{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,22]],"date-time":"2026-08-22T11:24:09Z","timestamp":1787397849866,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":84,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,22]],"date-time":"2026-08-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787356800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,22]],"date-time":"2026-08-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787356800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100017590","name":"Universit\u00e4tsklinikum Essen","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100017590","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Orthop Surg Res"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) continues to be a severe complication following total joint arthroplasty (TJA). Identifying the causative pathogens and their antibiotic resistance profiles is essential for the effective eradication.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this retrospective study, 825 antibiograms and demographic data of patients with confirmed PJIs from 2005 to 2021 were evaluated. The resistance profile evaluation focused on the antibiotics ampicillin\/sulbactam, clindamycin, gentamicin, vancomycin, ciprofloxacin and rifampicin.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Methicillin-sensitive\n                      <jats:italic>staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                      (MSSA) was the most prevalent pathogen (20.8%) followed by methicillin-resistant\n                      <jats:italic>staphylococcus epidermidis<\/jats:italic>\n                      (MRSE, 16.1%) and methicillin-sensitive\n                      <jats:italic>staphylococcus epidermidis<\/jats:italic>\n                      (MSSE, 10.8%). Polymicrobial (PM) PJI (15.9%) was also high with MSSA (21.2%) as the most frequent pathogen followed by gram-negative (GN) pathogens (20.2%) and MRSE (18.3%). The overall resistance rate against ampicillin\/sulbactam and clindamycin was 42.3% and 40%, respectively. Vancomycin showed low resistance rates of nearly 1% with higher rates in\n                      <jats:italic>enterococci<\/jats:italic>\n                      (4%). MSSA and MRSA exhibit high sensitivity rates against gentamicin (97.4% and 89.5%). Gentamicin resistance was high in\n                      <jats:italic>staphylococcus epidermidis<\/jats:italic>\n                      (43%) and particularly in MRSE (64.6%). Ciprofloxacin resistance was especially high among MRSA (81.3%) and MRSE (84.0%) isolates, whereas sensitivity was most common in GN (78.5%) and MSSE (85.0%) groups.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study reveals high rates of MRSE, SE and GN pathogens causing PJI. GN and MRSE rates were also increased in PM PJI. The high overall resistance rates against ampicillin\/sulbactam raise doubts as first line empiric oral antibiotic in PJI. The nearly 20% ciprofloxacin resistant GN pathogens should be alarming due to limited choice of biofilm-penetrating antibiotics in GN PJI.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13018-026-07165-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,22]],"date-time":"2026-08-22T10:35:06Z","timestamp":1787394906000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Decoding resistance: a comprehensive study on pathogens and antibiotic efficacy in periprosthetic joint infections"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Niklas","family":"Hahn","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcus","family":"J\u00e4ger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander","family":"Wegner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tobias Ludger","family":"Schulte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andr\u00e9","family":"Busch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"7165_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.3238\/arztebl.2017.0347","volume":"114","author":"C Otto-Lambertz","year":"2017","unstructured":"Otto-Lambertz C, Yagdiran A, Wallscheid F, Eysel P, Jung N. Periprosthetic infection in joint replacement. Dtsch Arztebl Int. 2017;114:347\u201353. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3238\/arztebl.2017.0347.","journal-title":"Dtsch Arztebl Int"},{"key":"7165_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Grimberg A, Jansson V, L\u00fctzner J, Melsheimer O, Morlock M, Steinbr\u00fcck A. Endoprothesenregister Deutschland (EPRD): Jahresbericht 2020, EPRD Deutsche Endoprothesenregister gGmbH, Berlin. 2020. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.36186\/reporteprd022020","DOI":"10.36186\/reporteprd022020"},{"key":"7165_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arth.2012.02.022","volume":"27","author":"SM Kurtz","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kurtz SM, Lau E, Watson H, Schmier JK, Parvizi J. Economic burden of periprosthetic joint infection in the United States. J Arthroplasty. 2012;27:61-65.e61. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.arth.2012.02.022.","journal-title":"J Arthroplasty"},{"key":"7165_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1007\/s11999-009-0945-0","volume":"468","author":"KJ Bozic","year":"2010","unstructured":"Bozic KJ, Kurtz SM, Lau E, Ong K, Chiu V, Vail TP, et al. The epidemiology of revision total knee arthroplasty in the United States. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2010;468:45\u201351. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11999-009-0945-0.","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"key":"7165_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1713","DOI":"10.1002\/art.24060","volume":"59","author":"T Bongartz","year":"2008","unstructured":"Bongartz T, Halligan CS, Osmon DR, Reinalda MS, Bamlet WR, Crowson CS, et al. Incidence and risk factors of prosthetic joint infection after total hip or knee replacement in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 2008;59:1713\u201320. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/art.24060.","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"7165_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.3109\/17453674.2014.966290","volume":"86","author":"HO Gbejuade","year":"2015","unstructured":"Gbejuade HO, Lovering AM, Webb JC. The role of microbial biofilms in prosthetic joint infections. Acta Orthop. 2015;86:147\u201358. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3109\/17453674.2014.966290.","journal-title":"Acta Orthop"},{"key":"7165_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1397","DOI":"10.1007\/s11999-008-0230-7","volume":"466","author":"CE Marculescu","year":"2008","unstructured":"Marculescu CE, Cantey JR. Polymicrobial prosthetic joint infections: risk factors and outcome. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2008;466:1397\u2013404. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11999-008-0230-7.","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"key":"7165_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1128\/cmr.00111-13","volume":"27","author":"AJ Tande","year":"2014","unstructured":"Tande AJ, Patel R. Prosthetic joint infection. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2014;27:302\u201345. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/cmr.00111-13.","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"7165_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2309499019847768","volume":"27","author":"Y Tsai","year":"2019","unstructured":"Tsai Y, Chang CH, Lin YC, Lee SH, Hsieh PH, Chang Y. Different microbiological profiles between hip and knee prosthetic joint infections. J Orthop Surg (Hong Kong). 2019;27:2309499019847768. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/2309499019847768.","journal-title":"J Orthop Surg (Hong Kong)"},{"issue":"9","key":"7165_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"818","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics13090818.PMID:39334991;PMCID:PMC11428212","volume":"13","author":"JW Kwong","year":"2024","unstructured":"Kwong JW, Abramowicz M, K\u00fchn KD, Foelsch C, Hansen EN. High and low dosage of vancomycin in polymethylmethacrylate cements: efficacy and mechanical properties. Antibiotics (Basel). 2024;13(9):818. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/antibiotics13090818.PMID:39334991;PMCID:PMC11428212.","journal-title":"Antibiotics (Basel)"},{"key":"7165_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"482","DOI":"10.1302\/2058-5241.4.180092","volume":"4","author":"P Izakovicova","year":"2019","unstructured":"Izakovicova P, Borens O, Trampuz A. Periprosthetic joint infection: current concepts and outlook. EFORT Open Rev. 2019;4:482\u201394. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1302\/2058-5241.4.180092.","journal-title":"EFORT Open Rev"},{"issue":"9","key":"7165_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1244","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics11091244.PMID:36140023;PMCID:PMC9495258","volume":"11","author":"FS Fr\u00f6schen","year":"2022","unstructured":"Fr\u00f6schen FS, Randau TM, Franz A, Molitor E, Hoerauf A, Hischebeth GTR. Microbiological trends and antibiotic susceptibility patterns in patients with periprosthetic joint infection of the hip or knee over 6 years. Antibiotics (Basel). 2022;11(9):1244. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/antibiotics11091244.PMID:36140023;PMCID:PMC9495258.","journal-title":"Antibiotics (Basel)"},{"key":"7165_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1097\/BLO.0b013e3181123d4e","volume":"461","author":"CD Salgado","year":"2007","unstructured":"Salgado CD, Dash S, Cantey JR, et al. Higher risk of failure of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus prosthetic joint infections. Clin Orthop Relat R. 2007;461:48\u201353.","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat R"},{"issue":"8","key":"7165_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1093\/jtm\/taz036-2019","volume":"26","author":"I Van Frost","year":"2019","unstructured":"Frost I, Van Boeckel TP, Pires J, Craig J, Laxminarayan R. Global geographic trends in antimicrobial resistance: the role of international travel. J Travel Med. 2019;26(8):36. . https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jtm\/taz036-2019","journal-title":"J Travel Med"},{"key":"7165_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S228","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arth.2018.03.038","volume":"33","author":"J George","year":"2018","unstructured":"George J, Miller EM, Curtis GL, Klika AK, Barsoum WK, Mont MA, et al. Success of two-stage reimplantation in patients requiring an interim spacer exchange. J Arthroplasty. 2018;33:S228-s232. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.arth.2018.03.038.","journal-title":"J Arthroplasty"},{"key":"7165_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/03000605211002784","volume":"49","author":"L Hu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hu L, Fu J, Zhou Y, Chai W, Zhang G, Hao L, et al. Trends in microbiological profiles and antibiotic resistance in periprosthetic joint infections. J Int Med Res. 2021;49:03000605211002784. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/03000605211002784.","journal-title":"J Int Med Res"},{"issue":"6S","key":"7165_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S306","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arth.2021.11.017","volume":"37","author":"S Stevoska","year":"2022","unstructured":"Stevoska S, Himmelbauer F, Stiftinger J, Stadler C, Gotterbarm T, Heyse TJ, et al. Significant difference in antimicrobial resistance of coagulase negative periprosthetic joint infection in septic revision total knee arthroplasty between two major orthopedic centers. J Arthroplasty. 2022;37(6S):S306\u201312. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.arth.2021.11.017.","journal-title":"J Arthroplasty"},{"issue":"6 Suppl","key":"7165_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arth.2010.04.011","volume":"25","author":"J Parvizi","year":"2010","unstructured":"Parvizi J, Pawasarat IM, Azzam KA, Joshi A, Hansen EN, Bozic KJ. Periprosthetic joint infection: the economic impact of methicillin-resistant infections. J Arthroplasty. 2010;25(6 Suppl):103\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.arth.2010.04.011.","journal-title":"J Arthroplasty"},{"key":"7165_CR19","unstructured":"Robert Koch-Institut. Epidemiologisches Bulletin. 2019. Retrieved 07.02.2023. https:\/\/www.rki.de\/DE\/Content\/Infekt\/EpidBull\/Archiv\/2019\/Ausgaben\/42_19.pdf?__blob=publicationFile"},{"key":"7165_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.23656","volume":"36","author":"B Li","year":"2018","unstructured":"Li B, Webster TJ. Bacteria antibiotic resistance: new challenges and opportunities for implant-associated orthopedic infections. J Orthop Res. 2018;36:22\u201332. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jor.23656.","journal-title":"J Orthop Res"},{"key":"7165_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arth.2010.04.011","volume":"25","author":"J Parvizi","year":"2010","unstructured":"Parvizi J, Pawasarat IM, Azzam KA, Joshi A, Hansen EN, Bozic KJ. Periprosthetic joint infection: the economic impact of methicillin-resistant infections. J Arthroplasty. 2010;25:103\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.arth.2010.04.011.","journal-title":"J Arthroplasty"},{"issue":"5","key":"7165_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"877","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arth.2013.09.053","volume":"29","author":"BT Bjerke-Kroll","year":"2014","unstructured":"Bjerke-Kroll BT, Christ AB, McLawhorn AS, Sculco PK, Jules-Elys\u00e9e KM, Sculco TP. Periprosthetic joint infections treated with two-stage revision over 14 years: an evolving microbiology profile. J Arthroplasty. 2014;29(5):877\u201382. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.arth.2013.09.053.","journal-title":"J Arthroplasty"},{"issue":"5","key":"7165_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics13050399.PMID:38786128;PMCID:PMC11117340","volume":"13","author":"V Suardi","year":"2024","unstructured":"Suardi V, Baroni D, Shahein AHA, Morena V, Logoluso N, Mangiavini L, et al. Microbiology of prosthetic joint infections: a retrospective study of an Italian orthopaedic hospital. Antibiotics (Basel). 2024;13(5):399. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/antibiotics13050399.PMID:38786128;PMCID:PMC11117340.","journal-title":"Antibiotics (Basel)"},{"issue":"2","key":"7165_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2018.08.012","volume":"93","author":"GT Hischebeth","year":"2019","unstructured":"Hischebeth GT, Randau TM, Ploeger MM, Friedrich MJ, Kaup E, Jacobs C, et al. Staphylococcus aureus versus Staphylococcus epidermidis in periprosthetic joint infection-outcome analysis of methicillin-resistant versus methicillin-susceptible strains. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis. 2019;93(2):125\u201330. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2018.08.012.","journal-title":"Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"key":"7165_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-019-4691-y","author":"N Renz","year":"2019","unstructured":"Renz N, Trebse R, Akg\u00fcn D, Perka C, Trampuz A. Enterococcal periprosthetic joint infection: clinical and microbiological findings from an 8-year retrospective cohort study. BMC Infect Dis. 2019. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12879-019-4691-y.","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"7165_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"933","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arth.2016.09.017","volume":"32","author":"MM Kheir","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kheir MM, Tan TL, Higuera C, George J, Della Valle CJ, Shen M, et al. Periprosthetic joint infections caused by enterococci have poor outcomes. J Arthroplasty. 2016;32:933\u201347. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.arth.2016.09.017.","journal-title":"J Arthroplasty"},{"key":"7165_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1219","DOI":"10.1111\/1469-0691.12721","volume":"20","author":"E Tornero","year":"2014","unstructured":"Tornero E, Senneville E, Euba G, Petersdorf S, Rodriguez-Pardo D, Lakatos B, et al. Characteristics of prosthetic joint infections due to Enterococcus sp. and predictors of failure: a multi-national study. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2014;20:1219\u201324. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1469-0691.12721.","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"},{"issue":"25","key":"7165_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.artd.2023.101313","volume":"11","author":"H Wellauer","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wellauer H, Bansal-Zweifel V, Benninger E, Wahl P. Successful implant retention in a chronified hematogenous bilateral periprosthetic hip joint infection with enterococcus faecalis. Arthroplast Today. 2024;11(25):101313. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.artd.2023.101313.","journal-title":"Arthroplast Today"},{"issue":"10","key":"7165_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4305","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00444-09","volume":"53","author":"G Euba","year":"2009","unstructured":"Euba G, Lora-Tamayo J, Murillo O, Pedrero S, Cabo J, Verdaguer R, et al. Pilot study of ampicillin-ceftriaxone combination for treatment of orthopedic infections due to Enterococcus faecalis. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2009;53(10):4305\u201310. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/AAC.00444-09.","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"7165_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2016-015365","volume":"7","author":"B Guti\u00e9rrez-Guti\u00e9rrez","year":"2017","unstructured":"Guti\u00e9rrez-Guti\u00e9rrez B, Sojo-Dorado J, Bravo-Ferrer J, Cuperus N, De Kraker M, Kostyanev T, et al. European prospective cohort study on Enterobacteriaceae showing resistance to carbapenems (EURECA): a protocol of a European multicentre observational study. BMJ Open. 2017;7:e015365. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2016-015365.","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"7165_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"845","DOI":"10.1086\/368182","volume":"36","author":"AM Meehan","year":"2003","unstructured":"Meehan AM, Osmon DR, Duffy MC, Hanssen AD, Keating MR. Outcome of penicillin susceptible streptococcal prosthetic joint infection treated with debridement and retention of the prosthesis. Clin Infect Dis. 2003;36:845\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1086\/368182.","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"7165_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbspin.2008.11.010","volume":"76","author":"V Zeller","year":"2009","unstructured":"Zeller V, Lavigne M, Biau D, Leclerc P, Ziza JM, Mamoudy P, et al. Outcome of group B streptococcal prosthetic hip infections compared to that of other bacterial infections. Jt Bone Spine. 2009;76:491\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jbspin.2008.11.010.","journal-title":"Jt Bone Spine"},{"issue":"1","key":"7165_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"568","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-016-1889-0","volume":"16","author":"E El Fiaux","year":"2016","unstructured":"Fiaux E, Titecat M, Robineau O, Lora-Tamayo J, El Samad Y, Etienne M, Frebourg N, Blondiaux N, Brunschweiler B, Dujardin F, Beltrand E, Loiez C, Cattoir V, Canarelli JP, Hulet C, Valette M, Nguyen S, Caron F, Migaud H, Senneville E. G4 bone and joint infection study group (G4BJIS). Outcome of patients with streptococcal prosthetic joint infections with special reference to rifampicin combinations. BMC Infect Dis. 2016;16(1):568. . https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12879-016-1889-0","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"issue":"9","key":"7165_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.69460","volume":"16","author":"A Iqbal","year":"2024","unstructured":"Iqbal A, Javaid MA, Sohail M, Khan F. A literature review of Cutibacterium acnes: from skin commensal to pathogen in shoulder surgery. Cureus. 2024;16(9):e69460. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.69460.","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"7165_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-017-1555-8","volume":"18","author":"L Johansson","year":"2017","unstructured":"Johansson L, Hailer NP, Rahme H. High incidence of periprosthetic joint infection with propionibacterium acnes after the use of a stemless shoulder prosthesis with metaphyseal screw fixation\u2014a retrospective cohort study of 241 patients. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2017;18:203. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12891-017-1555-8.","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskelet Disord"},{"key":"7165_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"846","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2015.09.033","volume":"25","author":"CK Koh","year":"2016","unstructured":"Koh CK, Marsh JP, Drinkovi\u0107 D, Walker CG, Poon PC. Propionibacterium acnes in primary shoulder arthroplasty: rates of colonization, patient risk factors, and efficacy of perioperative prophylaxis. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2016;25:846\u201352. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jse.2015.09.033.","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elbow Surg"},{"key":"7165_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"957","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.N.00784","volume":"97","author":"WR Mook","year":"2015","unstructured":"Mook WR, Klement MR, Green CL, Hazen KC, Garrigues GE. The incidence of Propionibacterium acnes in open shoulder surgery: a controlled diagnostic study. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2015;97:957\u201363. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2106\/JBJS.N.00784.","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"7165_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"580","DOI":"10.1080\/17453674.2018.1489095","volume":"89","author":"A Both","year":"2018","unstructured":"Both A, Klatte TO, L\u00fcbke A, B\u00fcttner H, Hartel MJ, Grossterlinden LG, et al. Growth of Cutibacterium acnes is common on osteosynthesis material of the shoulder in patients without signs of infection. Acta Orthop. 2018;89:580\u20134. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/17453674.2018.1489095.","journal-title":"Acta Orthop"},{"key":"7165_CR39","first-page":"3","volume":"78","author":"MJ Elston","year":"2019","unstructured":"Elston MJ, Dupaix JP, Opanova MI, Atkinson RE. Cutibacterium acnes (formerly Proprionibacterium acnes) and shoulder surgery. Hawaii J Health Soc Welf. 2019;78:3\u20135.","journal-title":"Hawaii J Health Soc Welf"},{"issue":"5","key":"7165_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1101","DOI":"10.1007\/s00264-025-06500-9","volume":"49","author":"R \u015eahin","year":"2025","unstructured":"\u015eahin R, Luo TD, Campofreda G, K\u0131vrak M, Gehrke T, Citak M. Cutibacterium infections after total hip arthroplasty: does surgical approach play a role? Int Orthop. 2025;49(5):1101\u20136. . https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00264-025-06500-9","journal-title":"Int Orthop"},{"issue":"7","key":"7165_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.1016\/j.medine.2022.05.004","volume":"46","author":"JA Lepe","year":"2022","unstructured":"Lepe JA, Mart\u00ednez-Mart\u00ednez L. Resistance mechanisms in Gram-negative bacteria. Med Intensiva (Engl Ed). 2022;46(7):392\u2013402. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.medine.2022.05.004.","journal-title":"Med Intensiva (Engl Ed)"},{"issue":"7","key":"7165_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics11070943","volume":"11","author":"RA Corrigan","year":"2022","unstructured":"Corrigan RA, Sliepen J, Dudareva M, IJpma FFA, Govaert G, Atkins BL, et al. Causative pathogens do not differ between early, delayed or late fracture-related infections. Antibiotics (Basel). 2022;11(7):943. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/antibiotics11070943.","journal-title":"Antibiotics (Basel)"},{"issue":"12","key":"7165_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5053","DOI":"10.1007\/s00402-023-05104-5","volume":"144","author":"D Karczewski","year":"2024","unstructured":"Karczewski D, Scholz J, Hipfl C, Akg\u00fcn D, Gonzalez MR, Hardt S. Gram negative periprosthetic hip infection: nearly 25% same pathogen infection persistence at a mean of 2 years. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg. 2024;144(12):5053\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00402-023-05104-5.","journal-title":"Arch Orthop Trauma Surg"},{"key":"7165_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-200210000-00003","volume":"403","author":"EJ McPherson","year":"2002","unstructured":"McPherson EJ, Woodson C, Holtom P, Roidis N, Shufelt C, Patzakis M. Periprosthetic total hip infection: outcomes using a staging system. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2002;403:8\u201315.","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"7165_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.5194\/jbji-8-51-2023","volume":"8","author":"L Perez Alamino","year":"2023","unstructured":"Perez Alamino L, Garabano G, Rodriguez JA, Cullari M, Del Sel H, Pesciallo CA. Effectiveness of two-stage revision with commercial polymethylmethacrylate articulated hip spacer: similar outcomes against monomicrobial and polymicrobial hip periprosthetic joint infections. J Bone Jt Infect. 2023;8(1):51\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5194\/jbji-8-51-2023.","journal-title":"J Bone Jt Infect"},{"issue":"4","key":"7165_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.5194\/jbji-7-177-2022","volume":"7","author":"RA McCulloch","year":"2022","unstructured":"McCulloch RA, Adlan A, Jenkins N, Parry M, Stevenson JD, Jeys L. A comparison of the microbiology profile for periprosthetic joint infection of knee arthroplasty and lower-limb endoprostheses in tumour surgery. J Bone Jt Infect. 2022;7(4):177\u201382. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5194\/jbji-7-177-2022.","journal-title":"J Bone Jt Infect"},{"issue":"6","key":"7165_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1397","DOI":"10.1007\/s11999-008-0230-7","volume":"466","author":"CE Marculescu","year":"2008","unstructured":"Marculescu CE, Cantey JR. Polymicrobial prosthetic joint infections: risk factors and outcome. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2008;466(6):1397\u2013404. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11999-008-0230-7.","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"key":"7165_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1488","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arth.2022.01.061","volume":"37","author":"GS Goh","year":"2022","unstructured":"Goh GS, Parvizi J. Diagnosis and treatment of culture-negative periprosthetic joint infection. J Arthroplasty. 2022;37:1488\u201393.","journal-title":"J Arthroplasty"},{"issue":"3","key":"7165_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.5792\/ksrr.16.034","volume":"29","author":"HK Yoon","year":"2017","unstructured":"Yoon HK, Cho SH, Lee DY, Kang BH, Lee SH, Moon DG, et al. A review of the literature on culture-negative periprosthetic joint infection: epidemiology, diagnosis and treatment. Knee Surg Relat Res. 2017;29(3):155\u201364. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5792\/ksrr.16.034.","journal-title":"Knee Surg Relat Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"7165_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1177\/8755122517747088","volume":"34","author":"H Woldu","year":"2018","unstructured":"Woldu H, Guglielmo BJ. Incidence and risk factors for vancomycin nephrotoxicity in acutely ill pediatric patients. J Pharm Technol. 2018;34(1):9\u201316. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/8755122517747088.","journal-title":"J Pharm Technol"},{"key":"7165_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2039","DOI":"10.1007\/s11999-010-1338-0","volume":"468","author":"D Malekzadeh","year":"2010","unstructured":"Malekzadeh D, Osmon DR, Lahr BD, Hanssen AD, Berbari EF. Prior use of antimicrobial therapy is a risk factor for culture-negative prosthetic joint infection. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2010;468:2039\u201345. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11999-010-1338-0.","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"7165_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arth.2023.06.036","volume":"39","author":"S Stevoska","year":"2024","unstructured":"Stevoska S, Behm-Ferstl V, Zott S, Stadler C, Gotterbarm T, Klasan A. Second-line antibiotic agents in patient-reported penicillin or cephalosporin allergy have no negative impact on antibiotic resistance after hip and knee arthroplasty. J Arthroplasty. 2024;39(1):242-249.e2. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.arth.2023.06.036.","journal-title":"J Arthroplasty"},{"issue":"1","key":"7165_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-017-2429-2","volume":"17","author":"B Leijtens","year":"2017","unstructured":"Leijtens B, Elbers JBW, Sturm PD, Kullberg BJ, Schreurs BW. Clindamycin-rifampin combination therapy for staphylococcal periprosthetic joint infections: a retrospective observational study. BMC Infect Dis. 2017;17(1):321. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12879-017-2429-2.","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"7165_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1302\/2633-1462.31.BJO-2021-0051.R1","volume":"3","author":"DB Buchalter","year":"2022","unstructured":"Buchalter DB, Nduaguba A, Teo GM, Kugelman D, Aggarwal VK, Long WJ. Cefazolin remains the linchpin for preventing acute periprosthetic joint infection following primary total knee arthroplasty. Bone Jt Open. 2022;3(1):35\u201341. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1302\/2633-1462.31.BJO-2021-0051.R1.","journal-title":"Bone Jt Open"},{"key":"7165_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00402-025-05780-5","volume":"145","author":"N Graif","year":"2025","unstructured":"Graif N, Amzallag N, Kadar A, et al. Increased rates of periprosthetic joint infection following hip hemiarthroplasty with clindamycin prophylaxis compared to cefazolin. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg. 2025;145:164. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00402-025-05780-5.","journal-title":"Arch Orthop Trauma Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"7165_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.5312\/wjo.v13.i2.150","volume":"13","author":"D Crego-Vita","year":"2022","unstructured":"Crego-Vita D, Aedo-Mart\u00edn D, Garcia-Ca\u00f1as R, Espigares-Correa A, S\u00e1nchez-P\u00e9rez C, Berberich CE. Periprosthetic joint infections in femoral neck fracture patients treated with hemiarthroplasty - should we use antibiotic-loaded bone cement? World J Orthop. 2022;13(2):150\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5312\/wjo.v13.i2.150.","journal-title":"World J Orthop"},{"key":"7165_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2025.1555276","volume":"16","author":"J Cheng","year":"2025","unstructured":"Cheng J, Wang D, Chen Y, Zhao Q, Ou Q, Zhang L, et al. High vs. low vancomycin therapeutic concentrations in periprosthetic joint infection: a retrospective cohort analysis. Front Pharmacol. 2025;16:1555276. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fphar.2025.1555276.","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"issue":"3","key":"7165_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.5792\/ksrr.16.034","volume":"29","author":"H Yoon","year":"2017","unstructured":"Yoon H, Cho S, Lee D, Kang B, Lee S, Moon D, et al. A review of the literature on culture-negative periprosthetic joint infection: epidemiology, diagnosis and treatment. Knee Surg Relat Res. 2017;29(3):155\u201364. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5792\/ksrr.16.034.","journal-title":"Knee Surg Relat Res"},{"issue":"11","key":"7165_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics12111567","volume":"12","author":"M Humez","year":"2023","unstructured":"Humez M, Domann E, Thormann KM, F\u00f6lsch C, Strathausen R, Vogt S, et al. Daptomycin-impregnated PMMA cement against vancomycin-resistant germs: dosage, handling, elution, mechanical stability, and effectiveness. Antibiotics (Basel). 2023;12(11):1567. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/antibiotics12111567.","journal-title":"Antibiotics (Basel)"},{"issue":"8","key":"7165_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1617","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arth.2014.03.029","volume":"29","author":"PS Corona","year":"2014","unstructured":"Corona PS, Espinal L, Rodr\u00edguez-Pardo D, Pigrau C, Larrosa N, Flores X. Antibiotic susceptibility in gram-positive chronic joint arthroplasty infections: increased aminoglycoside resistance rate in patients with prior aminoglycoside-impregnated cement spacer use. J Arthroplasty. 2014;29(8):1617\u201321. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.arth.2014.03.029.","journal-title":"J Arthroplasty"},{"issue":"6","key":"7165_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1177\/0897190014546836","volume":"27","author":"KA Wargo","year":"2014","unstructured":"Wargo KA, Edwards JD. Aminoglycoside-induced nephrotoxicity. J Pharm Pract. 2014;27(6):573\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0897190014546836.","journal-title":"J Pharm Pract"},{"key":"7165_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S225","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arth.2018.09.074","volume":"34","author":"KK Boyle","year":"2019","unstructured":"Boyle KK, Kuo F-C, Horcajada JP, Hughes H, Cavagnaro L, Marculescu C, et al. General assembly, treatment, antimicrobials: proceedings of international consensus on orthopedic infections. J Arthroplasty. 2019;34:S225\u201337. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.arth.2018.09.074.","journal-title":"J Arthroplasty"},{"issue":"2","key":"7165_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.3390\/ph18020184","volume":"18","author":"E Duman","year":"2025","unstructured":"Duman E, M\u00fcller-Deubert S, Pattappa G, Stratos I, Sieber SA, Clausen-Schaumann H, et al. Rioquinolone-mediated tendinopathy and tendon rupture. Pharmaceuticals (Basel). 2025;18(2):184. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ph18020184.","journal-title":"Pharmaceuticals (Basel)"},{"key":"7165_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2019.02522","volume":"10","author":"L Wang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Wang L, Di Luca M, Tkhilaishvili T, Trampuz A, Gonzalez Moreno M. Synergistic activity of fosfomycin, ciprofloxacin, and gentamicin against Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms. Front Microbiol. 2019;10:2522. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmicb.2019.02522.","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"7165_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1186\/s40360-018-0274-6.PMID:30541613;PMCID:PMC6292079","volume":"19","author":"M Sisay","year":"2018","unstructured":"Sisay M, Weldegebreal F, Tesfa T, Ataro Z, Marami D, Mitiku H, et al. Resistance profile of clinically relevant bacterial isolates against fluoroquinolone in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Pharmacol Toxicol. 2018;19(1):86. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40360-018-0274-6.PMID:30541613;PMCID:PMC6292079.","journal-title":"BMC Pharmacol Toxicol"},{"issue":"12","key":"7165_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1223","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics13121223.PMID:39766613;PMCID:PMC11727642","volume":"13","author":"J Pupaibool","year":"2024","unstructured":"Pupaibool J. The role of rifampin in prosthetic joint infections: efficacy, challenges, and clinical evidence. Antibiotics (Basel). 2024;13(12):1223. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/antibiotics13121223.PMID:39766613;PMCID:PMC11727642.","journal-title":"Antibiotics (Basel)"},{"issue":"6","key":"7165_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.00108-23","volume":"67","author":"KE Daffinee","year":"2023","unstructured":"Daffinee KE, Piehl EC, Bleick C, LaPlante KL. Eradication of Staphylococcus epidermidis within biofilms: comparison of systemic versus supratherapeutic concentrations of antibiotics. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2023;67(6):e0010823. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/aac.00108-23.","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"issue":"5","key":"7165_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e46","DOI":"10.1086\/520682","volume":"45","author":"KS Adriani","year":"2007","unstructured":"Adriani KS, van de Beek D, Brouwer MC, Spanjaard L, de Gans J. Community-acquired recurrent bacterial meningitis in adults. Clin Infect Dis. 2007;45(5):e46\u201351. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1086\/520682.","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"7165_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"219256822513418","DOI":"10.1177\/21925682251341833","volume":"7","author":"BJ Herrington","year":"2025","unstructured":"Herrington BJ, Urquhart JC, Rasoulinejad P, Siddiqi F, Gurr K, Bailey CS Vancomycin antibiotic prophylaxis compared to cefazolin increases risk of surgical site infection following spine surgery. Global Spine J. 2025;7:21925682251341833. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/21925682251341833.","journal-title":"Global Spine J"},{"issue":"1","key":"7165_CR70","first-page":"23","volume":"25","author":"CW Lee","year":"2004","unstructured":"Lee CW, Castells MC. Perioperative anaphylaxis to cefazolin. Allergy Asthma Proc. 2004;25(1):23\u20136.","journal-title":"Allergy Asthma Proc"},{"issue":"5","key":"7165_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"510","DOI":"10.1055\/a-0830-4776","volume":"157","author":"H Baecker","year":"2019","unstructured":"Baecker H, Gessmann J, Hanusrichter Y, Zahn PK, Schildhauer TA, Frieler S Outpatient Parenteral Antibiotic Therapy (OPAT) with Peripherally inserted central catheter in patients with periprosthetic joint infection. Z Orthop Unfall. 2019;157(5):510\u20134. . https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/a-0830-4776.","journal-title":"Z Orthop Unfall"},{"issue":"3","key":"7165_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cir842","volume":"54","author":"B Spellberg","year":"2012","unstructured":"Spellberg B, Lipsky BA. Systemic antibiotic therapy for chronic osteomyelitis in adults. Clin Infect Dis. 2012;54(3):393\u2013407. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/cid\/cir842.","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"7165_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1659","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-019-03594-z","volume":"38","author":"L Deroche","year":"2019","unstructured":"Deroche L, Plouzeau C, Bemer P, Tande D, Valentin AS, Jolivet-Gougeon A, Lemarie C, Bret L, Kempf M, Hery-Arnaud G, Corvec S, Burucoa C, Arvieux C, Bernard L, the CSG Probabilistic chemotherapy in knee and hip replacement infection: the place of linezolid. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 2019;38:1659\u201363. . https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10096-019-03594-z.","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"7165_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.5194\/jbji-6-7-2020.PMID:32983842;PMCID:PMC7517662","volume":"6","author":"C Theil","year":"2020","unstructured":"Theil C, Schmidt-Braekling T, Gosheger G, Schwarze J, Dieckmann R, Schneider KN, et al. Clinical use of linezolid in periprosthetic joint infections\u2014a systematic review. J Bone Jt Infect. 2020;6(1):7\u201316. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5194\/jbji-6-7-2020.PMID:32983842;PMCID:PMC7517662.","journal-title":"J Bone Jt Infect"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"7165_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S32","DOI":"10.1086\/590064","volume":"47","author":"DP Nicolau","year":"2008","unstructured":"Nicolau DP. Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of meropenem. Clin Infect Dis. 2008;47(Suppl 1):S32-40. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1086\/590064.","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"10","key":"7165_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1302\/2046-3758.1310.BJR-2024-0024.R2","volume":"13","author":"C Zou","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zou C, Guo W, Mu W, Wahafu T, Li Y, Hua L, et al. Synovial vancomycin and meropenem concentrations in periprosthetic joint infection treated by single-stage revision combined with intra-articular infusion. Bone Joint Res. 2024;13(10):535\u201345. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1302\/2046-3758.1310.BJR-2024-0024.R2.","journal-title":"Bone Joint Res"},{"key":"7165_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13018-025-06007-4","volume":"20","author":"G Jiang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Jiang G, Wang W, Yang Y, et al. Organism profiles and empirical treatments for periprosthetic joint infections. J Orthop Surg Res. 2025;20:698. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13018-025-06007-4.","journal-title":"J Orthop Surg Res"},{"key":"7165_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.7150\/jbji.15722","volume":"1","author":"NB Shah","year":"2016","unstructured":"Shah NB, Osmon DR, Steckelberg JM, Sierra RJ, Walker RC, Tande AJ, et al. Pseudomonas prosthetic joint infections: a review of 102 episodes. J Bone Jt Infect. 2016;1:25\u201330. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7150\/jbji.15722.","journal-title":"J Bone Jt Infect"},{"key":"7165_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.02571-19","volume":"64","author":"E Tannous","year":"2020","unstructured":"Tannous E, Lipman S, Tonna A, Hector E, Hussein Z, Stein M, et al. Time above the MIC of piperacillin-tazobactam as a predictor of outcome in Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteremia. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2020;64:e02571-19. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/AAC.02571-19.","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"7165_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1090","DOI":"10.1016\/S0149-2918(02)80021-2","volume":"24","author":"DS Burgess","year":"2002","unstructured":"Burgess DS, Waldrep T. Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of piperacillin\/tazobactam when administered by continuous infusion and intermittent dosing. Clin Ther. 2002;24:1090\u2013104. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0149-2918(02)80021-2.","journal-title":"Clin Ther"},{"issue":"3","key":"7165_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics12030577","volume":"12","author":"HC Rasmussen","year":"2023","unstructured":"Rasmussen HC, Hanberg P, Knudsen M, T\u00f8stesen SK, J\u00f8rgensen AR, Petersen EK, et al. Piperacillin steady state concentrations in target tissues relevant for PJI treatment-A randomized porcine microdialysis study comparing continuous infusion with intermittent short-term infusion. Antibiotics (Basel). 2023;12(3):577. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/antibiotics12030577.","journal-title":"Antibiotics (Basel)"},{"key":"7165_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1097\/01.blo.0000224021.73163.61","volume":"451","author":"N Rao","year":"2006","unstructured":"Rao N, Regalla DM. Uncertain efficacy of daptomycin for prosthetic joint infections: a prospective case series. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2006;451:34\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/01.blo.0000224021.73163.61.","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"7165_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13018-019-1375-7","volume":"14","author":"M Sawada","year":"2019","unstructured":"Sawada M, Oe K, Hirata M, Kawamura H, Ueda N, Nakamura T, et al. Linezolid versus daptomycin treatment for periprosthetic joint infections: a retrospective cohort study. J Orthop Surg Res. 2019;14(1):334. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13018-019-1375-7.","journal-title":"J Orthop Surg Res"},{"key":"7165_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1252","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkq109","volume":"65","author":"F Traunmuller","year":"2010","unstructured":"Traunmuller F, Schintler MV, Metzler J, et al. Soft tissue and bone penetration abilities of daptomycin in diabetic patients with bacterial foot infections. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2010;65:1252\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jac\/dkq109.","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"}],"container-title":["Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s13018-026-07165-9","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13018-026-07165-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13018-026-07165-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,22]],"date-time":"2026-08-22T10:58:58Z","timestamp":1787396338000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1186\/s13018-026-07165-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,22]]},"references-count":84,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["7165"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13018-026-07165-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["1749-799X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1749-799X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,22]]},"assertion":[{"value":"24 April 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"2 August 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"22 August 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki, and approved by the Institutional Review Board of the University of Duisburg-Essen (19-8609-BO).","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Consent for publication","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Written informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","label":"Informed consent","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}],"article-number":"502"}}