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We aimed to assess the psychiatric level of individuals with TAND using the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview for Children (MINI-KID) in China.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of 83.16% of individuals (79\/95) had at least one TAND, and 70.53% (67\/95) had an intellectual disability. The MINI-KID tool diagnosed 16 neuropsychiatric diseases, the most common of which were attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) (51.58%, 49\/95) and social anxiety disorder (30.53%, 29\/95). The number of children with psychiatric diseases in the tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) group was significantly greater than the number in the typically developing group (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.0001). Notably, 69.47% (66\/95) had two or more psychiatric disorders. Pervasive developmental disorder (PDD) was often co-morbid with other psychiatric disorders.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study used the structured and systematic MINI-KID scale to determine the diagnosis of psychiatric co-morbidities in a relatively large sample, suggesting a higher rate. By comparing the status of individuals with TSC with typically developing children, the results suggests that neuropsychiatric co-morbidities are significantly higher in individuals with TSC. Research has revealed the frequent presence of two, three or more neuropsychiatric diseases in individuals with TSC.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13023-021-01814-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,17]],"date-time":"2021-04-17T05:03:03Z","timestamp":1618635783000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Assessment of tuberous sclerosis-associated neuropsychiatric disorders using the MINI-KID tool: a pediatric case\u2013control study"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Yifeng","family":"Ding","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ji","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hao","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Taoli","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuizhen","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7051-3739","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yi","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"1814_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16035","DOI":"10.1038\/nrdp.2016.35","volume":"2","author":"EP Henske","year":"2016","unstructured":"Henske EP, J\u00f3\u017awiak S, Kingswood JC, Sampson JR, Thiele EA. 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