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Patients experience a range of comorbidities, such as obesity, cardiovascular, and gastrointestinal complications, especially in adulthood. All aspects that could benefit from dietary intervention. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of a 6-months restricted Mediterranean Diet (rMD) on nutritional status in adult patients affected by OI.<\/jats:p>\n                <jats:p>We carried out a 6-months longitudinal pilot study. 14 adults (median age: 35\u00a0years; 7 women; 7 OI type III) where recruited in 2019 among the members of As.It.O.I., the Italian Association of Osteogenesis Imperfecta. As.It.O.I. All the evaluations were performed at the University of Milan, Italy. The rMD provided a reduction of 30% from daily total energy expenditure. 45% of calories derived from carbohydrates, 35% from fat and 0.7\u20131.0\u00a0g\/kg of body weight from proteins. Comparisons of continuous variables after 6\u00a0months of intervention were performed by the paired t-test. All P-values were two-tailed, and <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05 was considered significant.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Patients showed significant improvement in anthropometric measurements (BMI\u2009=\u200930.5 vs 28.1\u00a0kg\/cm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001; Body Fat %\u2009=\u200932.9 vs 29.9, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.006; Waist circumferences\u2009=\u200983.6 vs 79.6\u00a0cm; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001; Arm Fat Area\u2009=\u200929.8 vs 23.07 cm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.011) and energy expenditure (REE\/kg\u2009=\u200927.2 vs 29.2\u00a0kcal\/kg, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Glucose and lipid profiles improved (\u0394glycemia\u2009=\u2009\u2212\u20098.6\u2009\u00b1\u20097.3\u00a0mg\/dL, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.003; \u0394TC\u2009=\u2009\u2212\u200914.6\u2009\u00b1\u200920.1\u00a0mg\/dL, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.036; \u0394LDL\u2009=\u2009\u2212\u200912.0\u2009\u00b1\u200912.1\u00a0mg\/dL, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.009). Adherence to the MD significantly increased, moving from a moderate to a strong adherence and reporting an increased consumption of white meat, legumes, fish, nuts, fruits and vegetables.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>A rMD was effective in improving nutritional status and dietary quality in adults with OI. These results underscores the need to raise awareness of nutrition as part of the multidisciplinary treatment of this disease.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13023-024-03100-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,1]],"date-time":"2024-03-01T09:02:23Z","timestamp":1709283743000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Short-term effects of Mediterranean diet on nutritional status in adults affected by Osteogenesis Imperfecta: a pilot study"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0403-5465","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ramona","family":"De Amicis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Simona","family":"Bertoli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amalia","family":"Bruno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giulia","family":"De Carlo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alberto","family":"Battezzati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Foppiani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alessandro","family":"Leone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Antonella","family":"Lo Mauro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,1]]},"reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"3100_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1470","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.a.36545","volume":"164A","author":"FS Van Dijk","year":"2014","unstructured":"Van Dijk FS, Sillence DO. 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All patients provided written informed consent before the beginning of the study.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors have no conflict of interest to declare.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"94"}}