{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,24]],"date-time":"2026-01-24T13:45:47Z","timestamp":1769262347302,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,6]],"date-time":"2021-08-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1628208000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,6]],"date-time":"2021-08-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1628208000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81903273"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81903273"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100013061","name":"Jilin Scientific and Technological Development Program","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["20190103078JH"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20190103078JH"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100013061","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100013061","name":"Jilin Scientific and Technological Development Program","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["20200201429JC"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20200201429JC"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100013061","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100013061","name":"Jilin Scientific and Technological Development Program","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["20190304124YY"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20190304124YY"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100013061","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Bethune project","award":["2020B36"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020B36"]}]},{"name":"Science and Technology Project of Jilin Provincial Education Department","award":["JJKH20190081KJ"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JJKH20190081KJ"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Orphanet J Rare Dis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Osteomyelitis variolosa is a self-limiting disease triggered by variola virus that cannot be prevented or repaired. Smallpox has been eradicated for 40\u00a0years, and complications that remain after smallpox has been cured have become a remarkable diagnostic challenge for contemporary physicians. In this systematic review, we searched PubMed (MEDLINE), Web of Science, and Google Scholar for cases on complications, diagnosis, and treatment for osteomyelitis variolosa between January 1980 and February 2021.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Ten papers and eleven finished cases, all patients from India, were included for comparison with the present case. In total, 100% of patients presented with bilateral elbow deformities, the ankle was the second most common site of lesion in 50%, and knee lesions accounted for 25% in this study. Flexion contracture, joint instability, secondary arthritis, and fracture are common complications of osteomyelitis variolosa, and most patients receive conservative treatment, while internal fixation has good results for combined fractures.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Although osteomyelitis variolosa is not a direct threat to the safety of patients, severe skeletal deformities can have a significant impact on quality of life. With advances in surgical techniques, clinicians are offering an increasing number of treatment options for patients with osteomyelitis variolosa. However, most importantly, smallpox has basically been removed from the historical arena, and for areas where smallpox was once endemic, physicians need to deepen the understanding of this disease again.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13023-021-01985-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,6]],"date-time":"2021-08-06T13:06:57Z","timestamp":1628255217000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Osteomyelitis variolosa, an issue inherited from the past: case report and systematic review"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Jinshuo","family":"Tang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pu","family":"Shao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Te","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xinggui","family":"Wen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yeliang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chenyu","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yachen","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hua","family":"Yao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3602-0911","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jianlin","family":"Zuo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"1985_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(06)68143-9","volume":"367","author":"ZS Moore","year":"2006","unstructured":"Moore ZS, Seward JF, Lane JM. Smallpox. Lancet. 2006;367:425\u201335. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0140-6736(06)68143-9.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"1985_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1111\/1469-0691.12536","volume":"20","author":"C Th\u00e8ves","year":"2014","unstructured":"Th\u00e8ves C, Biagini P, Crub\u00e9zy E. The rediscovery of smallpox. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2014;20:210\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1469-0691.12536.","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"},{"key":"1985_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aaw8977","author":"B Muhlemann","year":"2020","unstructured":"Muhlemann B, Vinner L, Margaryan A, Wilhelmson H, de la Fuente Castro C, Allentoft ME, de Barros Damgaard P, Hansen AJ, Holtsmark Nielsen S, Strand LM, Bill J, Buzhilova A, Pushkina T, Falys C, Khartanovich V, Moiseyev V, Jorkov MLS, Ostergaard Sorensen P, Magnusson Y, Gustin I, Schroeder H, Sutter G, Smith GL, Drosten C, Fouchier RAM, Smith DJ, Willerslev E, Jones TC, Sikora M. Diverse variola virus (smallpox) strains were widespread in northern Europe in the Viking Age. Science. 2020. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.aaw8977.","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"1985_CR4","first-page":"505","volume":"5","author":"E Jenner","year":"1801","unstructured":"Jenner E. On the origin of the vaccine inoculation. Med Phys J. 1801;5:505\u20138.","journal-title":"Med Phys J"},{"key":"1985_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-065X.2010.00975.x","volume":"239","author":"B Moss","year":"2011","unstructured":"Moss B. Smallpox vaccines: targets of protective immunity. Immunol Rev. 2011;239:8\u201326. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1600-065X.2010.00975.x.","journal-title":"Immunol Rev"},{"key":"1985_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1089\/bsp.2014.1509.comm","volume":"12","author":"DA Henderson","year":"2014","unstructured":"Henderson DA, Arita I. The smallpox threat: a time to reconsider global policy. Biosecur Bioterror. 2014;12:117\u201321. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/bsp.2014.1509.comm.","journal-title":"Biosecur Bioterror"},{"key":"1985_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.45B4.687","volume":"45","author":"JC Davidson","year":"1963","unstructured":"Davidson JC, Bulawayo PE. Osteomyelitis variolosa. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 1963;45:687\u201393.","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Br"},{"key":"1985_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/s0368-2242(59)80062-2","volume":"10","author":"P Cockshott","year":"1959","unstructured":"Cockshott P, Macgregor M. The natural history of osteomyelitis variolosa. J Fac Radiol. 1959;10:57\u201363. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0368-2242(59)80062-2.","journal-title":"J Fac Radiol"},{"key":"1985_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1673.1973.tb01436.x","volume":"17","author":"SK Gupta","year":"1973","unstructured":"Gupta SK, Srivastava TP. Roentgen features of skeletal involvement in small pox. Australas Radiol. 1973;17:205\u201311. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1440-1673.1973.tb01436.x.","journal-title":"Australas Radiol"},{"key":"1985_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1097\/rhu.0000000000000593","volume":"23","author":"C Pineda","year":"2017","unstructured":"Pineda C, Lozada C, Lozada AC, Gutierrez M. Osteomyelitis variolosa, a differential diagnosis of a multifaceted condition. J Clin Rheumatol. 2017;23:453. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/rhu.0000000000000593.","journal-title":"J Clin Rheumatol"},{"key":"1985_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1511","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620x.102b11.Bjj-2020-1166.R1","volume":"102","author":"MS Banger","year":"2020","unstructured":"Banger MS, Johnston WD, Razii N, Doonan J, Rowe PJ, Jones BG, MacLean AD, Blyth MJG. Robotic arm-assisted bi-unicompartmental knee arthroplasty maintains natural knee joint anatomy compared with total knee arthroplasty: a prospective randomized controlled trial. Bone Joint J. 2020;102:1511\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1302\/0301-620x.102b11.Bjj-2020-1166.R1.","journal-title":"Bone Joint J"},{"key":"1985_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"970","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.18.01060","volume":"101","author":"BP Chalmers","year":"2019","unstructured":"Chalmers BP, Limberg AK, Tibbo ME, Perry KI, Pagnano MW, Abdel MP. Total knee arthroplasty after high tibial osteotomy results in excellent long-term survivorship and clinical outcomes. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2019;101:970\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2106\/JBJS.18.01060.","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"1985_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1177\/230949900801600318","volume":"16","author":"A Arora","year":"2008","unstructured":"Arora A, Agarwal A, Kumar S. Osteomyelitis variolosa: a report of two cases. J Orthop Surg (Hong Kong). 2008;16:355\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/230949900801600318.","journal-title":"J Orthop Surg (Hong Kong)"},{"key":"1985_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1231","DOI":"10.1007\/s00296-009-1272-1","volume":"31","author":"MA Andrews","year":"2011","unstructured":"Andrews MA, Jayan KG. Osteomyelitis variolosa. Rheumatol Int. 2011;31:1231\u20133. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00296-009-1272-1.","journal-title":"Rheumatol Int"},{"key":"1985_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1177\/230949901101900128","volume":"19","author":"D Balaji","year":"2011","unstructured":"Balaji D. Osteomyelitis variolosa: a case report. J Orthop Surg (Hong Kong). 2011;19:120\u20132. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/230949901101900128.","journal-title":"J Orthop Surg (Hong Kong)"},{"key":"1985_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0976-5662(11)60058-1","volume":"2","author":"DB Purandarnath","year":"2011","unstructured":"Purandarnath DB. Osteomyelitis variolosa misdiagnosed as rheumatoid arthritis. J Clin Orthop Trauma. 2011;2:1\u2013126.","journal-title":"J Clin Orthop Trauma"},{"key":"1985_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3425","DOI":"10.1007\/s00296-011-2194-2","volume":"32","author":"S Nema","year":"2012","unstructured":"Nema S, Vyas GS, Kukreja S. Sequelae of osteomyelitis variolosa: a case report. Rheumatol Int. 2012;32:3425\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00296-011-2194-2.","journal-title":"Rheumatol Int"},{"key":"1985_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/1755-6783.95968","author":"P Singh","year":"2012","unstructured":"Singh P. Osteomyelitis variolosa with fracture: a unique case report. Ann Trop Med Public Health. 2012. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/1755-6783.95968.","journal-title":"Ann Trop Med Public Health"},{"key":"1985_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e67","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.CC.N.00194","volume":"5","author":"G Balachandar","year":"2015","unstructured":"Balachandar G, Reddy MN. Compressive ulnar neuropathy due to a ganglion cyst and thickened cubital tunnel retinaculum fifty years after osteomyelitis variolosa of the elbow: a case report. JBJS Case Connect. 2015;5:e67. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2106\/JBJS.CC.N.00194.","journal-title":"JBJS Case Connect"},{"key":"1985_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.2174\/1874325001509010114","volume":"9","author":"A Mugalur","year":"2015","unstructured":"Mugalur A, Shahane SM, Samant A, Pathak AC, Reddy R. Excellent functionality despite clinico-radiological deformity in osteomyelitis variolosa\u2014a case report. Open Orthop J. 2015;9:114\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2174\/1874325001509010114.","journal-title":"Open Orthop J"},{"key":"1985_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1097\/rhu.0000000000000517","volume":"23","author":"J Thomas","year":"2017","unstructured":"Thomas J. Osteomyelitis variolosa. J Clin Rheumatol. 2017;23:114. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/rhu.0000000000000517.","journal-title":"J Clin Rheumatol"},{"key":"1985_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"811","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcot.2018.08.005","volume":"10","author":"A Khurana","year":"2019","unstructured":"Khurana A, Vardhan A, Negi D. Osteomyelitis variolosa: forgotten complication of an eradicated disease. J Clin Orthop Trauma. 2019;10:811\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jcot.2018.08.005.","journal-title":"J Clin Orthop Trauma"},{"key":"1985_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02799699","volume":"2","author":"A Bidder","year":"1873","unstructured":"Bidder A. Zur Kenntniss der eitrigen Gelenkentz\u00fcndungen bei Variola. Dtsch Z Chir. 1873;2:453\u201361.","journal-title":"Dtsch Z Chir"},{"key":"1985_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.1330600112","volume":"60","author":"MK Jackes","year":"1983","unstructured":"Jackes MK. Osteological evidence for smallpox: a possible case from seventeenth century Ontario. Am J Phys Anthropol. 1983;60:75\u201381. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ajpa.1330600112.","journal-title":"Am J Phys Anthropol"},{"key":"1985_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2013.05.008","volume":"3","author":"Y Darton","year":"2013","unstructured":"Darton Y, Richard I, Truc MC. Osteomyelitis variolosa: a probable mediaeval case combined with unilateral sacroiliitis. Int J Paleopathol. 2013;3:288\u201393. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijpp.2013.05.008.","journal-title":"Int J Paleopathol"},{"key":"1985_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.126.4.677","volume":"126","author":"FN Silverman","year":"1976","unstructured":"Silverman FN. Virus diseases of bone. Do they exist? The neuhauser lecture. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1976;126:677\u2013703. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2214\/ajr.126.4.677.","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"key":"1985_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-bioeng-062117-121139","volume":"20","author":"EF Morgan","year":"2018","unstructured":"Morgan EF, Unnikrisnan GU, Hussein AI. Bone mechanical properties in healthy and diseased states. Annu Rev Biomed Eng. 2018;20:119\u201343. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1146\/annurev-bioeng-062117-121139.","journal-title":"Annu Rev Biomed Eng"},{"key":"1985_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105948","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2020.105948","volume":"55","author":"L Wang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wang L, Wang Y, Ye D, Liu Q. Review of the 2019 novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) based on current evidence. Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2020;55:105948. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2020.105948.","journal-title":"Int J Antimicrob Agents"},{"key":"1985_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1197","DOI":"10.2106\/jbjs.20.00847","volume":"102","author":"NP Disser","year":"2020","unstructured":"Disser NP, De Micheli AJ, Schonk MM, Konnaris MA, Piacentini AN, Edon DL, Toresdahl BG, Rodeo SA, Casey EK, Mendias CL. Musculoskeletal consequences of COVID-19. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2020;102:1197\u2013204. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2106\/jbjs.20.00847.","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"1985_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.7861\/clinmedicine.16-2-129","volume":"16","author":"M Marks","year":"2016","unstructured":"Marks M, Marks JL. Viral arthritis. Clin Med (Lond). 2016;16:129\u201334. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7861\/clinmedicine.16-2-129.","journal-title":"Clin Med (Lond)"},{"key":"1985_CR31","first-page":"770","volume":"42","author":"R Holland","year":"2013","unstructured":"Holland R, Barnsley L, Barnsley L. Viral arthritis. Aust Fam Physician. 2013;42:770\u20133.","journal-title":"Aust Fam Physician"},{"key":"1985_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"963","DOI":"10.1016\/j.idc.2005.09.002","volume":"19","author":"LH Calabrese","year":"2005","unstructured":"Calabrese LH, Naides SJ. Viral arthritis. Infect Dis Clin North Am. 2005;19:963\u201380. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.idc.2005.09.002.","journal-title":"Infect Dis Clin North Am"},{"key":"1985_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"554","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0031-1293500","volume":"15","author":"JF Griffith","year":"2011","unstructured":"Griffith JF. Musculoskeletal complications of severe acute respiratory syndrome. Semin Musculoskelet Radiol. 2011;15:554\u201360. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/s-0031-1293500.","journal-title":"Semin Musculoskelet Radiol"},{"key":"1985_CR34","first-page":"369","volume":"27","author":"P Cockshott","year":"1958","unstructured":"Cockshott P, Macgregor M. Osteomyelitis variolosa. Q J Med. 1958;27:369\u201387.","journal-title":"Q J Med"},{"key":"1985_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcpa.2012.06.007","volume":"148","author":"JA Cann","year":"2013","unstructured":"Cann JA, Jahrling PB, Hensley LE, Wahl-Jensen V. Comparative pathology of smallpox and monkeypox in man and macaques. J Comp Pathol. 2013;148:6\u201321. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jcpa.2012.06.007.","journal-title":"J Comp Pathol"},{"key":"1985_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13023-018-0972-6","volume":"14","author":"RM Pauli","year":"2019","unstructured":"Pauli RM. Achondroplasia: a comprehensive clinical review. Orphanet J Rare Dis. 2019;14:1. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13023-018-0972-6.","journal-title":"Orphanet J Rare Dis"},{"key":"1985_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"865","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2018.07.011","volume":"47","author":"A Linglart","year":"2018","unstructured":"Linglart A, Levine MA, J\u00fcppner H. Pseudohypoparathyroidism. Endocrinol Metab Clin N Am. 2018;47:865\u201388. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ecl.2018.07.011.","journal-title":"Endocrinol Metab Clin N Am"},{"key":"1985_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"476","DOI":"10.1038\/s41574-018-0042-0","volume":"14","author":"G Mantovani","year":"2018","unstructured":"Mantovani G, Bastepe M, Monk D, de Sanctis L, Thiele S, Usardi A, Ahmed SF, Bufo R, Choplin T, De Filippo G, Devernois G, Eggermann T, Elli FM, Freson K, Garcia Ramirez A, Germain-Lee EL, Groussin L, Hamdy N, Hanna P, Hiort O, Juppner H, Kamenicky P, Knight N, Kottler ML, Le Norcy E, Lecumberri B, Levine MA, Makitie O, Martin R, Martos-Moreno GA, Minagawa M, Murray P, Pereda A, Pignolo R, Rejnmark L, Rodado R, Rothenbuhler A, Saraff V, Shoemaker AH, Shore EM, Silve C, Turan S, Woods P, Zillikens MC, Perez de Nanclares G, Linglart A. Diagnosis and management of pseudohypoparathyroidism and related disorders: first international consensus statement. Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2018;14:476\u2013500. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41574-018-0042-0.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Endocrinol"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"1985_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jped.2019.10.005","volume":"96","author":"PA Alvares","year":"2020","unstructured":"Alvares PA, Mimica MJ. Osteoarticular infections in pediatrics. J Pediatr (Rio J). 2020;96(Suppl 1):58\u201364. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jped.2019.10.005.","journal-title":"J Pediatr (Rio J)"},{"key":"1985_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(14)60802-3","volume":"386","author":"S Glyn-Jones","year":"2015","unstructured":"Glyn-Jones S, Palmer AJR, Agricola R, Price AJ, Vincent TL, Weinans H, Carr AJ. Osteoarthritis. Lancet. 2015;386:376\u201387. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0140-6736(14)60802-3.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"1985_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1360","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2018.13103","volume":"320","author":"D Aletaha","year":"2018","unstructured":"Aletaha D, Smolen JS. Diagnosis and management of rheumatoid arthritis: a review. JAMA. 2018;320:1360\u201372. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.2018.13103.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"1985_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2013.12.030","volume":"60","author":"H Nistala","year":"2014","unstructured":"Nistala H, Makitie O, Juppner H. Caffey disease: new perspectives on old questions. Bone. 2014;60:246\u201351. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bone.2013.12.030.","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"1985_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1590\/abd1806-4841.20163661","volume":"91","author":"MB Oliveira","year":"2016","unstructured":"Oliveira MB, Diniz LM. Leprosy among children under 15 years of age: literature review. An Bras Dermatol. 2016;91:196\u2013203. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1590\/abd1806-4841.20163661.","journal-title":"An Bras Dermatol"},{"key":"1985_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2237","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/keq264","volume":"49","author":"S Chauhan","year":"2010","unstructured":"Chauhan S, Wakhlu A, Agarwal V. Arthritis in leprosy. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2010;49:2237\u201342. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/rheumatology\/keq264.","journal-title":"Rheumatology (Oxford)"},{"key":"1985_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1016\/s1521-6942(02)00126-2","volume":"17","author":"A Malaviya","year":"2003","unstructured":"Malaviya A. Arthritis associated with tuberculosis. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol. 2003;17:319\u201343. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s1521-6942(02)00126-2.","journal-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol"},{"key":"1985_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1774","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2014.07.023","volume":"22","author":"X Guo","year":"2014","unstructured":"Guo X, Ma WJ, Zhang F, Ren FL, Qu CJ, Lammi MJ. Recent advances in the research of an endemic osteochondropathy in China: Kashin-Beck disease. Osteoarthr Cartil. 2014;22:1774\u201383. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.joca.2014.07.023.","journal-title":"Osteoarthr Cartil"},{"key":"1985_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-019-2461-z","volume":"20","author":"X Wang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Wang X, Ning Y, Liu A, Qi X, Liu M, Zhang P, Guo X. The systematic review and meta-analysis of X-ray detective rate of Kashin-Beck disease from 1992 to 2016. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2019;20:78. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12891-019-2461-z.","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskelet Disord"},{"key":"1985_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2018.11.005","volume":"44","author":"D Zhang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Zhang D, Chen N. Total elbow arthroplasty. J Hand Surg Am. 2019;44:487\u201395. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jhsa.2018.11.005.","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Am"},{"key":"1985_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1080\/17453674.2019.1657342","volume":"90","author":"J Viveen","year":"2019","unstructured":"Viveen J, van den Bekerom MPJ, Doornberg JN, Hatton A, Page R, Koenraadt KLM, Wilson C, Bain GI, Jaarsma RL, Eygendaal D. Use and outcome of 1,220 primary total elbow arthroplasties from the Australian orthopaedic association national joint arthroplasty replacement registry 2008\u20132018. Acta Orthop. 2019;90:511\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/17453674.2019.1657342.","journal-title":"Acta Orthop"},{"key":"1985_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-07856-8","author":"J-H Kim","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kim J-H, Kim H-J, Lee D-H. Survival of opening versus closing wedge high tibial osteotomy: a meta-analysis. Sci Rep. 2017. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-017-07856-8.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"1985_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1672","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(18)32344-4","volume":"392","author":"AJ Price","year":"2018","unstructured":"Price AJ, Alvand A, Troelsen A, Katz JN, Hooper G, Gray A, Carr A, Beard D. Knee replacement. Lancet. 2018;392:1672\u201382. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0140-6736(18)32344-4.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"1985_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-014-2808-7","volume":"35","author":"MM Dowsey","year":"2016","unstructured":"Dowsey MM, Nikpour M, Dieppe P, Choong PF. Associations between pre-operative radiographic osteoarthritis severity and pain and function after total hip replacement\u202f: radiographic OA severity predicts function after THR. Clin Rheumatol. 2016;35:183\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10067-014-2808-7.","journal-title":"Clin Rheumatol"},{"key":"1985_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-018-1977-y","volume":"19","author":"A Postler","year":"2018","unstructured":"Postler A, Lutzner C, Beyer F, Tille E, Lutzner J. Analysis of Total knee arthroplasty revision causes. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2018;19:55. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12891-018-1977-y.","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskelet Disord"}],"container-title":["Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13023-021-01985-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s13023-021-01985-0\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13023-021-01985-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,6]],"date-time":"2021-08-06T13:20:10Z","timestamp":1628256010000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ojrd.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s13023-021-01985-0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,6]]},"references-count":53,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]}},"alternative-id":["1985"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13023-021-01985-0","relation":{},"ISSN":["1750-1172"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1750-1172","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"31 March 2021","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"27 July 2021","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"6 August 2021","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"The consent for publication has been obtained from the patient and her family members.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declared that they have no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"354"}}