{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]],"date-time":"2026-08-21T13:33:10Z","timestamp":1787319190306,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,22]],"date-time":"2020-04-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1587513600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,22]],"date-time":"2020-04-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1587513600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Cardiothorac Surg"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Subxiphoid thoracoscopic thymectomy has been increasingly performed in recent years. This study aimed to assess the differences in outcomes between subxiphoid thoracoscopic thymectomy with and without chest tube drainage.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Overall, 205 subxiphoid thoracoscopic thymectomy operations were performed for myasthenia gravis, including 90 cases without and 115 cases with chest tube drainage. The clinical characteristics and perioperative outcomes of the patients were compared.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The patients included 112 women and 93 men, with a mean age of 41\u2009years. Two patients in the group without and 5 patient in the group with chest tube drainage developed dyspnea. In the group without chest tube, 6 patients had residual pneumothorax or pleural effusion and had a thoracentesis after surgery (6\/90). In the group with chest tube, 7 patients developed delayed pleural effusion and had a thoracentesis after chest tube removal (7\/115). The patients in the group without chest tube drainage group yielded lower pain scores.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The omission of chest tube drainage may be a feasible and safe choice for patients with myasthenia gravis undergoing subxiphoid thoracoscopic thymectomy, but further prospective studies are required.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13019-020-01102-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,22]],"date-time":"2020-04-22T12:03:42Z","timestamp":1587557022000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Is chest tube drainage necessary after subxiphoid thoracoscopic thymectomy?"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Jiaduo","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guoyan","family":"Qi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaohe","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xuguang","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,22]]},"reference":[{"issue":"20","key":"1102_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2005","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc1611704","volume":"375","author":"K Milinis","year":"2016","unstructured":"Milinis K. Randomized trial of thymectomy in myasthenia gravis. N Engl J Med. 2016;375(20):2005.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"1102_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1602489","volume":"375","author":"GI Wolfe","year":"2016","unstructured":"Wolfe GI, Kaminski HJ, Aban IB, et al. Randomized trial of thymectomy in myasthenia gravis [published correction appears in N Engl J Med. 2017 May 25;376(21):2097. [Dosage error in article text]]. N Engl J Med. 2016;375(6):511\u201322.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"1102_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijsu.2019.01.011","volume":"67","author":"L Zhang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Zhang L, Li M, Jiang F, Zhang Z, Zhang Q, Xu L. Subxiphoid versus lateral intercostal approaches thoracoscopic thymectomy for non-myasthenic early-stage thymoma: a propensity score -matched analysis. Int J Surg. 2019;67:13\u20137.","journal-title":"Int J Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"1102_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1711","DOI":"10.21037\/jtd.2018.02.11","volume":"10","author":"Q Lu","year":"2018","unstructured":"Lu Q, Zhao J, Wang J, et al. Subxiphoid and subcostal arch \u201cthree ports\u201d thoracoscopic extended thymectomy for myasthenia gravis. J Thorac Dis. 2018;10(3):1711\u201320.","journal-title":"J Thorac Dis"},{"issue":"3","key":"1102_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"763","DOI":"10.1007\/s00268-016-3783-8","volume":"41","author":"M Yano","year":"2017","unstructured":"Yano M, Moriyama S, Haneda H, et al. The subxiphoid approach leads to less invasive thoracoscopic thymectomy than the lateral approach. World J Surg. 2017;41(3):763\u201370.","journal-title":"World J Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"1102_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1097\/MCP.0000000000000169","volume":"21","author":"M Mao","year":"2015","unstructured":"Mao M, Hughes R, Papadimos TJ, Stawicki SP. Complications of chest tubes: a focused clinical synopsis. Curr Opin Pulm Med. 2015;21(4):376\u201386.","journal-title":"Curr Opin Pulm Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"1102_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"820","DOI":"10.1093\/ejcts\/ezr126","volume":"41","author":"M Refai","year":"2012","unstructured":"Refai M, Brunelli A, Salati M, Xium\u00e8 F, Pompili C, Sabbatini A. The impact of chest tube removal on pain and pulmonary function after pulmonary resection. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg. 2012;41(4):820\u20133.","journal-title":"Eur J Cardiothorac Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"1102_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0036-1586136","volume":"65","author":"Y Zhong","year":"2017","unstructured":"Zhong Y, Zhou Y, Jiang L, et al. Modified transsubxiphoid thoracoscopic extended thymectomy in patients with myasthenia gravis. Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2017;65(3):250\u20134.","journal-title":"Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"issue":"5","key":"1102_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"872","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejcts.2004.01.041","volume":"25","author":"A Watanabe","year":"2004","unstructured":"Watanabe A, Watanabe T, Ohsawa H, et al. Avoiding chest tube placement after video-assisted thoracoscopic wedge resection of the lung. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg. 2004;25(5):872\u20136.","journal-title":"Eur J Cardiothorac Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"1102_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2007.03.007","volume":"84","author":"H Luckraz","year":"2007","unstructured":"Luckraz H, Rammohan KS, Phillips M, et al. Is an intercostal chest drain necessary after video-assisted thoracoscopic (vats) lung biopsy? Ann Thorac Surg. 2007;84(1):237\u20139.","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"1102_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-4975(00)01595-2","volume":"70","author":"A Jaretzki 3rd","year":"2000","unstructured":"Jaretzki A 3rd, Barohn RJ, Ernstoff RM, et al. Myasthenia gravis: recommendations for clinical research standards. Task force of the medical scientific advisory board of the myasthenia gravis foundation of america. Ann Thorac Surg. 2000;70(1):327\u201334.","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"issue":"10","key":"1102_CR12","first-page":"989","volume":"62","author":"RC Aitken","year":"1969","unstructured":"Aitken RC. Measurement of feelings using visual analogue scales. Proc R Soc Med. 1969;62(10):989\u201393.","journal-title":"Proc R Soc Med"},{"issue":"9","key":"1102_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"875","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2013.03.007","volume":"12","author":"A Marx","year":"2013","unstructured":"Marx A, Pfister F, Schalke B, Saruhan-Direskeneli G, Melms A, Strobel P. The different roles of the thymus in the pathogenesis of the various myasthenia gravis subtypes. Autoimmun Rev. 2013;12(9):875\u201384.","journal-title":"Autoimmun Rev"},{"issue":"1","key":"1102_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/S1043-0679(99)70022-5","volume":"11","author":"AP Yim","year":"1999","unstructured":"Yim AP, Kay RL, Izzat MB, Ng SK. Video-assisted thoracoscopic thymectomy for myasthenia gravis. Semin Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 1999;11(1):65\u201373.","journal-title":"Semin Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"issue":"5","key":"1102_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1440","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.108.5.1440","volume":"108","author":"AP Yim","year":"1995","unstructured":"Yim AP, Kay RL, Ho JK. Video-assisted thoracoscopic thymectomy for myasthenia gravis. Chest. 1995;108(5):1440\u20133.","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"5","key":"1102_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1352","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5223(96)70151-4","volume":"112","author":"MJ Mack","year":"1996","unstructured":"Mack MJ, Landreneau RJ, Yim AP, Hazelrigg SR, Scruggs GR. Results of video-assisted thymectomy in patients with myasthenia gravis. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 1996;112(5):1352\u20139 discussion 1359-1360.","journal-title":"J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"key":"1102_CR17","unstructured":"Xu H, Guo C, Li Y, Yang L, Zhang L. Omitting Chest Tube Drainage after Subxiphoid Thoracoscopic Thymectomy. Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2019;10. https:\/\/doi.org\/1055\/s-0039-1693027."},{"issue":"1","key":"1102_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2011.08.047","volume":"93","author":"T Suda","year":"2012","unstructured":"Suda T, Sugimura H, Tochii D, Kihara M, Hattori Y. Single-port thymectomy through an infrasternal approach. Ann Thorac Surg. 2012;93(1):334\u20136.","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"issue":"01","key":"1102_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.thorsurg.2016.08.001","volume":"27","author":"F Venuta","year":"2017","unstructured":"Venuta F, Diso D, Anile M, Rendina EA, Onorati I. Chest tubes: generalities. Thorac Surg Clin. 2017;27(01):1\u20135.","journal-title":"Thorac Surg Clin"}],"container-title":["Journal of Cardiothoracic Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13019-020-01102-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s13019-020-01102-5\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13019-020-01102-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,21]],"date-time":"2021-04-21T20:00:16Z","timestamp":1619035216000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/cardiothoracicsurgery.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s13019-020-01102-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,22]]},"references-count":19,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]}},"alternative-id":["1102"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13019-020-01102-5","relation":{},"ISSN":["1749-8090"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1749-8090","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,22]]},"assertion":[{"value":"28 November 2019","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"6 April 2020","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"22 April 2020","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"66"}}