{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,5]],"date-time":"2026-09-05T05:45:44Z","timestamp":1788587144480,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":8,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,4]],"date-time":"2024-04-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1712188800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,4]],"date-time":"2024-04-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1712188800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Cardiothorac Surg"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The persistent left superior vena cava (PLSVC) is an infrequent vascular variant. PLSVC with absent right superior vena cava, also known as isolated PLSVC, is an exceptionally rare entity. In this case we present a patient with isolated PLSVC draining to coronary sinus, diagnosed incidentally during echocardiography.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Case presentation<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>A 35-year-old man underwent a transthoracic echocardiography which showed an enormously dilated coronary sinus. Hand-agitated saline was injected via peripheral intravenous cannulas. The contrast appeared firstly in the coronary sinus before it opacified the right atrium. Since this was also visible by the right antecubital saline injection, it indicated an extremely rare case of PLSVC with the absence of right superior vena cava which was confirmed by cardiac magnetic resonance.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The finding of a distinctively dilated coronary sinus in echocardiography led us to further investigation using agitated saline that revealed an infrequent anomaly termed isolated PLSVC. The in-depth diagnosis of this vascular variant is crucial considering that it may lead to important clinical implications, such as difficulties with central venous access, especially in the current era of a rapid development of cardiac device therapies.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13019-024-02709-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,4]],"date-time":"2024-04-04T14:02:13Z","timestamp":1712239333000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["A rare case of isolated persistent left superior vena cava diagnosed by echocardiography"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Dorota","family":"Smolarek","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hanna","family":"Jankowska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karolina","family":"Dorniak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcin","family":"Hellmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"2709_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nsah EN, Moore GW, Hutchins GM. Pathogenesis of persistent left superior vena cava with a coronary sinus connection. Pediatr Pathol. 1991 Mar-Apr;11(2):261\u20139.","DOI":"10.3109\/15513819109064763"},{"key":"2709_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1186\/1476-7120-6-50","volume":"6","author":"SK Goyal","year":"2008","unstructured":"Goyal SK, Punnam SR, Verma G, Ruberg FL. Persistent left superior vena cava: a case report and review of literature. Cardiovasc Ultrasound. 2008;6:50.","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Ultrasound"},{"issue":"4","key":"2709_CR3","first-page":"411","volume":"45","author":"BD Sarodia","year":"2000","unstructured":"Sarodia BD, Stoller JK. Persistent left superior vena cava: case report and literature review. Respir Care. 2000;45(4):411\u20136.","journal-title":"Respir Care"},{"issue":"3","key":"2709_CR4","first-page":"293","volume":"57","author":"CC Tarniceriu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Tarniceriu CC, Hurjui LL, Tanase DM, et al. The pulmonary venous return from normal to pathological-clinical correlations and review of literature. Med (Kaunas). 2021;57(3):293.","journal-title":"Med (Kaunas)"},{"issue":"1","key":"2709_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1177\/21501351221122972","volume":"14","author":"WN Evans","year":"2023","unstructured":"Evans WN, Acherman RJ, Ciccolo ML, et al. Isolated vascular rings are common cardiovascular malformations. World J Pediatr Congenit Heart Surg. 2023;14(1):21\u20133.","journal-title":"World J Pediatr Congenit Heart Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"2709_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1186\/s13244-020-00906-2","volume":"11","author":"A Azizova","year":"2020","unstructured":"Azizova A, Onder O, Arslan S, et al. Persistent left superior vena cava: clinical importance and differential diagnoses. Insights Imaging. 2020;11(1):110.","journal-title":"Insights Imaging"},{"issue":"3","key":"2709_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1002\/clc.4960230304","volume":"23","author":"IA D\u2019Cruz","year":"2000","unstructured":"D\u2019Cruz IA, Shala MB, Johns C. Echocardiography of the coronary sinus in adults. Clin Cardiol. 2000;23(3):149\u201354.","journal-title":"Clin Cardiol"},{"issue":"11","key":"2709_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1572","DOI":"10.5603\/KP.2018.0221","volume":"76","author":"M Peregud-Pogorzelska","year":"2018","unstructured":"Peregud-Pogorzelska M, Zielska M, Zakrzewski M, et al. Cryoablation of pulmonary veins for the treatment of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation coexisting with isolated persistent left superior vena cava. Kardiol Pol. 2018;76(11):1572.","journal-title":"Kardiol Pol"}],"container-title":["Journal of Cardiothoracic Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13019-024-02709-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s13019-024-02709-8\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13019-024-02709-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,4]],"date-time":"2024-04-04T14:03:11Z","timestamp":1712239391000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/cardiothoracicsurgery.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s13019-024-02709-8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,4]]},"references-count":8,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]}},"alternative-id":["2709"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13019-024-02709-8","relation":{},"ISSN":["1749-8090"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1749-8090","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"13 November 2023","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"29 March 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"4 April 2024","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Written informed consent was obtained from the patient for publication of this case report and accompanying images.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"175"}}