{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]],"date-time":"2026-03-06T10:44:05Z","timestamp":1772793845514,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":8,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,25]],"date-time":"2021-03-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1616630400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,25]],"date-time":"2021-03-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1616630400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Henan Province Medical Science and Technology Project","award":["SB201902005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SB201902005"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Cardiothorac Surg"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Long-term placement of airway stents has a high probability of restenosis of the airway due to granulation tissue hyperplasia, and it is difficult to remove the stent. Our aim is to evaluate the success rate and complications of removal of tracheal tube metallic stents under fluoroscopic guidance, and to compare the difference between uncovered stent and covered stent.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We retrospectively reviewed 45 cases (31 males and 14 females; age, 12\u201371\u2009years) of tracheal metallic stent removal performed at our center between January 2014 and December 2019. Covered stents were applied in 36 cases, and uncovered stents were applied in 9 cases. In the covered stent group, 15 patients presented with granulation tissue at both ends; 3 cases, with stent fracture; and 2, with stent intolerance due to severe airway foreign body sensation. In the uncovered stents group, all patients presented with granulation tissue formation; 2 patients, with stent fracture; and 1 patient, with stent intolerance.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 41 (91.1%) stents were successfully removed (34 [94.4%] in the covered stent group and 7 [77.8%] in the uncovered stent group). The average duration of stent placement was 3.2\u2009\u00b1\u20090.7 and 2.5\u2009\u00b1\u20091.2\u2009months in the covered stent group and uncovered stent group, respectively. With regard to the complications, hemoptysis occurred in 4 cases (average blood volume lost, 100\u2009ml), tracheal mucosa tear occurred in 5 cases, tracheal collapse requiring emergency airway stent placement occurred in 1 case, and tracheal rupture requiring emergency surgical suture occurred in 1 case. No procedure-related deaths occurred in either group.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>It is safe to remove the metal stent of the tracheal tube under the guidance of fluoroscopy, with low complications, and can avoid the long-term placement of the airway stent.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13019-021-01444-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,25]],"date-time":"2021-03-25T10:03:04Z","timestamp":1616666584000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Clinical evaluation the success rate and complications of fluoroscopically guided removal of tracheal tube metallic stents"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Zong-Ming","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"De-Chao","family":"Jiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4407-4864","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xin-Wei","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hui-Bin","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ke-Wei","family":"Ren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hong","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"1444_CR1","first-page":"13801","volume":"259","author":"N Guibert","year":"2020","unstructured":"Guibert N, Saka H, Dutau H. Airway stenting: Technological advancements and its role in interventional pulmonology. Respirology. 2020;259:13801\u201310.","journal-title":"Respirology."},{"issue":"1","key":"1444_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijtb.2015.07.013","volume":"63","author":"BT Isaac","year":"2016","unstructured":"Isaac BT, Datey A, Christopher DJ. Successful removal of self-expanding metallic stent after deployment for tubercular bronchostenosis. Indian J Tuberc. 2016;63(1):55\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijtb.2015.07.013.","journal-title":"Indian J Tuberc"},{"issue":"1","key":"1444_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1186\/1749-8090-6-46","volume":"6","author":"FT Chung","year":"2011","unstructured":"Chung FT, Chen HC, Chou CL, Yu CT, Kuo CH, Kuo HP, et al. An outcome analysis of self-expandable metallic stents in central airway obstruction: a cohort study. J Cardiothorac Surg. 2011;6(1):46. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1749-8090-6-46.","journal-title":"J Cardiothorac Surg"},{"issue":"7","key":"1444_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3539","DOI":"10.21037\/jtd-20-677","volume":"12","author":"KC Ma","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ma KC, Li M, Haas AR, Lanfranco AR, Moon EK, DiBardino DM. Efficacy and safety of airway stenting to treat anastomotic complications after lung transplant: a cohort study. J Thorac Dis. 2020;12(7):3539\u201348. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21037\/jtd-20-677.","journal-title":"J Thorac Dis"},{"key":"1444_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"470","DOI":"10.5603\/ARM.a2020.0146","volume":"885","author":"G Chawla","year":"2020","unstructured":"Chawla G, Madan K, Iyer H, Tiwari P, Hadda V, Mohan A, et al. Removal of a self-expanding metallic Y stent in the management of reversible central airway obstruction due to mediastinal lymphoma. Adv Respir Med. 2020;885:470\u20132.","journal-title":"Adv Respir Med."},{"key":"1444_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2165","DOI":"10.21037\/jtd.2018.12.128","volume":"115","author":"U Chaddha","year":"2019","unstructured":"Chaddha U, Hogarth DK, Murgu S. Perspective on airway stenting in inoperable patients with tracheoesophageal fistula after curative-intent treatment for esophageal cancer. J Thorac Dis. 2019;115:2165\u201374.","journal-title":"J Thorac Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"1444_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1186\/1749-8090-5-72","volume":"5","author":"O Fruchter","year":"2010","unstructured":"Fruchter O, Raviv Y, Fox BD, Kramer MR. Removal of metallic tracheobronchial stents in lung transplantation with flexible bronchoscopy. J Cardiothorac Surg. 2010;5(1):72. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1749-8090-5-72.","journal-title":"J Cardiothorac Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"1444_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1007\/s11547-018-0953-9","volume":"124","author":"Y Bi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Bi Y, Yu Z, Ren J, Han X, Wu G. Metallic stent insertion and removal for post-tracheotomy and post-intubation tracheal stenosis. Radiol Med. 2019;124(3):191\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11547-018-0953-9.","journal-title":"Radiol Med"}],"container-title":["Journal of Cardiothoracic Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13019-021-01444-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s13019-021-01444-8\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13019-021-01444-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,25]],"date-time":"2021-03-25T10:10:15Z","timestamp":1616667015000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/cardiothoracicsurgery.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s13019-021-01444-8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,25]]},"references-count":8,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]}},"alternative-id":["1444"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13019-021-01444-8","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-127854\/v1","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1749-8090"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1749-8090","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,25]]},"assertion":[{"value":"7 December 2020","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"17 March 2021","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"25 March 2021","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The signed informed consent of all the patients was obtained for the publication of this study and any accompanying images. The Ethics Committee of the Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University has approved of this study.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"54"}}