{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]],"date-time":"2026-07-02T15:44:40Z","timestamp":1783007080422,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,20]],"date-time":"2021-11-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1637366400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,20]],"date-time":"2021-11-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1637366400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003399","name":"Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["15DZ1900104"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["15DZ1900104"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003399","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003399","name":"Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["19401972300"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["19401972300"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003399","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005891","name":"State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2017-124"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017-124"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005891","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012248","name":"Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Science and Technology and Industrial Development of Jiangxi Traditional Medicine","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012248","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010876","name":"Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010876","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010876","name":"Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010876","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Key Disciplines of Liver and Gall Bladder Diseases and Key Laboratory of Chronic Deficiency Liver Disease of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People\u2019s Republic of China"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Chin Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Weifuchun (WFC), a Chinese herbal prescription consisting of Red Ginseng, Isodon amethystoides and Fructus Aurantii, is commonly used in China to treat a variety of chronic stomach disorders. The aim of the paper was to determine the effect of WFC on intestinal microbiota changes in precancerous lesions of gastric cancer (PLGC) patients.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>PLGC patients of <jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic> negative were randomly divided into two groups and received either WFC tablets for a dose of 1.44\u00a0g three times a day or vitacoenzyme (Vit) tablets for a dose of 0.8\u00a0g three times a day. All patients were treated for 6\u00a0months consecutively. Gastroscopy and histopathology were used to assess the histopathological changes in gastric tissues before and after treatment. 16S rRNA gene sequencing was carried out to assess the effects WFC on intestinal microbiota changes in PLGC patients. Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROC) analysis was used to assess the sensitivity and specificity of different intestinal microbiota in distinguishing between PLGC patients and healthy control group.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Gastroscopy and histopathological results indicated that WFC could improve the pathological condition of PLGC patients, especially in the case of atrophy or intestinal metaplasia. The results of 16S rRNA gene sequencing indicated that WFC could regulate microbial diversity, microbial composition, and abundance of the intestinal microbiota of PLGC patients. Following WFC treatment, the relative abundance of <jats:italic>Parabacteroides<\/jats:italic> decreased in WFC group when compared with the Vit group. ROC analysis found that the <jats:italic>Parabacteroides<\/jats:italic> could effectively distinguish PLGC patients from healthy individuals with sensitivity of 0.79 and specificity of 0.8.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>WFC could slow down the progression of PLGC by regulating intestinal microbiota abundance.<\/jats:p>\n                <jats:p><jats:italic>Trial registration<\/jats:italic> NCT03814629. Name of registry: Randomized Clinical Trial: Weifuchun Treatment on Precancerous Lesions of Gastric Cancer. Registered 3 August 2018-Retrospectively registered, <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"https:\/\/register.clinicaltrials.gov\/\">https:\/\/register.clinicaltrials.gov\/<\/jats:ext-link> NCT03814629.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13020-021-00529-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,20]],"date-time":"2021-11-20T12:02:43Z","timestamp":1637409763000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["A correlational study of Weifuchun and its clinical effect on intestinal flora in precancerous lesions of gastric cancer"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"16","clinical-trial-number":[{"clinical-trial-number":"nct03814629","registry":"10.18810\/clinical-trials-gov"}],"author":[{"given":"Yanqin","family":"Bian","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xi","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongyan","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dong","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meiping","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nong","family":"Yuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lu","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bingjie","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chao","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nisma Lena","family":"Bahaji Azami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zheng","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huijun","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yeqing","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kun","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guan","family":"Ye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mingyu","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,20]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"529_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21262","volume":"65","author":"LA Torre","year":"2015","unstructured":"Torre LA, Bray F, Siegel RL, et al. Global cancer statistics, 2012. CA Cancer J Clin. 2015;65(2):87\u2013108.","journal-title":"CA Cancer J Clin"},{"issue":"1","key":"529_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1186\/s40880-018-0293-0","volume":"38","author":"W Wang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Wang W, Sun Z, Deng JY, et al. A novel nomogram individually predicting disease-specific survival after D2 gastrectomy for advanced gastric cancer. Cancer Commun (Lond). 2018;38(1):23.","journal-title":"Cancer Commun (Lond)"},{"key":"529_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smim.2017.08.001","volume":"32","author":"J Chen","year":"2017","unstructured":"Chen J, Domingue JC, Sears CL. Microbiota dysbiosis in select human cancers: evidence of association and causality. Semin Immunol. 2017;32:25\u201334.","journal-title":"Semin Immunol"},{"key":"529_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semcancer.2018.05.003","volume":"55","author":"SH Wong","year":"2019","unstructured":"Wong SH, Kwong T, Wu CY, et al. Clinical applications of gut microbiota in cancer biology. Semin Cancer Biol. 2019;55:28\u201336.","journal-title":"Semin Cancer Biol"},{"issue":"9","key":"529_CR5","first-page":"6016","volume":"11","author":"J Zhang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Zhang J, Wang H. Morroniside protects against chronic atrophic gastritis in rat via inhibiting inflammation and apoptosis. Am J Transl Res. 2019;11(9):6016\u201323.","journal-title":"Am J Transl Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"529_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.21010\/ajtcam.v14i2.16","volume":"14","author":"L Peng","year":"2017","unstructured":"Peng L, Xie YF, Wang CG, et al. Moxibustion alleviates gastric precancerous lesions in rats by promoting cell apoptosis and inhibiting proliferation-related oncogenes. Afr J Tradit Complement Altern Med. 2017;14(2):148\u201360.","journal-title":"Afr J Tradit Complement Altern Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"529_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1007\/s11655-015-2131-4","volume":"22","author":"JH Zeng","year":"2016","unstructured":"Zeng JH, Pan HF, Liu YZ, et al. Effects of Weipixiao (\u80c3\u75de\u6d88) on Wnt pathway-associated proteins in gastric mucosal epithelial cells from rats with gastric precancerous lesions. Chin J Integr Med. 2016;22(4):267\u201375.","journal-title":"Chin J Integr Med"},{"key":"529_CR8","first-page":"77","volume":"47","author":"X Chen","year":"2016","unstructured":"Chen X, Zhao YH, Zhang YQ, Ye G, Sun MY. Clinical applications and modern research progress of Weifuchun. Jiangxi Traditional Chin Med. 2016;47:77\u201380 (In Chinese).","journal-title":"Jiangxi Traditional Chin Med"},{"issue":"33","key":"529_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5389","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v12.i33.5389","volume":"12","author":"HZ Li","year":"2006","unstructured":"Li HZ, Wang H, Wang GQ, et al. Treatment of gastric precancerous lesions with Weiansan. World J Gastroenterol. 2006;12(33):5389\u201392.","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"12","key":"529_CR10","first-page":"1635","volume":"31","author":"Y Li","year":"2011","unstructured":"Li Y, Xu JK, Uu XR. Clinical and pathological study of weiyan serial recipes in the treatment of gastric precancerous lesions. Zhongguo Zhong Xi Yi Jie He Za Zhi. 2011;31(12):1635\u201348.","journal-title":"Zhongguo Zhong Xi Yi Jie He Za Zhi"},{"issue":"4","key":"529_CR11","first-page":"450","volume":"34","author":"X Huang","year":"2014","unstructured":"Huang X, Lu B, Zhang S, et al. Effect of Weifuchun on inhibiting inflammation of Helicobacter pylori-infected GES-1 cells and NF-kappaB signaling pathway. Zhongguo Zhong Xi Yi Jie He Za Zhi. 2014;34(4):450\u20134.","journal-title":"Zhongguo Zhong Xi Yi Jie He Za Zhi"},{"key":"529_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"558471","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2020.558471","volume":"11","author":"H Wang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wang H, Wu R, Xie D, et al. A combined phytochemistry and network pharmacology approach to reveal the effective substances and mechanisms of Wei-Fu-Chun tablet in the treatment of precancerous lesions of gastric cancer. Front Pharmacol. 2020;11:558471.","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"key":"529_CR13","first-page":"829","volume":"36","author":"W Chen","year":"2019","unstructured":"Chen W, Chen WJ, Yang MH. Effect of Wei Fuchun table on gastrointestinal function in functional dyspesia rats. Chin J Modern Appl Pharm. 2019;36:829\u201332 (In Chinese).","journal-title":"Chin J Modern Appl Pharm"},{"key":"529_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2139","DOI":"10.11569\/wcjd.v25.i23.2139","volume":"25","author":"HB Xu","year":"2017","unstructured":"Xu HB, Chen QE, Chen CJ. Effect of matrine combined with Weifuchen tablets on gastric acid secrection in patients with chronic atrophic gastritis. World Chin J Digestol. 2017;25:2139\u201343 (In Chinese).","journal-title":"World Chin J Digestol"},{"issue":"1","key":"529_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0031-1291491","volume":"44","author":"M Dinis-Ribeiro","year":"2012","unstructured":"Dinis-Ribeiro M, Areia M, de Vries AC, et al. Management of precancerous conditions and lesions in the stomach (MAPS): guideline from the European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE), European Helicobacter Study Group (EHSG), European Society of Pathology (ESP), and the Sociedade Portuguesa de Endoscopia Digestiva (SPED). Endoscopy. 2012;44(1):74\u201394.","journal-title":"Endoscopy"},{"issue":"10","key":"529_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1161","DOI":"10.1097\/00000478-199610000-00001","volume":"20","author":"MF Dixon","year":"1996","unstructured":"Dixon MF, Genta RM, Yardley JH, et al. Classification and grading of gastritis. The updated Sydney System. International Workshop on the Histopathology of Gastritis, Houston 1994. Am J Surg Pathol. 1996;20(10):1161\u201381.","journal-title":"Am J Surg Pathol"},{"issue":"5","key":"529_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.f.303","volume":"7","author":"JG Caporaso","year":"2010","unstructured":"Caporaso JG, Kuczynski J, Stombaugh J, et al. QIIME allows analysis of high-throughput community sequencing data. Nat Methods. 2010;7(5):335\u20136.","journal-title":"Nat Methods"},{"key":"529_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e593","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.593","volume":"2","author":"F Mahe","year":"2014","unstructured":"Mahe F, Rognes T, Quince C, et al. Swarm: robust and fast clustering method for amplicon-based studies. PeerJ. 2014;2:e593.","journal-title":"PeerJ"},{"issue":"2","key":"529_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btp636","volume":"26","author":"JG Caporaso","year":"2010","unstructured":"Caporaso JG, Bittinger K, Bushman FD, et al. PyNAST: a flexible tool for aligning sequences to a template alignment. Bioinformatics. 2010;26(2):266\u20137.","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"issue":"1","key":"529_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1186\/s13059-018-1616-9","volume":"20","author":"MEB Hansen","year":"2019","unstructured":"Hansen MEB, Rubel MA, Bailey AG, et al. Population structure of human gut bacteria in a diverse cohort from rural Tanzania and Botswana. Genome Biol. 2019;20(1):16.","journal-title":"Genome Biol"},{"issue":"2","key":"529_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1016\/S0254-6272(13)60006-0","volume":"32","author":"X Deng","year":"2012","unstructured":"Deng X, Liu ZW, Wu FS, et al. A clinical study of weining granules in the treatment of gastric precancerous lesions. J Tradit Chin Med. 2012;32(2):164\u201372.","journal-title":"J Tradit Chin Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"529_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e71","DOI":"10.1093\/ibd\/izy377","volume":"25","author":"S Sitkin","year":"2019","unstructured":"Sitkin S, Pokrotnieks J. Gut microbiota as a host defender and a foe: the 2 faces of commensal bacteroides thetaiotaomicron in inflammatory bowel disease. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2019;25(6):e71.","journal-title":"Inflamm Bowel Dis"},{"issue":"4","key":"529_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"841","DOI":"10.1038\/ismej.2016.176","volume":"11","author":"M Lopez-Siles","year":"2017","unstructured":"Lopez-Siles M, Duncan SH, Garcia-Gil LJ, et al. Faecalibacterium prausnitzii: from microbiology to diagnostics and prognostics. Isme J. 2017;11(4):841\u201352.","journal-title":"Isme J"},{"issue":"2","key":"529_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1038\/nrgastro.2016.4","volume":"13","author":"RE Ley","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ley RE. Gut microbiota in 2015: prevotella in the gut: choose carefully. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2016;13(2):69\u201370.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"issue":"11","key":"529_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2950","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-018-5190-5","volume":"63","author":"O Youssef","year":"2018","unstructured":"Youssef O, Lahti L, Kokkola A, Karla T, Tikkanen M, Ehsan H, et al. Stool microbiota composition differs in patients with stomach, colon, and rectal neoplasms. Dig Dis Sci. 2018;63(11):2950\u20138.","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"529_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2018.12.028","volume":"26","author":"K Wang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Wang K, Liao M, Zhou N, Bao L, Ma K, Zheng Z, et al. Parabacteroides distasonis alleviates obesity and metabolic dysfunctions via production of succinate and secondary bile acids. Cell Rep. 2019;26(1):222\u201335.","journal-title":"Cell Rep"},{"issue":"5","key":"529_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2012.10.012","volume":"12","author":"F B\u00e4ckhed","year":"2012","unstructured":"B\u00e4ckhed F, Fraser CM, Ringel Y, Sanders ME, Sartor RB, Sherman PM, et al. Defining a healthy human gut microbiome: current concepts, future directions, and clinical applications. Cell Host Microbe. 2012;12(5):611\u201322.","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"issue":"1","key":"529_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1462-2920.2011.02585.x","volume":"14","author":"A Shade","year":"2012","unstructured":"Shade A, Handelsman J. Beyond the Venn diagram: the hunt for a core microbiome. Environ Microbiol. 2012;14(1):4\u201312.","journal-title":"Environ Microbiol"},{"key":"529_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2018.12.034","volume":"40","author":"X Liu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Liu X, Shao L, Liu X, Ji F, Mei Y, Cheng Y, et al. Alterations of gastric mucosal microbiota across different stomach microhabitats in a cohort of 276 patients with gastric cancer. EBioMedicine. 2019;40:336\u201348.","journal-title":"EBioMedicine"},{"issue":"4","key":"529_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e12590","DOI":"10.1111\/hel.12590","volume":"24","author":"C He","year":"2019","unstructured":"He C, Peng C, Wang H, Ouyang Y, Zhu Z, Shu X, et al. The eradication of Helicobacter pylori restores rather than disturbs the gastrointestinal microbiota in asymptomatic young adults. Helicobacter. 2019;24(4):e12590.","journal-title":"Helicobacter"},{"issue":"4","key":"529_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers11040504","volume":"11","author":"B Gantuya","year":"2019","unstructured":"Gantuya B, El-Serag HB, Matsumoto T, Ajami NJ, Oyuntsetseg K, Azzaya D, et al. Gastric microbiota in Helicobacter pylori-Negative and -Positive gastritis among high incidence of gastric cancer area. Cancers (Basel). 2019;11(4):504.","journal-title":"Cancers (Basel)"},{"issue":"5","key":"529_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1193","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-018-5411-y","volume":"64","author":"YF Qi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Qi YF, Sun JN, Ren LF, Cao XL, Dong JH, Tao K, et al. Intestinal microbiota is altered in patients with gastric cancer from Shanxi province, China. Dig Dis Sci. 2019;64(5):1193\u2013203.","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"key":"529_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2018.06.006","volume":"224","author":"B Gao","year":"2018","unstructured":"Gao B, Wang R, Peng Y, Li X. Effects of a homogeneous polysaccharide from Sijunzi decoction on human intestinal microbes and short chain fatty acids in vitro. J Ethnopharmacol. 2018;224:465\u201373.","journal-title":"J Ethnopharmacol"},{"key":"529_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.00128-19","author":"M Li","year":"2019","unstructured":"Li M, Bai Y, Zhou J, Huang W, Yan J, Tao J, et al. Core fucosylation of maternal milk N-Glycan evokes b cell activation by selectively promoting the l-Fucose metabolism of gut Bifidobacterium spp. and Lactobacillus spp. MBio. 2019. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/mBio.00128-19.","journal-title":"MBio"},{"issue":"4","key":"529_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1479","DOI":"10.1007\/s00394-015-0966-2","volume":"55","author":"M Bashir","year":"2016","unstructured":"Bashir M, Prietl B, Tauschmann M, Mautner SI, Kump PK, Treiber G, et al. Effects of high doses of vitamin D3 on mucosa-associated gut microbiome vary between regions of the human gastrointestinal tract. Eur J Nutr. 2016;55(4):1479\u201389.","journal-title":"Eur J Nutr"},{"issue":"3","key":"529_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2036.2004.02075.x","volume":"20","author":"G Nardone","year":"2004","unstructured":"Nardone G, Rocco A, Malfertheiner P. Review article: Helicobacter pylori and molecular events in precancerous gastric lesions. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2004;20(3):261\u201370.","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"issue":"6","key":"529_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1424","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v20.i6.1424","volume":"20","author":"AC Cadamuro Cadamuro","year":"2014","unstructured":"Cadamuro Cadamuro AC, Rossi AF, Maniezzo NM, Silva AE. Helicobacter pylori infection: host immune response, implications on gene expression and microRNAs. World J Gastroenterol. 2014;20(6):1424\u201337.","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"12","key":"529_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1085","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1708423","volume":"378","author":"IJ Choi","year":"2018","unstructured":"Choi IJ, Kook MC, Kim YI, Cho SJ, Lee JY, Kim CG, et al. Helicobacter pylori therapy for the prevention of metachronous gastric cancer. N Engl J Med. 2018;378(12):1085\u201395.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"529_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2018.00202","volume":"8","author":"JJ Gao","year":"2018","unstructured":"Gao JJ, Zhang Y, Gerhard M, Mejias-Luque R, Zhang L, Vieth M, et al. Association between gut microbiota and Helicobacter pylori-Related gastric lesions in a High-Risk population of gastric cancer. Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2018;8:202.","journal-title":"Front Cell Infect Microbiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"529_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2016.04.010","volume":"45","author":"LE Wroblewski","year":"2016","unstructured":"Wroblewski LE, Peek RJ, Coburn LA. The role of the microbiome in gastrointestinal cancer. Gastroenterol Clin North Am. 2016;45(3):543\u201356.","journal-title":"Gastroenterol Clin North Am"},{"issue":"6285","key":"529_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"560","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aad3503","volume":"352","author":"G Falony","year":"2016","unstructured":"Falony G, Joossens M, Vieira-Silva S, Wang J, Darzi Y, Faust K, et al. Population-level analysis of gut microbiome variation. Science. 2016;352(6285):560\u20134.","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"7","key":"529_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"909","DOI":"10.1093\/carcin\/bgaa018","volume":"41","author":"GY Koh","year":"2020","unstructured":"Koh GY, Kane AV, Wu X, Crott JW. Parabacteroides distasonis attenuates tumorigenesis, modulates inflammatory markers and promotes intestinal barrier integrity in azoxymethane-treated A\/J mice. Carcinogenesis. 2020;41(7):909\u201317.","journal-title":"Carcinogenesis"},{"issue":"40","key":"529_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10713","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1711235114","volume":"114","author":"E Cekanaviciute","year":"2017","unstructured":"Cekanaviciute E, Yoo BB, Runia TF, Debelius JW, Singh S, Nelson CA, et al. Gut bacteria from multiple sclerosis patients modulate human T cells and exacerbate symptoms in mouse models. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2017;114(40):10713\u20138.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"issue":"2","key":"529_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.28572","volume":"65","author":"CF Del","year":"2017","unstructured":"Del CF, Nobili V, Vernocchi P, Russo A, De Stefanis C, Gnani D, et al. Gut microbiota profiling of pediatric nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and obese patients unveiled by an integrated meta-omics-based approach. Hepatology. 2017;65(2):451\u201364.","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"12","key":"529_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E607","DOI":"10.1002\/oby.20466","volume":"21","author":"FJ Verdam","year":"2013","unstructured":"Verdam FJ, Fuentes S, de Jonge C, Zoetendal EG, Erbil R, Greve JW, et al. Human intestinal microbiota composition is associated with local and systemic inflammation in obesity. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2013;21(12):E607\u201315.","journal-title":"Obesity (Silver Spring)"},{"key":"529_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109482","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2019.109482","volume":"120","author":"Z Liu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Liu Z, Ma Z, Zhang H, et al. Ferulic acid increases intestinal Lactobacillus and improves cardiac function in TAC mice. Biomed Pharmacother. 2019;120:109482.","journal-title":"Biomed Pharmacother"},{"issue":"6","key":"529_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1456","DOI":"10.1038\/ismej.2015.209","volume":"10","author":"LB Bindels","year":"2016","unstructured":"Bindels LB, Neyrinck AM, Claus SP, et al. Synbiotic approach restores intestinal homeostasis and prolongs survival in leukaemic mice with cachexia. ISME J. 2016;10(6):1456\u201370.","journal-title":"ISME J"},{"issue":"6","key":"529_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e37971","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0037971","volume":"7","author":"LB Bindels","year":"2012","unstructured":"Bindels LB, Beck R, Schakman O, et al. Restoring specific lactobacilli levels decreases inflammation and muscle atrophy markers in an acute leukemia mouse model. PLoS ONE. 2012;7(6):e37971.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"6","key":"529_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1014","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2017-315084","volume":"68","author":"Z Ren","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ren Z, Li A, Jiang J, et al. Gut microbiome analysis as a tool towards targeted non-invasive biomarkers for early hepatocellular carcinoma. Gut. 2019;68(6):1014\u201323.","journal-title":"Gut"},{"issue":"24","key":"529_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6267","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20246267","volume":"20","author":"KM Herremans","year":"2019","unstructured":"Herremans KM, Riner AN, Cameron ME, et al. The microbiota and cancer cachexia. Int J Mol Sci. 2019;20(24):6267.","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"issue":"3","key":"529_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2019.1618173","volume":"11","author":"JM Ridlon","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ridlon JM, Devendran S, Alves JM, Doden H, Wolf PG, Pereira GV, et al. The \u201cin vivo lifestyle\u201d of bile acid 7\u03b1-dehydroxylating bacteria: comparative genomics, metatranscriptomic, and bile acid metabolomics analysis of a defined microbial community in gnotobiotic mice. Gut Microbes. 2020;11(3):381\u2013404.","journal-title":"Gut Microbes"},{"issue":"7","key":"529_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1155","DOI":"10.1002\/mc.22999","volume":"58","author":"S Wang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Wang S, Dong W, Liu L, Xu M, Wang Y, Liu T, et al. Interplay between bile acids and the gut microbiota promotes intestinal carcinogenesis. Mol Carcinog. 2019;58(7):1155\u201367.","journal-title":"Mol Carcinog"},{"issue":"10","key":"529_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro3344","volume":"12","author":"P Louis","year":"2014","unstructured":"Louis P, Hold GL, Flint HJ. The gut microbiota, bacterial metabolites and colorectal cancer. Nat Rev Microbiol. 2014;12(10):661\u201372.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Microbiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"529_CR54","first-page":"879","volume":"54","author":"JH Yu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Yu JH, Zheng JB, Qi J, Yang K, Wu YH, Wang K, et al. Bile acids promote gastric intestinal metaplasia by upregulating CDX2 and MUC2 expression via the FXR\/NF-\u03baB signalling pathway. Int J Oncol. 2019;54(3):879\u201392.","journal-title":"Int J Oncol"},{"key":"529_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1038\/s42255-018-0014-7","volume":"1","author":"DG Ryan","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ryan DG, Murphy MP, Frezza C, Prag HA, Chouchani ET, O\u2019Neill LA, et al. Coupling Krebs cycle metabolites to signalling in immunity and cancer. Nat Metab. 2019;1:16\u201333.","journal-title":"Nat Metab"},{"key":"529_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biochi.2017.02.008","volume":"135","author":"K Sajnani","year":"2017","unstructured":"Sajnani K, Islam F, Smith RA, Gopalan V, Lam AK. Genetic alterations in Krebs cycle and its impact on cancer pathogenesis. Biochimie. 2017;135:164\u201372.","journal-title":"Biochimie"},{"key":"529_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/microbiolspec.PSIB-0009-2018","author":"MJ Coyne","year":"2019","unstructured":"Coyne MJ, Comstock LE. Type VI secretion systems and the gut microbiota. Microbiol Spectr. 2019;7(2). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/microbiolspec.PSIB-0009-2018.","journal-title":"Microbiol Spectr"},{"issue":"2","key":"529_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2017-315458","volume":"68","author":"TR Wu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Wu TR, Lin CS, Chang CJ, et al. Gut commensal Parabacteroides goldsteinii plays a predominant role in the anti-obesity effects of polysaccharides isolated from Hirsutella sinensis. Gut. 2019;68(2):248\u201362.","journal-title":"Gut"}],"container-title":["Chinese Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13020-021-00529-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s13020-021-00529-9\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13020-021-00529-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,21]],"date-time":"2021-11-21T00:06:03Z","timestamp":1637453163000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/cmjournal.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s13020-021-00529-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,20]]},"references-count":58,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]}},"alternative-id":["529"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13020-021-00529-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["1749-8546"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1749-8546","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,20]]},"assertion":[{"value":"30 May 2021","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"31 October 2021","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"20 November 2021","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The study was approved by the Ethics Committees of Shuguang Hospital affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (No. 2016-478-29-01) and performed in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. All patients were fully informed of the study and informed consent were obtained from all patients.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"120"}}