{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,24]],"date-time":"2025-10-24T09:59:12Z","timestamp":1761299952913,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,24]],"date-time":"2025-10-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761264000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,24]],"date-time":"2025-10-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761264000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Cardiothorac Surg"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s13019-025-03616-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,24]],"date-time":"2025-10-24T09:56:54Z","timestamp":1761299814000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Enhanced effects of augmented reality-based cardiac rehabilitation in the first phase on recovery quality in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8914-5702","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mahdi","family":"Kahrom","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8090-2420","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kheizaran","family":"Miri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Neda Ghlichi","family":"Moghaddam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7981-3917","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Seyyed Reza","family":"Mazloum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3832-5022","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fatemeh","family":"Hajiabadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"3616_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Liu, A., Lin, J., Ma, H.et al.The mortality of ischemic heart disease attributable to temperature variability: findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021.BMC Cardiovasc Disord25, 687 (2025). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12872-025-05096-7","DOI":"10.1186\/s12872-025-05096-7"},{"issue":"1","key":"3616_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2017.04.052","volume":"70","author":"GA Roth","year":"2017","unstructured":"Roth GA, Johnson C, Abajobir A, Abd-Allah F, Abera SF, Abyu G, Ahmed M, Aksut B, Alam T, Alam K. Global, regional, and National burden of cardiovascular diseases for 10 causes, 1990 to 2015. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2017;70(1):1\u201325.","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"3616_CR3","first-page":"0","volume":"16","author":"M Talaei","year":"2013","unstructured":"Talaei M, Sarrafzadegan N, Sadeghi M, Oveisgharan S, Marshall T, Thomas GN, Iranipour R. Incidence of cardiovascular diseases in an Iranian population: the Isfahan cohort study. Arch Iran Med. 2013;16(3):0\u20130.","journal-title":"Arch Iran Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"3616_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0006256","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0006256","volume":"12","author":"MH Rabiee","year":"2018","unstructured":"Rabiee MH, Mahmoudi A, Siahsarvie R, Kry\u0161tufek B, Mostafavi E. Rodent-borne diseases and their public health importance in Iran. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2018;12(4):e0006256.","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"3616_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2261-7-32","volume":"7","author":"Z Hatmi","year":"2007","unstructured":"Hatmi Z, Tahvildari S, Gafarzadeh Motlag A, Sabouri Kashani A. Prevalence of coronary artery disease risk factors in iran: a population based survey. BMC Cardiovasc Disord. 2007;7:1\u20135.","journal-title":"BMC Cardiovasc Disord"},{"key":"3616_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-5273(15)31026-3","volume":"201","author":"S Bansilal","year":"2015","unstructured":"Bansilal S, Castellano JM, Fuster V. Global burden of CVD: focus on secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease. Int J Cardiol. 2015;201:S1\u20137.","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"3616_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12872-023-03163-5","volume":"23","author":"M Nomali","year":"2023","unstructured":"Nomali M, Ayati A, Tayebi A, Heidari ME, Moghaddam K, Mosallami S, et al. Type 2 diabetes mellitus and in-hospital major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (MACCEs) and postoperative complications among patients undergoing on-pump isolated coronary artery bypass surgery in Northeastern Iran. BMC Cardiovasc Disord. 2023;23(1):1\u201311.","journal-title":"BMC Cardiovasc Disord"},{"issue":"6","key":"3616_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"592","DOI":"10.1136\/hrt.58.6.592","volume":"58","author":"K Airaksinen","year":"1987","unstructured":"Airaksinen K, Ik\u00e4heimo M, Linnaluoto M, Niemel\u00e4 M, Takkunen J. Impaired vagal heart rate control in coronary artery disease. Heart. 1987;58(6):592\u20137.","journal-title":"Heart"},{"issue":"4","key":"3616_CR9","first-page":"e18","volume":"123","author":"VL Roger","year":"2011","unstructured":"Roger VL, Go AS, Lloyd-Jones DM, Adams RJ, Berry JD, Brown TM, Carnethon MR, Dai S, De Simone G, Ford ES. Heart disease and stroke statistics\u20142011 update: a report from the American heart association. Circulation. 2011;123(4):e18\u2013209.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"1","key":"3616_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.128.1.363","volume":"128","author":"TD Keenan","year":"2005","unstructured":"Keenan TD, Abu-Omar Y, Taggart DP. Bypassing the pump: changing practices in coronary artery surgery. Chest. 2005;128(1):363\u20139.","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"3","key":"3616_CR11","first-page":"77","volume":"4","author":"N Safaie","year":"2012","unstructured":"Safaie N, Jodati AR, Raoofi M, Khalili M. Depression in coronary artery disease. J Cardiovasc Thorac Res. 2012;4(3):77.","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Thorac Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"3616_CR12","first-page":"603","volume":"129","author":"T Dehdari","year":"2009","unstructured":"Dehdari T, Heidarnia A, Ramezankhani A, Sadeghian S, Ghofranipour F. Effects of progressive muscular relaxation training on quality of life in anxious patients after coronary artery bypass graft surgery. Indian J Med Res. 2009;129(5):603\u20138.","journal-title":"Indian J Med Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"3616_CR14","first-page":"132","volume":"17","author":"F Raygan","year":"2013","unstructured":"Raygan F, Taghadosi M, Rajabi-Moghadam H, Hoseini A, Moravveji SA. Effect of a cardiac rehabilitation program on clinical and paraclinical findings of patients with ischemic heart disease. KAUMS J (FEYZ). 2013;17(2):132\u20138.","journal-title":"KAUMS J (FEYZ)"},{"issue":"10","key":"3616_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"586","DOI":"10.1038\/nrcardio.2014.98","volume":"11","author":"K Turk-Adawi","year":"2014","unstructured":"Turk-Adawi K, Sarrafzadegan N, Grace SL. Global availability of cardiac rehabilitation. Nat Rev Cardiol. 2014;11(10):586\u201396.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Cardiol"},{"key":"3616_CR16","unstructured":"Brunner LS. Brunner & Suddarth\u2019s textbook of medical-surgical nursing. Volume 1. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2010."},{"issue":"6","key":"3616_CR17","first-page":"521","volume":"11","author":"AGD Assis GAd, Corr\u00eaa","year":"2016","unstructured":"Assis GAd, Corr\u00eaa AGD, Martins MBR, Pedrozo WG, Lopes RD. An augmented reality system for upper-limb post-stroke motor rehabilitation: a feasibility study. Disabil Rehabilitation: Assist Technol. 2016;11(6):521\u20138.","journal-title":"Disabil Rehabilitation: Assist Technol"},{"key":"3616_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Heimo OI, Kimppa KK, Helle S, Korkalainen T, Lehtonen T. Augmented reality-Towards an ethical fantasy? In: 2014 IEEE international symposium on ethics in science, technology and engineering: 2014: IEEE; 2014: 1\u20137.","DOI":"10.1109\/ETHICS.2014.6893423"},{"issue":"6","key":"3616_CR19","first-page":"95","volume":"2","author":"F Jafarkhani","year":"2016","unstructured":"Jafarkhani F, Jamebozorg Z. Effects of augmented reality on developing self-skills of students with autism. Technol Instruction Learn. 2016;2(6):95\u2013108.","journal-title":"Technol Instruction Learn"},{"issue":"1","key":"3616_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.bja.a013366","volume":"84","author":"P Myles","year":"2000","unstructured":"Myles P, Weitkamp B, Jones K, Melick J, Hensen S. Validity and reliability of a postoperative quality of recovery score: the QoR-40. Br J Anaesth. 2000;84(1):11\u20135.","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"key":"3616_CR21","unstructured":"Mazlom SR, Esmaily H, Nezafati MH, Hajiabadi F. Relationship between post operative quality of recovery after 72\u00a0h and quality of life 3 month after coronary by pass. Life Science Journal 2013, 10(6s)."},{"issue":"2","key":"3616_CR22","first-page":"145","volume":"5","author":"P Intarakamhang","year":"2013","unstructured":"Intarakamhang P, Intarakamhang U. Effects of the comprehensive cardiac rehabilitation program on psychological factors and quality of life among coronary heart disease patients. Glob J Health Sci. 2013;5(2):145.","journal-title":"Glob J Health Sci"},{"key":"3616_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ma C, Wang B, Zhao X, Fu F, Zheng L, Li G, et al. Wechat-based educationand rehabilitation program in unprotected left main coronary artery disease patients aftercoronary artery bypass grafting: an effective approach in reducing anxiety, depression, lossto follow-up, and improving quality of life. Braz J Med Biol Res. 2021.","DOI":"10.1590\/1414-431x202010370"},{"issue":"6","key":"3616_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E19","DOI":"10.1097\/HCR.0000000000000431","volume":"39","author":"M Zanini","year":"2019","unstructured":"Zanini M, Nery RM, de Lima JB, Buhler RP, da Silveira AD, Stein R. Effects of different rehabilitation protocols in inpatient cardiac rehabilitation after coronary artery bypass graft surgery: a randomized clinical trial. J Cardiopulm Rehabil Prev. 2019;39(6):E19\u201325.","journal-title":"J Cardiopulm Rehabil Prev"},{"key":"3616_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1007\/s11845-019-02129-x","volume":"189","author":"L Ma","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ma L, Deng L, Yu H. The effects of a comprehensive rehabilitation and intensive education program on anxiety, depression, quality of life, and major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events in unprotected left main coronary artery disease patients who underwent coronary artery bypass grafting. Ir J Med Sci (1971-). 2020;189:477\u201388.","journal-title":"Ir J Med Sci (1971-)"},{"issue":"2","key":"3616_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.2340\/16501977-2499","volume":"51","author":"IE H\u00f8jskov","year":"2019","unstructured":"H\u00f8jskov IE, Moons P, Egerod I, Olsen PS, Thygesen LC, Hansen NV, La Cour S, Bech KH, Borregaard B, Gluud C. Early physical and psycho-educational rehabilitation in patients with coronary artery bypass grafting: A randomized controlled trial. J Rehabil Med. 2019;51(2):136\u201343.","journal-title":"J Rehabil Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"3616_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e34501","DOI":"10.2196\/34501","volume":"10","author":"J Eves","year":"2022","unstructured":"Eves J, Sudarsanam A, Shalhoub J, Amiras D. Augmented reality in vascular and endovascular surgery: scoping review. JMIR Serious Games. 2022;10(3):e34501.","journal-title":"JMIR Serious Games"},{"issue":"1","key":"3616_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"936","DOI":"10.1186\/s13018-023-04367-3","volume":"18","author":"L Wang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wang L, Chen X, Deng Q, You M, Xu Y, Liu D, Lin Y, Li P, Li J. Effectiveness of a digital rehabilitation program based on computer vision and augmented reality for isolated meniscus injury: protocol for a prospective randomized controlled trial. J Orthop Surg Res. 2023;18(1):936.","journal-title":"J Orthop Surg Res"},{"issue":"6","key":"3616_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2987","DOI":"10.3390\/s23062987","volume":"23","author":"A Denche-Zamorano","year":"2023","unstructured":"Denche-Zamorano A, Rodriguez-Redondo Y, Barrios-Fernandez S, Mendoza-Mu\u00f1oz M, Castillo-Paredes A, Rojo-Ramos J, et al. Rehabilitation is the main topic in virtual and augmented reality and physical activity research: a bibliometric analysis. Sensors. 2023;23(6):2987.","journal-title":"Sensors"}],"container-title":["Journal of Cardiothoracic Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13019-025-03616-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s13019-025-03616-2\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13019-025-03616-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,24]],"date-time":"2025-10-24T09:56:57Z","timestamp":1761299817000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/cardiothoracicsurgery.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s13019-025-03616-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,24]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["3616"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13019-025-03616-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["1749-8090"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1749-8090","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,24]]},"assertion":[{"value":"28 January 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"17 September 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"24 October 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The research was approved by the Research Ethics Committees of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran (no. IR.MUMS.NURSE.REC.1398.077), and registered in the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials with the code IRCT20200203046361N1. An official permission was obtained from hospital administrators to conduct the study. Informed consent was obtained from all subjects. Anonymity and confidentiality were assured through coding the data. Participants were assured that their participation was voluntary and they could withdraw from the study at any time without any penalty. All methods were performed in accordance with the relevant guidelines and regulations, which are aligned with the Declaration.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"387"}}