{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,22]],"date-time":"2026-06-22T17:38:43Z","timestamp":1782149923478,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,17]],"date-time":"2025-04-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1744848000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,17]],"date-time":"2025-04-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1744848000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Cardiothorac Surg"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s13019-025-03437-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,17]],"date-time":"2025-04-17T09:55:09Z","timestamp":1744883709000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Impact of preoperative pleural effusion on ultrasound- and pressure-guided thoracic paravertebral block: a prospective observational study"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Yaoping","family":"Zhao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuang","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dong","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shaoqiang","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nan","family":"Cai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qiang","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Geng","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,17]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"3437_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1016\/j.thorsurg.2020.03.001","volume":"30","author":"K Marshall","year":"2020","unstructured":"Marshall K, McLaughlin K. Pain management in thoracic surgery. Thorac Surg Clin. 2020;30(3):339\u201346.","journal-title":"Thorac Surg Clin"},{"issue":"3","key":"3437_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aew269","volume":"117","author":"K El-Boghdadly","year":"2016","unstructured":"El-Boghdadly K, Madjdpour C, Chin KJ. Thoracic paravertebral blocks in abdominal surgery - a systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Br J Anaesth. 2016;117(3):297\u2013308.","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"issue":"2","key":"3437_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"915","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2017.10.003","volume":"32","author":"F D\u2019Ercole","year":"2018","unstructured":"D\u2019Ercole F, Arora H, Kumar PA. Paravertebral block for thoracic surgery. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth. 2018;32(2):915\u201327.","journal-title":"J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth"},{"issue":"8","key":"3437_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1007\/s11916-023-01118-1","volume":"27","author":"K Slinchenkova","year":"2023","unstructured":"Slinchenkova K, Lee K, Choudhury S, Sundarapandiyan D, Gritsenko K. A review of the paravertebral block: benefits and complications. Curr Pain Headache Rep. 2023;27(8):203\u20138.","journal-title":"Curr Pain Headache Rep"},{"issue":"3","key":"3437_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"771","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-200109000-00033","volume":"95","author":"MK Karmakar","year":"2001","unstructured":"Karmakar MK. Thoracic paravertebral block. Anesthesiology. 2001;95(3):771\u201380.","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"issue":"5","key":"3437_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.4097\/kja.20065","volume":"73","author":"AE Ardon","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ardon AE, Lee J, Franco CD, Riutort KT, Greengrass RA. Paravertebral block: anatomy and relevant safety issues. Korean J Anesthesiol. 2020;73(5):394\u2013400.","journal-title":"Korean J Anesthesiol"},{"issue":"10","key":"3437_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"806","DOI":"10.1097\/EJA.0000000000000858","volume":"35","author":"K Okitsu","year":"2018","unstructured":"Okitsu K, Maeda A, Iritakenishi T, Fujino Y. The feasibility of pressure measurement during an ultrasound-guided thoracic paravertebral block. Eur J Anaesthesiol. 2018;35(10):806\u20137.","journal-title":"Eur J Anaesthesiol"},{"issue":"21","key":"3437_CR8","first-page":"377","volume":"116","author":"B Jany","year":"2019","unstructured":"Jany B, Welte T. Pleural effusion in Adults-Etiology, diagnosis, and treatment. Dtsch Arztebl Int. 2019;116(21):377\u201386.","journal-title":"Dtsch Arztebl Int"},{"issue":"1","key":"3437_CR9","first-page":"46","volume":"5","author":"CM Dunham","year":"2015","unstructured":"Dunham CM, Hileman BM, Ransom KJ, Malik RJ. Trauma patient adverse outcomes are independently associated with rib cage fracture burden and severity of lung, head, and abdominal injuries. Int J Burns Trauma. 2015;5(1):46\u201355.","journal-title":"Int J Burns Trauma"},{"issue":"1","key":"3437_CR10","first-page":"115","volume":"72","author":"Y Zhao","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zhao Y, Tao Y, Zheng S, Cai N, Cheng L, Xie H, Wang G. Effects of erector spinae plane block and retrolaminar block on analgesia for multiple rib fractures: a randomized, double-blinded clinical trial. Braz J Anesthesiol. 2022;72(1):115\u201321.","journal-title":"Braz J Anesthesiol"},{"key":"3437_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.2147\/TCRM.S263353","volume":"16","author":"EK Choi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Choi EK, Kim JI, Park SJ. A randomized controlled trial comparing analgesic efficacies of an Ultrasound-Guided approach with and without a combined pressure measurement technique for thoracic paravertebral blocks after open thoracotomy. Ther Clin Risk Manag. 2020;16:727\u201334.","journal-title":"Ther Clin Risk Manag"},{"issue":"2","key":"3437_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2044.1996.tb07700.x","volume":"51","author":"J Richardson","year":"1996","unstructured":"Richardson J, Cheema SP, Hawkins J, Sabanathan S. Thoracic paravertebral space location. A new method using pressure measurement. Anaesthesia. 1996;51(2):137\u20139.","journal-title":"Anaesthesia"},{"key":"3437_CR13","first-page":"4799","volume":"2019","author":"J Lyu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Lyu J, Ling SH, Banerjee S, Zheng JJY, Lai KL, Yang D, Zheng YP, Su S. 3D ultrasound spine image selection using Convolution Learning-to-Rank algorithm. Annu Int Conf IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc. 2019;2019:4799\u2013802.","journal-title":"Annu Int Conf IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc"},{"key":"3437_CR14","first-page":"90","volume":"39","author":"AK Morimoto","year":"1997","unstructured":"Morimoto AK, Krumm JC, Kozlowski DM, Kuhlmann JL, Wilson C, Little C, Dickey FM, Kwok KS, Rogers B, Walsh N. High definition 3D ultrasound imaging. Stud Health Technol Inf. 1997;39:90\u20138.","journal-title":"Stud Health Technol Inf"},{"issue":"4","key":"3437_CR15","first-page":"e7626","volume":"12","author":"R Wardhan","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wardhan R, Kantamneni S. The challenges of Ultrasound-guided thoracic paravertebral blocks in rib fracture patients. Cureus. 2020;12(4):e7626.","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"issue":"4","key":"3437_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"526","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aeq206","volume":"105","author":"P Marhofer","year":"2010","unstructured":"Marhofer P, Kettner SC, Hajbok L, Dubsky P, Fleischmann E. Lateral ultrasound-guided paravertebral Blockade: an anatomical-based description of a new technique. Br J Anaesth. 2010;105(4):526\u201332.","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"issue":"8","key":"3437_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.21037\/atm.2019.03.53","volume":"7","author":"B Fang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Fang B, Wang Z, Huang X. Ultrasound-guided preoperative single-dose erector spinae plane block provides comparable analgesia to thoracic paravertebral block following thoracotomy: a single center randomized controlled double-blind study. Ann Transl Med. 2019;7(8):174.","journal-title":"Ann Transl Med"},{"issue":"9","key":"3437_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"824","DOI":"10.1097\/EJA.0000000000001198","volume":"37","author":"H Li","year":"2020","unstructured":"Li H, Wei H, Ma D, Wang Y. Ultrasound and pressure-guided thoracic paravertebral block: A preliminary investigation. Eur J Anaesthesiol. 2020;37(9):824\u20136.","journal-title":"Eur J Anaesthesiol"},{"issue":"11","key":"3437_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1251","DOI":"10.1097\/JTO.0b013e318189f53d","volume":"3","author":"S Bielsa","year":"2008","unstructured":"Bielsa S, Mart\u00edn-Juan J, Porcel JM, Rodr\u00edguez-Panadero F. Diagnostic and prognostic implications of pleural adhesions in malignant effusions. J Thorac Oncol. 2008;3(11):1251\u20136.","journal-title":"J Thorac Oncol"},{"issue":"10","key":"3437_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"982","DOI":"10.1136\/thoraxjnl-2012-203181","volume":"68","author":"JS David","year":"2013","unstructured":"David JS, Tassin C, Maury JM. Post-traumatic pulmonary hernia. Thorax. 2013;68(10):982.","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"issue":"4","key":"3437_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-009-0881-4","volume":"18","author":"GA Kraan","year":"2009","unstructured":"Kraan GA, Hoogland PV, Wuisman PI. Extraforaminal ligament attachments of the thoracic spinal nerves in humans. Eur Spine J. 2009;18(4):490\u20138.","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"issue":"9","key":"3437_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1231","DOI":"10.1111\/aas.13424","volume":"63","author":"MV Nielsen","year":"2019","unstructured":"Nielsen MV, Moriggl B, Hoermann R, Nielsen TD, Bendtsen TF, B\u00f8rglum J. Are single-injection erector spinae plane block and multiple-injection Costotransverse block equivalent to thoracic paravertebral block? Acta Anaesthesiologica Scan. 2019;63(9):1231\u20138.","journal-title":"Acta Anaesthesiologica Scan"},{"issue":"10","key":"3437_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1230","DOI":"10.1111\/anae.14004","volume":"72","author":"I Costache","year":"2017","unstructured":"Costache I, de Neumann L, Ramnanan CJ, Goodwin SL, Pawa A, Abdallah FW, McCartney CJL. The mid-point transverse process to pleura (MTP) block: a new end-point for thoracic paravertebral block. Anesthesia. 2017;72(10):1230\u20136.","journal-title":"Anesthesia"},{"issue":"1","key":"3437_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1007\/s40122-020-00231-y","volume":"10","author":"L Hu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hu L, Xu X, Tian H, He J. Effect of Single-Injection thoracic paravertebral block via the intrathoracic approach for analgesia after Single-Port Video-Assisted thoracoscopic lung wedge resection: A randomized controlled trial. Pain Ther. 2021;10(1):433\u201342.","journal-title":"Pain Ther"},{"key":"3437_CR25","unstructured":"Tanimoto S, Shakuo T, Dosei T, Sakamoto A, Shida K. Bilateral continuous thoracic paravertebral block for the pain management of multiple rib fractures with flail chest: A case report. Cureus, 16(12):e75406."},{"issue":"1","key":"3437_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1186\/s12871-021-01389-4","volume":"21","author":"S Zhang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zhang S, Liu Y, Liu X, Liu T, Li P, Mei W. Infrared thermography for assessment of thoracic paravertebral block: a prospective observational study. BMC Anesthesiol. 2021;21(1):168.","journal-title":"BMC Anesthesiol"}],"container-title":["Journal of Cardiothoracic Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13019-025-03437-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s13019-025-03437-3\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13019-025-03437-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,17]],"date-time":"2025-04-17T09:55:12Z","timestamp":1744883712000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/cardiothoracicsurgery.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s13019-025-03437-3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,17]]},"references-count":26,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["3437"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13019-025-03437-3","relation":{},"ISSN":["1749-8090"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1749-8090","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,17]]},"assertion":[{"value":"5 November 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"6 April 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"17 April 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This study was conducted with approval from the Beijing Jishuitan Hospital Institutional Review Board (202104-01). This study was conducted in accordance with the declaration of Helsinki. Written informed consent was obtained from all participants.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"207"}}