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Si-Wu-Tang (SWT), a traditional Chinese medicine formula used in clinic to treat gynecological disorders for centuries, has been investigated in recent preliminary findings for its role in alleviating chronic liver diseases. Here we aim to elucidate the therapeutic effects and possible mechanisms of SWT against fibrotic liver injury.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      UHPLC-MS\/MS was performed to investigate the chemical characterization of SWT. After intragastrically administered with carbon tetrachloride (CCl\n                      <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                      ) every 3\u00a0days for 1-week, C57BL\/6 mice were orally administered with SWT (5.2, 10.4 and 20.8\u00a0g\/kg) once daily for 3\u00a0weeks along with CCl\n                      <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                      challenge. Liver function was determined by the measurement of serum biomarkers, hematoxylin and eosin (H&amp;E) and Masson\u2019s trichrome staining. Intestinal inflammatory infiltration and the disruption of intestinal barrier were examined by H&amp;E and E-cadherin immunohistochemical staining. The microbial composition of intestinal content was determined by 16S rRNA sequencing. Serum bile acids (BAs) profiling was analyzed by LC\u2013MS\/MS. Simultaneously, the expression of genes of interest was determined by qPCR and western blot.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      SWT exhibited remarkable therapeutic effects on CCl\n                      <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                      -induced liver fibrosis, as indicated by improved collagen accumulation in livers, intestinal barrier injury and hepatic and intestinal inflammatory response. Results of 16S rRNA sequencing revealed that SWT treatment strikingly restructured intestinal microbiota in fibrotic mice by increasing the relative abundances of\n                      <jats:italic>Bacteroides<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>Lachnoclostridium<\/jats:italic>\n                      and decreasing the relative abundances of\n                      <jats:italic>Alistipes<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>Rikenellaceae<\/jats:italic>\n                      . UHPLC-MS\/MS data suggested that SWT altered the composition of BAs in circulation as evidenced by increased unconjugated BAs like cholic acid and chenodeoxycholic acid but decreased conjugated BAs including taurocholic acid and taurodeoxycholic acid, compared to that in CCl\n                      <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                      mice. Notably, SWT efficiently improved the imbalance of BA homeostasis in livers caused by CCl\n                      <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                      via activating farnesoid X receptor (FXR)-fibroblast growth factor 15 enterohepatic and FXR-small heterodimer partner hepatic pathways.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      SWT decreased inflammatory response, reconstructed gut microbiota-mediated BA homeostasis as well as activated FXR pathways, which eventually protected against CCl\n                      <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                      -induced fibrotic liver injury.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13020-021-00524-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,4]],"date-time":"2021-11-04T09:02:23Z","timestamp":1636016543000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["Si-Wu-Tang ameliorates fibrotic liver injury via modulating intestinal microbiota and bile acid homeostasis"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Xiaoyong","family":"Xue","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianzhi","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mingning","family":"Ding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Feng","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fei","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bing","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mingjun","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8997-9651","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiaojiaoyang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,4]]},"reference":[{"issue":"9","key":"524_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"776","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2011.05.010","volume":"9","author":"J Leung","year":"2011","unstructured":"Leung J, Bonis PA, Kaplan MM. 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