{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T15:47:07Z","timestamp":1791820027506,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]],"date-time":"2026-06-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781049600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786924800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":68,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Cardiothorac Surg"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s13019-026-04294-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]],"date-time":"2026-06-10T16:16:38Z","timestamp":1781108198000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Development and validation of a predictive model for postoperative complications in thymoma patients"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Zhendong","family":"Lu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fangchao","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dongjie","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinghui","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Teng","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongyun","family":"Ruan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]]},"reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"4294_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"562","DOI":"10.6004\/jnccn.2013.0072","volume":"11","author":"DS Ettinger","year":"2013","unstructured":"Ettinger DS, Riely GJ, Akerley W, Borghaei H, Chang AC, Cheney RT, Chirieac LR, D\u2019Amico TA, Demmy TL, Govindan R, et al. Thymomas and thymic carcinomas: Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology. J Natl Compr Cancer Network: JNCCN. 2013;11(5):562\u201376.","journal-title":"J Natl Compr Cancer Network: JNCCN"},{"key":"4294_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7189\/jogh.14.04014","volume":"14","author":"TY Gao","year":"2024","unstructured":"Gao TY, Tao YT, Li HY, Liu X, Ma YT, Li HJ, et al. Cancer burden and risk in the Chinese population aged 55 years and above: a systematic analysis and comparison with the USA and Western Europe. J Glob Health. 2024;14:04014.","journal-title":"J Glob Health"},{"issue":"5","key":"4294_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1647","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2016.04.026","volume":"102","author":"MK Kamel","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kamel MK, Stiles BM, Ghaly G, Rahouma M, Nasar A, Port JL, et al. Predictors of pleural implants in patients with thymic tumors. Ann Thorac Surg. 2016;102(5):1647\u201352.","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"issue":"5","key":"4294_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1599","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2013.10.053","volume":"147","author":"B Ye","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ye B, Tantai JC, Ge XX, Li W, Feng J, Cheng M, et al. Surgical techniques for early-stage thymoma: video-assisted thoracoscopic thymectomy versus transsternal thymectomy. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2014;147(5):1599\u2013603.","journal-title":"J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"4294_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0030-1271010","volume":"60","author":"M Ried","year":"2012","unstructured":"Ried M, Guth H, Potzger T, Diez C, Neu R, Schalke B, et al. Surgical resection of thymoma still represents the first choice of treatment. Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2012;60(2):145\u20139.","journal-title":"Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"issue":"7","key":"4294_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2541","DOI":"10.1007\/s13304-024-01918-z","volume":"76","author":"G Kocaman","year":"2024","unstructured":"Kocaman G, Kayi Cangir A. Early stage thymoma and the surgical extent paradigm. Updates Surg. 2024;76(7):2541\u20137.","journal-title":"Updates Surg"},{"key":"4294_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jss.2022.03.020","volume":"277","author":"H Ruan","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ruan H, Lin S, Liu F, Zhao C, Gong C, Li Y, Wang J, Yang X. Key Factors Associated With Administration of Ventilator Support After Thymoma Resection. J Surg Res. 2022;277:67\u201375.","journal-title":"J Surg Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"4294_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.1186\/s13104-023-06610-w","volume":"16","author":"AA Huang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Huang AA, Huang SY. Covariate dependent Markov chains constructed with gradient boost modeling can effectively generate long-term predictions of obesity trends. BMC Res Notes. 2023;16(1):346.","journal-title":"BMC Res Notes"},{"key":"4294_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.saa.2021.120652","volume":"268","author":"J Cheng","year":"2022","unstructured":"Cheng J, Sun J, Yao K, Xu M, Cao Y. A variable selection method based on mutual information and variance inflation factor. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc. 2022;268:120652.","journal-title":"Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc"},{"issue":"1","key":"4294_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1007\/s00384-023-04331-x","volume":"38","author":"Z Wang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wang Z, Liu Q. Development of novel prediction models for nodal and distant metastasis in G1 and G2 colorectal neuroendocrine tumors. Int J Colorectal Dis. 2023;38(1):37.","journal-title":"Int J Colorectal Dis"},{"key":"4294_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2022.845334","volume":"12","author":"Y Liu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Liu Y, Ye F, Wang Y, Zheng X, Huang Y, Zhou J. Elaboration and validation of a nomogram based on axillary ultrasound and tumor clinicopathological features to predict axillary lymph node metastasis in patients with breast cancer. Front Oncol. 2022;12:845334.","journal-title":"Front Oncol"},{"issue":"12","key":"4294_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1844","DOI":"10.1212\/01.WNL.0000032502.89361.0C","volume":"59","author":"A Evoli","year":"2002","unstructured":"Evoli A, Minisci C, Di Schino C, et al. Thymoma in patients with MG: characteristics and long-term outcome. Neurology. 2002;59(12):1844\u201350.","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"3","key":"4294_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.omtm.2025.101553","volume":"33","author":"P Mercier-Letondal","year":"2025","unstructured":"Mercier-Letondal P, Marton C, Royer B, et al. Beneficial effect of resveratrol on T cell oxidative metabolism and anti-tumor function is conditioned by prior in vivo T cell history. Mol Ther Methods Clin Dev. 2025;33(3):101553.","journal-title":"Mol Ther Methods Clin Dev"},{"issue":"12","key":"4294_CR14","first-page":"1959","volume":"30","author":"M Tsurusaki","year":"2003","unstructured":"Tsurusaki M, Mimura F, Sugihara R, Okada M. [A case of advanced thymic cancer successfully treated with neoadjuvant intra-arterial infusion chemotherapy]. Gan To Kagaku Ryoho. 2003;30(12):1959\u201362.","journal-title":"Gan To Kagaku Ryoho"},{"key":"4294_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijscr.2017.07.028","volume":"39","author":"VG Di Crescenzo","year":"2017","unstructured":"Di Crescenzo VG, Napolitano F, Panico C, Di Crescenzo RM, Zeppa P, Vatrella A, et al. Surgical approach in thymectomy: our experience and review of the literature. Int J Surg Case Rep. 2017;39:19\u201324.","journal-title":"Int J Surg Case Rep"},{"issue":"8","key":"4294_CR16","first-page":"1246","volume":"124","author":"XY Chu","year":"2011","unstructured":"Chu XY, Xue ZQ, Wang RW, Tan QY. Predictors of postoperative myasthenic crisis in patients with myasthenia gravis after thymectomy. Chin Med J. 2011;124(8):1246\u201350.","journal-title":"Chin Med J"},{"issue":"4","key":"4294_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"692","DOI":"10.1093\/ejcts\/ezx163","volume":"52","author":"L Xue","year":"2017","unstructured":"Xue L, Wang L, Dong J, Yuan Y, Fan H, Zhang Y, Wang Q, Ding J. Risk factors of myasthenic crisis after thymectomy for thymoma patients with myasthenia gravis. Eur J cardio-thoracic surgery: official J Eur Association Cardio-thoracic Surg. 2017;52(4):692\u20137.","journal-title":"Eur J cardio-thoracic surgery: official J Eur Association Cardio-thoracic Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"4294_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e76","DOI":"10.1093\/ejcts\/ezt641","volume":"45","author":"G Leuzzi","year":"2014","unstructured":"Leuzzi G, Meacci E, Cusumano G, Cesario A, Chiappetta M, Dall\u2019armi V, et al. Thymectomy in Myasthenia Gravis: proposal for a predictive score of postoperative myasthenic crisis. Eur J Cardio-Thorac Surg. 2014;45(4):e76-88.","journal-title":"Eur J Cardio-Thorac Surg"},{"key":"4294_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijscr.2016.08.010","volume":"27","author":"N Kurihara","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kurihara N, Saito H, Nanjo H, Konno H, Atari M, Saito Y, et al. Thymic carcinoma with Myasthenia Gravis: two case reports. Int J Surg Case Rep. 2016;27:110\u20132.","journal-title":"Int J Surg Case Rep"},{"issue":"3","key":"4294_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nmd.2020.12.004","volume":"31","author":"NE Gilhus","year":"2021","unstructured":"Gilhus NE. Physical training and exercise in Myasthenia Gravis. Neuromuscul Dis. 2021;31(3):169\u201373.","journal-title":"Neuromuscul Dis"},{"issue":"9","key":"4294_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"554","DOI":"10.3816\/CLC.2007.n.042","volume":"8","author":"L Greillier","year":"2007","unstructured":"Greillier L, Thomas P, Loundou A, Doddoli C, Badier M, Auquier P, et al. Pulmonary function tests as a predictor of quantitative and qualitative outcomes after thoracic surgery for lung cancer. Clin Lung Cancer. 2007;8(9):554\u201361.","journal-title":"Clin Lung Cancer"},{"issue":"1","key":"4294_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6117","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-56593-2","volume":"14","author":"T Kim","year":"2024","unstructured":"Kim T, Jeon YJ, Lee H, Kim TH, Park SY, Kang D, Hong YS, Lee G, Lee J, Shin S, et al. Preoperative DLco and FEV(1) are correlated with postoperative pulmonary complications in patients after esophagectomy. Sci Rep. 2024;14(1):6117.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"5","key":"4294_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.55095\/achot2015\/054","volume":"82","author":"M Neumaier","year":"2015","unstructured":"Neumaier M, Braun KF, Sandmann G, Siebenlist S. C-reactive protein in orthopaedic surgery. Acta Chir Orthop Traumatol Cech. 2015;82(5):327\u201331.","journal-title":"Acta Chir Orthop Traumatol Cech"},{"issue":"12","key":"4294_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3737","DOI":"10.4240\/wjgs.v16.i12.3737","volume":"16","author":"L Zhu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhu L, Cheng J, Xiao F, Mao YY. Effects of comprehensive nutrition support on immune function, wound healing, hospital stay, and mental health in gastrointestinal surgery. World J Gastrointest Surg. 2024;16(12):3737\u201344.","journal-title":"World J Gastrointest Surg"},{"key":"4294_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen HL, Jiang AG, Zhu B, Cai JY, Song YP, The Risk Factors of Postoperative Pressure Ulcer After Liver Resection With Long Surgical Duration, Ma K, Gu Z, Han Y, The application of postoperative chemotherapy in thymic tumors and its prognostic effect. J Thorac Dis. 2016. 8(4): 696\u2013704. [34], Utsumi T, Shiono H, Kadota Y, Postoperative radiation therapy after complete resection of thymoma has little impact on survival. Cancer. 2009. 115(23): 5413-20. [35] Lim, Song YJ, Kim C et al. A Retrospective Study. Wounds: a compendium of clinical research and practice JS. Improved survival with postoperative radiotherapy in thymic carcinoma: A propensity-matched analysis of Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. Lung Cancer. 2017. 108: 161\u2013167.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2017.03.020"}],"container-title":["Journal of Cardiothoracic Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s13019-026-04294-4","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13019-026-04294-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13019-026-04294-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T00:39:51Z","timestamp":1786927191000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1186\/s13019-026-04294-4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]]},"references-count":25,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["4294"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13019-026-04294-4","relation":{},"ISSN":["1749-8090"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1749-8090","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"5 January 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"27 May 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"10 June 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"Approved by the Ethics Committee of Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University (Ethics No: Clinical Research 2019 (85)).Clinical data were extracted from the hospital\u2019s electronic medical records system. publication of such data does not compromise anonymity or confidentiality. Any participants will fully anonymous. The Ethics Committee of Beijing Chest Hospital of Capital Medical University waived the written informed consent of the patients in this study.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Consent for publication","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}],"article-number":"585"}}