{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,3]],"date-time":"2026-05-03T15:24:38Z","timestamp":1777821878013,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,7]],"date-time":"2021-01-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609977600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,7]],"date-time":"2021-01-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609977600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Cardiothorac Surg"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study aimed to retrospectively evaluate the clinical, pathological, and treatment-related factors associated with survival in patients with surgically treated thymomas.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Sixty patients with thymomas who underwent treatment at our institution between 2004 and 2015 were included. Survival analysis was performed based on curves that were obtained using the Kaplan\u2013Meier method. The Wilcoxon test was used for all comparisons, and\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05 was considered statistically significant.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Forty-seven, four, three, four, and two patients presented tumor stages I, II, III, IVa, and IVb (according to the Masaoka classification), respectively, while six, 14, 11, 22, and seven patients had type A, AB, B1, B2, and B3 thymomas, respectively. Furthermore, 53 and eight patients underwent complete resection and required additional resection of adjacent organs, respectively, and no patients died from surgery-related complications. The five-year survival and recurrence-free survival (RFS) rates were 96 and 86%, respectively. The five-year survival rate for all stages was 100% except for those with stage IVb tumors (Masaoka classification); the survival rate for those patients was 0%. Separately, the five-year RFS rates for tumor stages I, II, III, IVa, and IVb were 100, 91, 91, 81, and 71%, respectively. Finally, the five-year survival rates in cases with complete and incomplete resections were 100 and 71%, respectively, indicating that the latter group had a significantly poorer prognosis (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These findings suggest that complete resection and the Masaoka pathological stage are significant predictors of prognosis in patients with thymomas. Surgery should aim to achieve complete resection; however, advanced cases may require multimodality therapy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13019-020-01386-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,7]],"date-time":"2021-01-07T11:03:46Z","timestamp":1610017426000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Single-center evaluation of prognostic factors for thymoma treated by surgery: a retrospective study"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0073-9126","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Satoshi","family":"Kamata","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Itaru","family":"Ishida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuyo","family":"Suzuki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hiroyuki","family":"Oura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"1386_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"826","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2006.10.030","volume":"133","author":"K Kawaguchi","year":"2007","unstructured":"Kawaguchi K, Usami N, Uchiyama M, Ito S, Yasuda A, Yokoi K. Triple thymoma with different histologic types. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2007;133:826\u20137.","journal-title":"J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"key":"1386_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e214","DOI":"10.1093\/ejcts\/ezt305","volume":"44","author":"T Kimura","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kimura T, Inoue M, Kadota Y, Shiono H, Shintani Y, Nakagiri T, et al. The oncological feasibility and limitations of video-assisted thoracoscopic thymectomy for early-stage thymomas. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg. 2013;44:e214\u20138.","journal-title":"Eur J Cardiothorac Surg"},{"key":"1386_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"520","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2015.07.084","volume":"101","author":"K Nakagawa","year":"2016","unstructured":"Nakagawa K, Yokoi K, Nakajima J, Tanaka F, Maniwa Y, Suzuki M, Nagayasu T, Asamura H. Is Thymomectomy alone appropriate for stage I (T1N0M0) thymoma? Results of a propensity-score analysis. Ann Thorac Surg. 2016;101:520\u20136.","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"key":"1386_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"624","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.10226","volume":"94","author":"M Okumura","year":"2002","unstructured":"Okumura M, Ohta M, Tateyama H, Nakagawa K, Matsumura A, Maeda H, et al. The World Health Organization histologic classification system reflects the oncologic behavior of thymoma: a clinical study of 273 patients. Cancer. 2002;94:624\u201332.","journal-title":"Cancer."},{"key":"1386_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1134","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5223(03)00798-0","volume":"126","author":"K Nakagawa","year":"2003","unstructured":"Nakagawa K, Asamura H, Matsuno Y, Suzuki K, Kondo H, Maeshima A, et al. Thymoma: a clinicopathologic study based on the new World Health Organization classification. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2003;126:1134\u201340.","journal-title":"J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"key":"1386_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1097\/JTO.0000000000000378","volume":"10","author":"T Mizuno","year":"2015","unstructured":"Mizuno T, Okumura M, Asamura H, Yoshida K, Niwa H, Kondo K, et al. Surgical management of recurrent thymic epithelial tumors: a retrospective analysis based on the Japanese nationwide database. J Thorac Oncol. 2015;10:199\u2013205.","journal-title":"J Thorac Oncol"},{"key":"1386_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S357","DOI":"10.1097\/JTO.0b013e3181f21129","volume":"5","author":"J Schmitt","year":"2010","unstructured":"Schmitt J, Loehrer PJ Sr. The role of chemotherapy in advanced thymoma. J Thorac Oncol. 2010;5:S357\u201360.","journal-title":"J Thorac Oncol"},{"key":"1386_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1901","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.21875","volume":"106","author":"Y Kobayashi","year":"2006","unstructured":"Kobayashi Y, Fujii Y, Yano M, Sasaki H, Yukiue H, Haneda H, et al. Preoperative steroid pulse therapy for invasive thymoma: clinical experience and mechanism of action. Cancer. 2006;106:1901\u20137.","journal-title":"Cancer."},{"key":"1386_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1007\/s00432-004-0646-8","volume":"131","author":"Y Funakoshi","year":"2005","unstructured":"Funakoshi Y, Shiono H, Inoue M, Kadota Y, Ohta M, Matsuda H, et al. Glucocorticoids induce G1 cell cycle arrest in human neoplastic thymic epithelial cells. 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Postoperative radiation therapy after complete resection of thymoma has little impact on survival. Cancer. 2009;115:5413\u201320.","journal-title":"Cancer."},{"key":"1386_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1822","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2012.03.004","volume":"93","author":"B Weksler","year":"2012","unstructured":"Weksler B, Shende M, Nason KS, Gallagher A, Ferson PF, Pennathur A. The role of adjuvant radiation therapy for resected stage III thymoma: a population-based study. 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All experiments were performed in accordance with relevant guidelines and regulations.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"8"}}