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The individual characteristics of different traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) syndromes of NSCLC patients may be revealed by highly specific molecular profiles.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>In this study, 10 NSCLC\u00a0patients with Qi deficiency and Yin deficiency (QDYD) syndrome and 10 patients with Qi deficiency of lung-spleen (QDLS) syndrome in TNM stage III-IV as well as 10 healthy volunteers were enrolled. Aiming at the varied syndromes of NSCLC patients with \u201cYin deficiency\u201d as the main difference, a proteomics research based on data-independent acquisition (DIA) was developed. Of the dysregulated proteins in NSCLC patients, lipid metabolism was significantly enriched. Thereafter, nontargeted lipidomics research based on UPLC-Q-TOF\/MS was performed in 16 patients, with 8 individuals randomly selected from each syndrome group. Furthermore, the considerably different characteristics between the syndromes and pathological mechanisms of NSCLC were screened by statistical and biological integrations of proteomics and lipidomics and the differential metabolic pathways of the two similar syndromes were further explored. Besides, lipids biomarkers were verified by a clinically used anticancer Chinese medicine, and the level of key differential proteins in the two syndromes was also validated using ELISA.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The results showed that glycerophospholipid metabolism, sphingolipid metabolism, glycolipid metabolism, and primary bile acid biosynthesis were altered in NSCLC patients and that glycerophospholipid metabolism was significantly changed between the two syndromes in lipidomics analysis. Among the proteins and lipids, ALDOC and lysophosphatidylcholine (LPCs) were revealed to have a strong relationship by statistical and biological integration analysis, and could effectively distinguish QDLS and QDYD syndromes. Notably, the patients with different syndromes had the most typical metabolic patterns in glycerophospholipid metabolism and glycolysis, reflecting the differences in the syndromes dominated by \u201cYin deficiency\u201d.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>ALDOC and LPCs could be employed for the differentiation of NSCLC patients with QDLS and QDYD syndromes, and \u201cYin deficiency\u201d might be associated with glycerophospholipid metabolism and glycolysis pathway. The results provided a theoretical basis for \u201cSyndrome differentiation\u201d in TCM diagnosis. Moreover, the developed integrated strategy could also provide a reference for individualized diagnosis and treatment of other diseases.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13020-021-00535-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,27]],"date-time":"2021-11-27T09:02:41Z","timestamp":1638003761000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Integrated DIA proteomics and lipidomics analysis on non-small cell lung cancer patients with TCM syndromes"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Song","family":"Cang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ran","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qi","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wanjun","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kunqian","family":"Mu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pengfei","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kaishun","family":"Bi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qing","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"535_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2020.103194","author":"EN Imyanitov","year":"2021","unstructured":"Imyanitov EN, Iyevleva AG, Levchenko EV. 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Informed consent was obtained from all subjects involved in the study.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"126"}}