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A potential new therapeutic option is the unilateral diaphragmatic pacemaker. In this study, we investigated the most effective stimulation location for a potential fully implantable system in a porcine model.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Five pigs (20.8\u2009\u00b1\u20090.95\u00a0kg) underwent implantation of a customized cuff electrode placed around the right phrenic nerve. A bipolar myocardial pacing electrode was sutured adjacent to the motor point and peripherally at the costophrenic angle (peripheral diaphragmatic muscle). The electrodes were stimulated 30 times per minute with a pulse duration of 200\u00a0\u00b5s and a stimulation time of 300\u00a0ms. Current intensity was the only variable changed during the experiment.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Effective stimulation occurred at 0.26\u2009\u00b1\u20090.024\u00a0mA at the phrenic nerve and 7\u2009\u00b1\u20091.22\u00a0mA at the motor point, a significant difference in amperage (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.005). Even with a maximum stimulation of 10\u00a0mA at the peripheral diaphragm muscle, however, no effective stimulation was observed.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The phrenic nerve seems to be the best location for direct stimulation by a unilateral thoracic diaphragm pacemaker in terms of the required amperage level in a porcine model.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13019-024-02707-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,5]],"date-time":"2024-04-05T09:02:01Z","timestamp":1712307721000},"update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["In a porcine model of implantable pacemakers for pediatric unilateral diaphragm paralysis, the phrenic nerve is the best target"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Tobias","family":"Kratz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jan","family":"Dauvergne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Roman","family":"Ruff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Timo","family":"Koch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Johannes","family":"Breuer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Boulos","family":"Asfour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ulrike","family":"Herberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Benjamin","family":"Bierbach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,5]]},"reference":[{"issue":"Suppl 4","key":"2707_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S376","DOI":"10.21037\/jtd.2016.03.97","volume":"8","author":"F Le Pimpec-Barthes","year":"2016","unstructured":"Le Pimpec-Barthes F, et al. 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