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Microglia undergo polarization to M1\/M2-like phenotype under stress stimulation, which mediates intracellular inflammatory response. \u03b2-elemene is a natural sesquiterpene and possesses potent anti-inflammatory activity. This study aimed to investigate the anti-inflammatory efficacy and mechanism of \u03b2-elemene in ischemic stroke from the perspective of balancing microglia M1\/M2-like polarization.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model and photothrombotic stroke model were established to explore the regulation effect of \u03b2-elemene on the cerebral ischemic injury. The LPS and IFN-\u03b3 stimulated BV-2 cells were used to demonstrate the anti-inflammatory effects and potential mechanism of \u03b2-elemene regulating M1\/M2-like polarization in vitro.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In C57BL\/6\u00a0J mice subjected to MCAO model and photothrombotic stroke model, \u03b2-elemene attenuated neurological deficit, reduced the infarction volume and neuroinflammation, thus improving ischemic stroke injury. \u03b2-elemene promoted the phenotype transformation of microglia from M1-like to M2-like, which prevented neurons from oxygen and glucose deprivation\/reoxygenation\u00a0(OGD\/R) injury by inhibiting inflammatory factor release, thereby reducing neuronal apoptosis. Mechanically, \u03b2-elemene prevented the activation of TLR4\/NF-\u03ba\u0392 and MAPK signaling pathway and increased AKT\/mTOR mediated-autophagy, thereby promoting M2-like polarization\u00a0of microglia.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These results indicated that \u03b2-elemene improved cerebral ischemic injury and promoted the transformation of microglia phenotype from M1-like to M2-like, at least in part, through AKT\/mTOR-mediated autophagy. This study demonstrated that \u03b2-elemene might serve as a promising drug for alleviating ischemic stroke injury.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13020-024-00946-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,15]],"date-time":"2024-06-15T06:01:43Z","timestamp":1718431303000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["\u03b2-elemene promotes microglial M2-like polarization against ischemic stroke via AKT\/mTOR signaling axis-mediated autophagy"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Qiong","family":"Zhao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lu","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xin","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hua","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4150-3758","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ping","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,15]]},"reference":[{"issue":"7","key":"946_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1305","DOI":"10.1038\/s41401-023-01061-2","volume":"44","author":"J Fang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Fang J, Wang Z, Miao C-y. 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