{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,27]],"date-time":"2026-05-27T01:03:37Z","timestamp":1779843817191,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,27]],"date-time":"2026-05-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779840000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,27]],"date-time":"2026-05-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779840000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Cardiothorac Surg"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s13019-026-04009-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,27]],"date-time":"2026-05-27T00:27:38Z","timestamp":1779841658000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Preoperative and intraoperative risk factors for impaired pulmonary oxygenation after cardiopulmonary bypass: a single-center retrospective analysis"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Tatsuya","family":"Horibe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yohei","family":"Uchino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kenyu","family":"Hashimoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Takaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kosuke","family":"Nakata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takafumi","family":"Hirota","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hideaki","family":"Hidaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takashi","family":"Yoshinaga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Toshihiro","family":"Fukui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"4009_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"889","DOI":"10.1007\/s00408-020-00405-7","volume":"198","author":"TG Tanner","year":"2020","unstructured":"Tanner TG, Colvin MO. Pulmonary Complications of Cardiac Surgery. Lung. 2020;198:889\u201396.","journal-title":"Lung"},{"key":"4009_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"753","DOI":"10.12998\/wjcc.v10.i3.753","volume":"10","author":"XM Zheng","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zheng XM, Yang Z, Yang GL, Huang Y, Peng JR, Wu MJ. Lung injury after cardiopulmonary bypass: Alternative treatment prospects. World J Clin Cases. 2022;10:753\u201361.","journal-title":"World J Clin Cases"},{"key":"4009_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-8191.2009.00823.x","volume":"25","author":"E Apostolakis","year":"2010","unstructured":"Apostolakis E, Filos KS, Koletsis E, Dougenis D. Lung dysfunction following cardiopulmonary bypass. J Card Surg. 2010;25:47\u201355.","journal-title":"J Card Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"4009_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gheart.2018.08.002","volume":"13","author":"P Zilla","year":"2018","unstructured":"Zilla P, Yacoub M, Z\u00fchlke L, Beyersdorf F, Sliwa K, Khubulava G, et al. Global Unmet Needs in Cardiac Surgery. Glob Heart. 2018;13(4):293\u2013303.","journal-title":"Glob Heart"},{"issue":"5","key":"4009_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.4037\/ajcc2004.13.5.384","volume":"13","author":"R Wynne","year":"2004","unstructured":"Wynne R, Botti M. Postoperative pulmonary dysfunction in adults after cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass: Clinical significance and implications for practice. Am J Crit Care. 2004;13(5):384\u201393.","journal-title":"Am J Crit Care"},{"issue":"2","key":"4009_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2015.04.002","volume":"29","author":"JL Huffmyer","year":"2015","unstructured":"Huffmyer JL, Groves DS. Pulmonary complications of cardiopulmonary bypass. Best Pract Res Clin Anaesthesiol. 2015;29(2):163\u201375.","journal-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Anaesthesiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"4009_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1338","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0b013e3181fc6e0a","volume":"113","author":"J Canet","year":"2010","unstructured":"Canet J, Gallart L, Gomar C, Paluzie G, Vall\u00e8s J, Castillo J, et al. Prediction of postoperative pulmonary complications in a population-based surgical cohort. Anesthesiology. 2010;113(6):1338\u201350.","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"issue":"2","key":"4009_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-200008000-00015","volume":"232","author":"AM Arozullah","year":"2000","unstructured":"Arozullah AM, Daley J, Henderson WG, Khuri SF. Multifactorial risk index for predicting postoperative respiratory failure in men after major noncardiac surgery. The National Veterans Administration Surgical Quality Improvement Program. Ann Surg. 2000;232(2):242\u201353.","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"issue":"7","key":"4009_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"698","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2017.21907","volume":"319","author":"E Fan","year":"2018","unstructured":"Fan E, Brodie D, Slutsky AS. Acute respiratory distress syndrome advances in diagnosis and treatment. JAMA. 2018;319(7):698\u2013710.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"3","key":"4009_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1238","DOI":"10.1177\/0300060517746841","volume":"46","author":"KY Rhee","year":"2018","unstructured":"Rhee KY, Sung TY, Kim JD, Kang H, Mohamad N, Kim TY. High-dose ulinastatin improves postoperative oxygenation in patients undergoing aortic valve surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass: A retrospective study. J Int Med Res. 2018;46(3):1238\u201348.","journal-title":"J Int Med Res"},{"issue":"15","key":"4009_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3262","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10153262","volume":"10","author":"T Murata","year":"2021","unstructured":"Murata T, Maeda M, Amitani R, Hiromoto A, Shirakawa M, Kambe M, et al. Postoperative Changes in Pulmonary Function after Valve Surgery: Oxygenation Index Early after Cardiopulmonary Is a Predictor of Postoperative Course. J Clin Med. 2021;10(15):3262.","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"4009_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"892","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.127.3.892","volume":"127","author":"GW Staton","year":"2005","unstructured":"Staton GW, Williams WH, Mahoney EM, Hu J, Chu H, Duke PG, et al. Pulmonary outcomes of off-pump vs on-pump coronary artery bypass surgery in a randomized trial. Chest. 2005;127(3):892\u2013901.","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"1","key":"4009_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/S1010-7940(00)00438-3","volume":"18","author":"DP Taggart","year":"2000","unstructured":"Taggart DP. Respiratory dysfunction after cardiac surgery: effects of avoiding cardiopulmonary bypass and the use of bilateral internal mammary arteries. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg. 2000;18(1):31\u20137.","journal-title":"Eur J Cardiothorac Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"4009_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-4975(99)01196-0","volume":"69","author":"CM Cox","year":"2000","unstructured":"Cox CM, Ascione R, Cohen AM, Davies IM, Ryder IG, Angelini GD. Effect of cardiopulmonary bypass on pulmonary gas exchange: a prospective randomized study. Ann Thorac Surg. 2000;69(1):140\u20135.","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"issue":"5","key":"4009_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"506","DOI":"10.1053\/jcan.2000.9488","volume":"14","author":"YG Weiss","year":"2000","unstructured":"Weiss YG, Merin G, Koganov E, Ribo A, Oppenheim-Eden A, Medalion B, et al. Postcardiopulmonary bypass hypoxemia: a prospective study on incidence, risk factors, and clinical significance. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth. 2000;14(5):506\u201313.","journal-title":"J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth"},{"issue":"4","key":"4009_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e93992","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0093992","volume":"9","author":"M Ranucci","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ranucci M, Ballotta A, La Rovere MT, Castelvecchio S, Surgical and Clinical Outcome Research (SCORE) Group. Postoperative hypoxia and length of intensive care unit stay after cardiac surgery: the underweight paradox? PLoS ONE. 2014;9(4):e93992.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"2","key":"4009_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.3390\/biom10020291","volume":"10","author":"IK Kwaifa","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kwaifa IK, Bahari H, Yong YK, Md Noor S. Endothelial Dysfunction in Obesity-Induced Inflammation: Molecular Mechanisms and Clinical Implications. Biomolecules. 2020;10(2):291.","journal-title":"Biomolecules"},{"issue":"8","key":"4009_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1089\/jir.2023.0044","volume":"43","author":"D Zhao","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhao D, Yang R, Liu S, Ge D, Su X. Study on the Characteristics of Early Cytokine Storm Response to Cardiac Surgery. J Interferon Cytokine Res. 2023;43(8):351\u20138.","journal-title":"J Interferon Cytokine Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"4009_CR19","first-page":"e22711","volume":"14","author":"D Khanna","year":"2022","unstructured":"Khanna D, Khanna S, Khanna P, Kahar P, Patel BM. Obesity: A Chronic Low-Grade Inflammation and Its Markers. Cureus. 2022;14(2):e22711.","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"issue":"7","key":"4009_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"864","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.121.318061","volume":"128","author":"P Boutouyrie","year":"2021","unstructured":"Boutouyrie P, Chowienczyk P, Humphrey JD, Mitchell GF. Arterial Stiffness and Cardiovascular Risk in Hypertension. Circ Res. 2021;128(7):864\u201386.","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"4009_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-019-2418-5","volume":"23","author":"NAM Dekker","year":"2019","unstructured":"Dekker NAM, van Leeuwen ALI, van Strien WWJ, Majol\u00e9e J, Szulcek R, Vonk ABA, et al. Microcirculatory perfusion disturbances following cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass are associated with in vitro endothelial hyperpermeability and increased angiopoietin-2 levels. Crit Care. 2019;23(1):117.","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"issue":"3","key":"4009_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.14740\/jocmr2050w","volume":"7","author":"P Palmiero","year":"2014","unstructured":"Palmiero P, Zito A, Maiello M, Cameli M, Modesti PA, Muiesan ML, et al. Left Ventricular Diastolic Function in Hypertension: Methodological Considerations and Clinical Implications. J Clin Med Res. 2014;7(3):137\u201344.","journal-title":"J Clin Med Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"4009_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1186\/1465-9921-14-6","volume":"14","author":"S Farha","year":"2013","unstructured":"Farha S, Laskowski D, George D, Park MM, Tang WHW, Dweik RA, et al. Loss of alveolar membrane diffusing capacity and pulmonary capillary blood volume in pulmonary arterial hypertension. Respir Res. 2013;14(1):6.","journal-title":"Respir Res"},{"issue":"16","key":"4009_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1651","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2012.13730","volume":"308","author":"A Serpa Neto","year":"2012","unstructured":"Serpa Neto A, Cardoso SO, Manetta JA, Pereira VGM, Esp\u00f3sito DC, Pasqualucci MOP, et al. Association between use of lung-protective ventilation with lower tidal volumes and clinical outcomes among patients without acute respiratory distress syndrome. JAMA. 2012;308(16):1651\u20139.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"19","key":"4009_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"380","DOI":"10.21037\/atm.2018.06.08","volume":"6","author":"E Bignami","year":"2018","unstructured":"Bignami E, Saglietti F, Di Lullo A. Mechanical ventilation management during cardiothoracic surgery: an open challenge. Ann Transl Med. 2018;6(19):380.","journal-title":"Ann Transl Med"},{"issue":"12","key":"4009_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e6454","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000006454","volume":"96","author":"D Chi","year":"2017","unstructured":"Chi D, Chan C, Shi Y, Wang W, Ma Y, Zhou R, et al. Ventilation during cardiopulmonary bypass for prevention of respiratory insufficiency: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Med (Baltim). 2017;96(12):e6454.","journal-title":"Med (Baltim)"},{"issue":"5","key":"4009_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R100","DOI":"10.1186\/cc6117","volume":"11","author":"MR Lopes","year":"2007","unstructured":"Lopes MR, Oliveira MA, Pereira VOS, Lemos IPB, Auler JOC Jr, Michard F. Goal-directed fluid management based on pulse pressure variation during high-risk surgery: A pilot randomized controlled trial. Crit Care. 2007;11(5):R100.","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"issue":"2","key":"4009_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.3325\/cmj.2014.55.138","volume":"55","author":"T Zah-Bogovi\u0107","year":"2014","unstructured":"Zah-Bogovi\u0107 T, Mesari\u0107 J, Hraba\u0107 P, Majeri\u0107-Kogler V. Possible transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI) in cardiac surgery patients. Croat Med J. 2014;55(2):138\u201345.","journal-title":"Croat Med J"},{"key":"4009_CR29","first-page":"4836862","volume":"2020","author":"V Koc","year":"2020","unstructured":"Koc V, Delmas Benito L, de With E, Boerma EC. The Effect of Fluid Overload on Attributable Morbidity after Cardiac Surgery: A Retrospective Study. Crit Care Res Pract. 2020;2020:4836862.","journal-title":"Crit Care Res Pract"},{"key":"4009_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2261-9-15","volume":"9","author":"JF Vodoz","year":"2009","unstructured":"Vodoz JF, Cottin V, Gl\u00e9rant JC, Derumeaux G, Khouatra C, Blanchet AS, et al. Right-to-left shunt with hypoxemia in pulmonary hypertension. BMC Cardiovasc Disord. 2009;9:15.","journal-title":"BMC Cardiovasc Disord"},{"issue":"9","key":"4009_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1249","DOI":"10.5551\/jat.RV22021","volume":"31","author":"H Isago","year":"2024","unstructured":"Isago H. The Association between Dyslipidemia and Pulmonary Diseases. J Atheroscler Thromb. 2024;31(9):1249\u201359.","journal-title":"J Atheroscler Thromb"},{"issue":"10","key":"4009_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2717","DOI":"10.3390\/cells10102717","volume":"10","author":"M Mihalj","year":"2021","unstructured":"Mihalj M, Heinisch PP, Huber M, Schefold JC, Hartmann A, Walter M, et al. Effect of Perioperative Lipid Status on Clinical Outcomes after Cardiac Surgery. Cells. 2021;10(10):2717.","journal-title":"Cells"}],"container-title":["Journal of Cardiothoracic Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13019-026-04009-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s13019-026-04009-9","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13019-026-04009-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,27]],"date-time":"2026-05-27T00:27:39Z","timestamp":1779841659000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1186\/s13019-026-04009-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,27]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["4009"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13019-026-04009-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["1749-8090"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1749-8090","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,27]]},"assertion":[{"value":"16 June 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"5 April 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"27 May 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Kumamoto University Hospital (Approval No. 3040).","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"258"}}