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They are recognizable when it is too late for treatment or prevention. General screening of newborns is effective in diagnosing congenital hypothyroidism and initiating initial treatment. The aim of this study is to compare the physical and mental growth pattern of children with congenital hypothyroidism with healthy ones.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>This case\u2013control study was performed on 34 patients and 68 healthy children who were matched in terms of inclusion and exclusion criteria. Children development screening test (ASQ), children development assessment test (Bayley), preschool Wechsler intelligence scale (WPPSI) and age and steps questionnaire of emotional social development (ASQ-SE) were completed by trained questioners. Data were analyzed using STATA software.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The results indicated that there was no significant difference between the mean of verbal (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.77), non-verbal (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.81) and general (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.66) IQ in permanent and transient patients and healthy individuals. Also, there was no significant difference between the mean of different ranges of ASQ test (including communication, delicate and large movements, problem solving and social) at 12\u00a0months and 42\u00a0months (P\u2009&lt;\u20090.05). According to Bayley test, there was no significant difference between the cases (permanent and transient) and controls in the cognitive (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.42) and expressive (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.38) categories. The difference was significant in the perceptual (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.011), large (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.03) and delicate (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.04) movements categories.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>This study emphasized on the high effectiveness of neonate hypothyroidism screening program, so that the difference between 3.5\u00a0years old children with and without this disease has decreased significantly. Early diagnosis of the patients, while creating beneficial effects for patients and increasing quality of life, cause reduction in the long-term costs of the health system.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13023-021-02017-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,23]],"date-time":"2021-09-23T23:05:23Z","timestamp":1632438323000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Physical and mental growth and development in children with congenital hypothyroidism: a case\u2013control study"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Javad","family":"Nazari","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kimia","family":"Jafari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maryam","family":"Chegini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Akram","family":"Maleki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pari","family":"MirShafiei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ali","family":"Alimohammadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yasan","family":"Kazemzadeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Reihaneh","family":"Mikaeliyan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1512-245X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Saeed","family":"Amini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"2017_CR1","first-page":"1939","volume-title":"WF B","author":"A Menchise","year":"2016","unstructured":"Menchise A. 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This study has been approved by the Ethics in research committee of Arak University of Medical Sciences (Ethics Code IR.ARAKMU. REC.1398. 208).","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"393"}}