{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T06:25:42Z","timestamp":1790922342671,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,9]],"date-time":"2021-04-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1617926400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,9]],"date-time":"2021-04-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1617926400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Orphanet J Rare Dis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Smith\u2013Lemli\u2013Opitz syndrome (SLOS) is an autosomal, recessively inherited congenital malformation syndrome characterized by multiple congenital anomalies such as microcephaly with mental defects, distinctive facial features, genital abnormalities, and 2\u20133 syndactyly of the toes. SLOS is caused by defective 7-dehydrocholesterol reductase, which is encoded by the\n                      <jats:italic>DHCR7<\/jats:italic>\n                      gene. This study aimed to analyze the carrier frequency and expected incidence of SLOS in East Asians and Koreans using exome data from the Genome Aggregation Database (gnomAD) through the 2015 American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics and the Association for Molecular Pathology guideline (2015 ACMG-AMP guideline).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We analyzed 9197 exomes for East Asian populations from gnomAD, comprising 1909 Korean, 76 Japanese, and 7212 other East Asian populations. All identified variants were classified according to the 2015 ACMG-AMP guideline.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      According to the 2015 ACMG-AMP guideline, 15 pathogenic variant\/likely pathogenic variant (PV\/LPV) cases were identified in 33 East Asian individuals (33\/9191\u2009=\u20090.4%). Among them, four PVs\/LPVs were identified in 19 Korean individuals (19\/1909\u2009=\u20091.0%). The predicted incidence, based upon the carrier rates of PV\/LPV of\n                      <jats:italic>DHCR7<\/jats:italic>\n                      alleles, is 1 in 310,688 in East Asians and l in 40,380 in Koreans.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This study is the first to identify carrier frequencies in East Asians and Koreans using gnomAD. It was confirmed that East Asians (0.4%) had a lower carrier frequency than did other ethnicities (1\u20133%) and Koreans (1.0%) had similar or lower carrier frequencies than other ethnicities. The variant spectrums of\n                      <jats:italic>DHCR7<\/jats:italic>\n                      in East Asian and Korean populations differed greatly from those of other ethnic groups.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13023-021-01789-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,9]],"date-time":"2021-04-09T05:04:48Z","timestamp":1617944688000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Carrier frequency and incidence estimation of Smith\u2013Lemli\u2013Opitz syndrome in East Asian populations by Genome Aggregation Database (gnomAD) based analysis"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Jong Eun","family":"Park","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Taeheon","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kyeongsu","family":"Ha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7679-8731","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chang-Seok","family":"Ki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"1789_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1414","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(93)90983-N","volume":"341","author":"M Irons","year":"1993","unstructured":"Irons M, Elias ER, Salen G, Tint GS, Batta AK. 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