"Alcaide-Ruggiero L, Cugat R, Dominguez JM. Proteoglycans in articular cartilage and their contribution to Chondral injury and repair mechanisms. Int J Mol Sci. 2023;24:13.","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"6184_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ranmuthu CKI, Ranmuthu CDS, Wijewardena CK, Seah MKT, Khan WS. Evaluating the effect of hypoxia on human adult mesenchymal stromal cell chondrogenesis in vitro: A systematic review. Int J Mol Sci. 2022;23(23).","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms232315210"},{"key":"6184_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hayes AJ, Melrose J. Aggrecan, the primary Weight-Bearing cartilage proteoglycan, has Context-Dependent, Cell-Directive properties in embryonic development and neurogenesis: Aggrecan glycan side chain modifications convey interactive biodiversity. Biomolecules. 2020;10(9).","DOI":"10.3390\/biom10091244"},{"issue":"5","key":"6184_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"470","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-022-04919-1","volume":"13","author":"RJ Krawetz","year":"2022","unstructured":"Krawetz RJ, Wu YE, Bertram KL, Shonak A, Masson AO, Ren G, et al. Synovial mesenchymal progenitor derived Aggrecan regulates cartilage homeostasis and endogenous repair capacity. Cell Death Dis. 2022;13(5):470.","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis"},{"key":"6184_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kuppa SS, Kim HK, Kang JY, Lee SC, Seon JK. Role of mesenchymal stem cells and their paracrine mediators in macrophage polarization: an approach to reduce inflammation in osteoarthritis. Int J Mol Sci. 2022;23(21).","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms232113016"},{"issue":"3","key":"6184_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3188","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.23225","volume":"9","author":"X Mingyuan","year":"2018","unstructured":"Mingyuan X, Qianqian P, Shengquan X, Chenyi Y, Rui L, Yichen S, et al. Hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha activates transforming growth factor-beta1\/Smad signaling and increases collagen deposition in dermal fibroblasts. Oncotarget. 2018;9(3):3188\u201397.","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"issue":"4","key":"6184_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1159\/000449323","volume":"44","author":"N Kushida","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kushida N, Nomura S, Mimura I, Fujita T, Yamamoto S, Nangaku M, et al. Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1alpha activates the transforming growth Factor-beta\/SMAD3 pathway in kidney tubular epithelial cells. Am J Nephrol. 2016;44(4):276\u201385.","journal-title":"Am J Nephrol"},{"issue":"1","key":"6184_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.1186\/s13046-021-02188-y","volume":"40","author":"Y Huang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Huang Y, Chen Z, Lu T, Bi G, Li M, Liang J, et al. HIF-1\u03b1 switches the functionality of TGF-\u03b2 signaling via changing the partners of Smads to drive glucose metabolic reprogramming in non-small cell lung cancer. J Experimental Clin Cancer Res. 2021;40(1):398.","journal-title":"J Experimental Clin Cancer Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"6184_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-023-01570-w","volume":"8","author":"X Chen","year":"2023","unstructured":"Chen X, Shi C, He M, Xiong S, Xia X. Endoplasmic reticulum stress: molecular mechanism and therapeutic targets. Signal Transduct Target Therapy. 2023;8(1):352.","journal-title":"Signal Transduct Target Therapy"},{"issue":"1","key":"6184_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1186\/s13046-021-01960-4","volume":"40","author":"C-H Chang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Chang C-H, Pauklin S. ROS and TGF\u03b2: from pancreatic tumour growth to metastasis. J Experimental Clin Cancer Res. 2021;40(1):152.","journal-title":"J Experimental Clin Cancer Res"},{"key":"6184_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Thielen NGM, van der Kraan PM, van Caam APM. TGFbeta\/BMP signaling pathway in cartilage homeostasis. Cells. 2019;8(9).","DOI":"10.3390\/cells8090969"},{"key":"6184_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Thielen N, Neefjes M, Wiegertjes R, van den Akker G, Vitters E, van Beuningen H et al. Osteoarthritis-Related Inflammation Blocks TGF-beta\u2019s Protective Effect on Chondrocyte Hypertrophy via (de)Phosphorylation of the SMAD2\/3 Linker Region. Int J Mol Sci. 2021;22(15).","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22158124"},{"key":"6184_CR39","first-page":"100030","volume":"4","author":"Z Wu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wu Z, Korntner SH, Mullen AM, Zeugolis DI. Collagen type II: from biosynthesis to advanced biomaterials for cartilage engineering. Biomater Biosyst. 2021;4:100030.","journal-title":"Biomater Biosyst"},{"issue":"2","key":"6184_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.139.2.541","volume":"139","author":"R Serra","year":"1997","unstructured":"Serra R, Johnson M, Filvaroff EH, LaBorde J, Sheehan DM, Derynck R, et al. Expression of a truncated, kinase-defective TGF-beta type II receptor in mouse skeletal tissue promotes terminal chondrocyte differentiation and osteoarthritis. J Cell Biol. 1997;139(2):541\u201352.","journal-title":"J Cell Biol"},{"key":"6184_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2474-15-309","volume":"15","author":"Y He","year":"2014","unstructured":"He Y, Siebuhr AS, Brandt-Hansen NU, Wang J, Su D, Zheng Q, et al. Type X collagen levels are elevated in serum from human osteoarthritis patients and associated with biomarkers of cartilage degradation and inflammation. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2014;15:309.","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskelet Disord"},{"issue":"6","key":"6184_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1007\/s00223-014-9917-9","volume":"95","author":"B Xia","year":"2014","unstructured":"Xia B, Di C, Zhang J, Hu S, Jin H, Tong P. Osteoarthritis pathogenesis: a review of molecular mechanisms. Calcif Tissue Int. 2014;95(6):495\u2013505.","journal-title":"Calcif Tissue Int"},{"issue":"2","key":"6184_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.15171\/apb.2015.021","volume":"5","author":"M Ejtehadifar","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ejtehadifar M, Shamsasenjan K, Movassaghpour A, Akbarzadehlaleh P, Dehdilani N, Abbasi P, et al. The effect of hypoxia on mesenchymal stem cell biology. Adv Pharm Bull. 2015;5(2):141\u20139.","journal-title":"Adv Pharm Bull"},{"issue":"5","key":"6184_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"966","DOI":"10.1089\/ten.teb.2021.0145","volume":"28","author":"Y Yang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Yang Y, Lee EH, Yang Z. Hypoxia-Conditioned mesenchymal stem cells in tissue regeneration application. Tissue Eng Part B Rev. 2022;28(5):966\u201377.","journal-title":"Tissue Eng Part B Rev"},{"issue":"6","key":"6184_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"488","DOI":"10.1186\/s13075-014-0488-y","volume":"16","author":"Y Kawanishi","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kawanishi Y, Nakasa T, Shoji T, Hamanishi M, Shimizu R, Kamei N, et al. Intra-articular injection of synthetic microRNA-210 accelerates avascular meniscal healing in rat medial meniscal injured model. Arthritis Res Ther. 2014;16(6):488.","journal-title":"Arthritis Res Ther"},{"issue":"1","key":"6184_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"514","DOI":"10.1186\/s13287-022-03193-4","volume":"13","author":"J Sun","year":"2022","unstructured":"Sun J, Xing F, Zou M, Gong M, Li L, Xiang Z, Correction. Comparison of chondrogenesis-related biological behaviors between human urine-derived stem cells and human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells from the same individual. Stem Cell Res Ther. 2022;13(1):514.","journal-title":"Stem Cell Res Ther"},{"key":"6184_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Romano IR, D\u2019Angeli F, Vicario N, Russo C, Genovese C, Lo Furno D et al. Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells: A Tool for Bone and Cartilage Repair. Biomedicines. 2023;11(7).","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines11071781"}],"container-title":["Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13018-025-06184-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s13018-025-06184-2\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13018-025-06184-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,8]],"date-time":"2025-10-08T09:08:13Z","timestamp":1759914493000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/josr-online.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s13018-025-06184-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,8]]},"references-count":47,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["6184"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13018-025-06184-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["1749-799X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1749-799X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"27 February 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"4 August 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"8 October 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"880"}}