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Recently, there has been some controversy regarding the causative role of\n                      <jats:italic>MAMLD1<\/jats:italic>\n                      variations in DSDs. Here we describe a clinical series and review the reported cases to evaluate the role of\n                      <jats:italic>MAMLD1<\/jats:italic>\n                      variants in children with 46,XY DSD. Cases of 46,XY DSD harbouring\n                      <jats:italic>MAMLD1<\/jats:italic>\n                      variants from unrelated families were recruited from the Beijing Children\u2019s Hospital in China (\n                      <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200910) or identified through a literature search (\n                      <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200926). The clinical manifestations and genetic variants of all the patients were evaluated.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Hypospadias was the most prevalent phenotype among our 10 cases (8 out of 10 cases) and in all the previously reported ones. Central precocious puberty and isolated micropenis were observed for the first time. Among the 10 cases, nine variants were identified, including three nonsense (p.R356X, p.Q152X, and p.Q124X) and six missense (p.P334S, p.S662R, p.A421P,p.T992I, p.P542S, and p.R927L) variants. In silico analysis showed that the variants p.P334S, p.P542S, p.S662R, and p.R927Lmight lead to drastic changes in the interaction force of the amino acid chain and the flexibility of the spatial structure, and such changes may affect protein function.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Patients with 46,XY DSD harbouring\n                      <jats:italic>MAMLD1<\/jats:italic>\n                      variants manifest a broad spectrum of phenotypes and mostly present with hypospadias. The six novel variants reported here enrich the mutation database and contribute to our understanding of the pathogenesis of 46,XY DSD.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13023-020-01459-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,20]],"date-time":"2020-07-20T07:03:32Z","timestamp":1595228612000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Clinical and molecular spectrum of 46,XY disorders of sex development that harbour MAMLD1 variations: case series and review of literature"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Lele","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chang","family":"Su","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lijun","family":"Fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fenqi","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xuejun","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chunxiu","family":"Gong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"1459_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1038\/nrendo.2012.235","volume":"9","author":"M Ono","year":"2013","unstructured":"Ono M, Harley VR. 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