{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T22:53:32Z","timestamp":1793141612569,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,28]],"date-time":"2026-06-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782604800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789344000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":78,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Cardiothorac Surg"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Risk factors that classify patients with postoperative air leaks into prolonged-air-leak (PAL, \u2265\u20095 days) and non-PAL populations remain unknown. Our objectives were to identify these risk factors and devise a scoring system to predict whether air leaks observed on postoperative day 1 will progress to PAL.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We conducted a retrospective examination of 329 patients after lung surgery.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Significant factors associated with air leaks included male sex (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.0097), low body mass index (BMI) (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.0016), smoking (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.0076), pack-years (0.0017), predicted vital capacity (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.0053), predicted forced expiratory volume in one second (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.0352), and operative duration (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.0118). Furthermore, in patients with air leaks on the day after surgery, significant factors associated with PAL included low BMI (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.0248), current smoking (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.0054), pack-years (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.005), and significant blood loss (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.0147). Upon classifying the patients on day 1, one point each was allotted for BMI\u2009&lt;\u200923.7, pack-years\u2009\u2265\u200928.5, current smoker, and blood loss\u2009\u2265\u200938\u00a0ml. Depending upon the risk factors present, the rates of PAL observed were 0%, 7.69%, 33.33%, 70.59%, and 83.33% associated with 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4 points, respectively (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>For the first time, we identified risk factors for the onset of postoperative air leakage and PAL.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13019-026-04355-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,28]],"date-time":"2026-06-28T16:54:48Z","timestamp":1782665688000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Factors associated with air leak prolongation observed after lung cancer surgery"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Satoshi","family":"Kamata","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Itaru","family":"Ishida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuyo","family":"Suzuki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hirotoshi","family":"Suzuki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiroyuki","family":"Oura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"4355_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1727","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-4975(02)03531-2","volume":"73","author":"RJ Cerfolio","year":"2002","unstructured":"Cerfolio RJ, Bass CS, Pask AH, Katholi CR. 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